Evaluation of RTD and thermocouple for PID temperature control in distributed control system laboratory

Temperature process control is an integral element in the syllabus of control engineering.Generally, industrial processes can be simulated via proportional-integral-derivative(PID)controller and various tunings methods. This paper proposes a process control laboratory and sequence of experiments in basic temperature control process. The experiments are performed on temperature control plant using resistor temperature detector (RTD) and thermocouple in a distributed control system laboratory. Five PID experiments are conducted. These include optimum tuning of the controller using Ziegler-Nichols process reaction-curve method, ultimate gain and response of various proportional band, integral band and derivative band values to the temperature control.PID tuning is observed and analyzed for the respective RTD and thermocouple sensors.Keywords: RTD; thermocouple;distributed control system; temperature process contro

Sustainable compost prepared from oyster mushroom substrate microparticles with domestic wastes as local starters

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is one of the high-demand edible mushrooms due to its high nutrition and pharmaceutical compound. However, the mushroom produce spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as a byproduct of mushroom industries, creating various environmental problems. The experiment was done by converting SMS into micrometer-sized particles. Then, the SMS particles were mixed with various domestic wastes as local starters, including  Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4) , rice waste, vegetable waste, banana weevil, banana peel, chicken dung, goat dung, and cow dung. The results show that SMS mixed with domestic waste has excellent performance. Specifically, when SMS was mixed with chicken dung, it created compost with the highest performance N-Total (1.01%), P-Total (1.06%), K-Total (1.51%), Ca (1.48%), Mg (0.4%), and C/N ratio (16.97%), indicating that compost already matured. Following the Indonesian National Standard, the prepared compost from SMS mixed with chicken dung is more suitable for the standard requirement. The use of SMS microparticles brings a great impact on the enhancement of the product. The micrometer-sized particles permit a large contact area between the raw components to be contacted and interacted with easily, making them mature quickly in the bioreacto

Design of biped hip simulator using SolidWorks

The increasing number of people who underwent both hip implant surgery based on World Health Organization (WHO) has received massive attention from researchers lately to develop various types of hip simulators in order to test the hip implant. Various number of hip simulator have been developed with different functions and capabilities. This paper presents the design development of biped hip simulator using SolidWorks software by taking into consideration some improvement and modifications. The finite element method is used to test the design whether it is safe to be used or not. The biped hip simulator has been successfully designed and ready to be fabricated as the endurance testing shown a positive results. The von Mises stress induced in the material is an alloy steel which is 2,975,862.3 N/m2 lower than the yield strength. Thus, the design is safe to be used as it obey the safety criterion

Phase formation of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE: Y0.5Gd0.5, Y0.5Nd0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) superconductors from nanopowders synthesised via co-precipitation

Phase formation of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (RE: Y0.5Gd0.5, Y0.5Nd0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) superconductors synthesised via co-precipitation (COP) method were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. All samples showed identical thermal decomposition behaviour from the thermogram in which 5 major weight losses were observed. However, XRD of the samples at different heat treatment temperatures showed different diffraction patterns indicating different thermolytic processes. Meanwhile, transmission electron microscopy and surface area analysis revealed that the powders obtained from COP have particle sizes ranging from 7 to 12 nm with relatively large surface area. Molar ratios of prepared samples obtained were near to the theoretical values as confirmed by elemental analyses using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The TC(R=0) for sintered YGd, YNd and NdGd were 87 K, 86 K and 90 K, respectively. Surface morphological study via scanning electron microscope showed the structures of samples were dense and non porous

The effect of feeding black soldier fly larvae on growth performance, protein, and fat content of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)

Background and aim: In the aquaculture industry, the crucial goal is to minimize production costs, especially feeding costs, without significant side effects. Black soldier fly larva (BSFL) is a locally available, eco-friendly, and sustainable source that is high in crude protein (42% dry matter [DM]) and fat (35% DM). This study aimed to determine the growth performance along with the composition of crude fat and protein in red hybrid fingerlings after the addition of BSFL into the diet. Materials and methods: A total of 120 fingerlings of uniform size (mean initial weight of 1.46 ± 0.06 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10) (A, B, C, and D) per tank (1 m × 2 m × 1 m). For 21 days, Group A (control group) was fed with 100% commercial diet; Group B was fed with 90% commercial fish diet + 10% BSFL; Group C was fed with 80% commercial fish diet + 20% BSFL; and Group D was fed with 70% commercial fish diet + 30% BSFL. Feed efficiency, growth performance, and proximate composition analysis were performed on the fish. Results: The results displayed that the group with the highest BSFL percentage had a greater effect on protein and fat composition than the control group. The proximate composition analysis of fish-fed diet revealed that an increase in the level of BSFL inclusion increases the protein content in the fish. In comparison to the other groups, the experimental diet with 30% BSFL inclusion has the highest levels of crude protein (80.30% DM) and fat (2.90% DM). Conclusion: It is concluded that incorporating BSFL into a commercial diet for red hybrid tilapia fingerlings increased crude protein and fat composition, providing an alternative protein and fat source in fish diets