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Complications and outcomes associated with 13 cases of triceps tendon disruption in dogs and cats (2003-2014).
This study reports data from a larger number of cases of triceps tendon disruption. Records from 10 veterinary referral hospitals between 2003 and 2014 were searched for canine and feline cases diagnosed with triceps tendon disruption, based on orthopaedic examination confirmed during surgery. Long-term follow-up and owner satisfaction were assessed using a questionnaire. There were 13 cases of triceps tendon disruption diagnosed across seven hospitals (nine dogs, four cats). Trauma, history or presence of a wound, surgery in the region of tendon attachment or corticosteroid treatment preceded triceps tendon disruption. Radiographic signs or histopathology suggestive of a chronic tendinopathy was common. All cases underwent surgical repair involving a tendon suture pattern, 12 of which were secured through bone tunnels. Immobilisation was used in all cases in the form of transarticular external skeletal fixation (TAESF) (8/9 dogs) or spica splint (four cats, two dogs; in one dog a TAESF was applied after complications associated with the spica splint). Complications occurred in 11 cases (17 total complications), frequently associated with the immobilisation method. One case had traumatic tendon rerupture two years following surgery. A wound at presentation was associated with the development of multiple complications. Nine cases had long-term follow-up; five achieved normal function, four achieved acceptable function. Despite the complications, overall return to subjective normal or acceptable function, as assessed by the owners, was achieved in the majority of cases
Teaching of Energy Issues: A debate proposal for a GLobal Reorientation
The growing awareness of serious difficulties in the learning of energy issues has produced a great deal of research, most of which is focused on specific conceptual aspects. In our opinion, the difficulties pointed out in the literature are interrelated and connected to other aspects (conceptual as well as procedural and axiological), which are not sufficiently taken into account in previous research. This paper aims to carry out a global analysis in order to avoid the more limited approaches that deal only with individual aspects. From this global analysis we have outlined 24 propositions that are put forward for debate to lay the foundations for a profound reorientation of the teaching of energy topics in upper high school courses, in order to facilitate a better scientific understanding of these topics, avoid many students' misconceptions and enhance awareness of the current situation of planetary emergency
Sarcoptes scabiei infestation does not alter the stability of ectoparasite communities
Antecedentes: La muestra representa un ecosistema heterogéneo donde varias especies de parásitos concurren e interactúan entre sí por el espacio y los recursos. Aunque estas interacciones pueden gobernar las características de una pequeña comunidad y pueden conformar la respuesta a perturbaciones externas, la resiliencia de las comunidades ectoparásitas a nuevas infestaciones sigue siendo poco explorada.
Métodos: Se analizó la composición del ectoparásito en comunidades ubicadas en 214 individuos de íbices ibérica (Capra pyrenaica) que habita en el Espacio Natural de Sierra Nevada, en el sur de España. Se utilizaron los esquemas de clasificación y regresión, exploramos cómo la presencia de Sarcoptes scabiei (un ácaro muy contagioso), en la muestra exterior y la manada rigen la prevalencia y abundancia de los piojos y las garrapatas. Ningún modelo se ha aplicado en el análisis para evaluar el impacto de S. scabiei sobre la estructura de las comunidades de ectoparásitos.
Resultados: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la infestación de S. scabiei actúa en tándem con muestras externas y en la manada para definir la prevalencia y abundancia de los piojos y las garrapatas. También hemos aportado pruebas de diferencias en la concurrencia de especies sólo en las primeras etapas de la infestación de S. scabiei. Con respecto a la diversidad de las especies, grabamos al ectoparásito en comunidades de íbices con S. scabiei, que alcanzó una proliferación más rápida que en individuos sanos.
Conclusiones: aunque nos muestran que la carga del ectoparásito está correlacionada con la infestación de S. scabiei, el entorno exterior y la manada, la respuesta a la infestación de la especie S. scabiei y el clima parece ser muy variable y está influido por rasgos de la historia vital del ectoparásito. Las comunidades de ectoparásitos también parecen resistentes a las perturbaciones, lo que está de acuerdo con lo previamente reportado para los endoparásitos. El futuro perfeccionamiento de la recogida de la muestra y la incorporación de los sistemas ecológicos y las variables epidemiológicas pueden permitirnos establecer efectos causales y profundizar los conocimientos sobre los mecanismos y las consecuencias de las interacciones de los ectoparásitos.Background: The host represents a heterogeneous ecosystem where multiple parasite species co-occur and interact with each other for space and resources. Although these interactions may rule the features of an infracommunity and may shape the infracommunity response to external perturbations, the resilience of ectoparasite communities to new infestations remains poorly explored.
Methods: We analysed the composition of the ectoparasite communities found on 214 individual Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica) inhabiting the Sierra Nevada Natural Space, southern Spain. Using classification and regression trees, we explored how the presence of Sarcoptes scabiei (a highly contagious mite), the off-host environment and the host
sex govern the prevalence and abundance of lice and ticks. Null model analysis was applied to assess the impact of S.scabiei on the structure of the ectoparasite communities.
Results: Our results suggest that S. scabiei infestation acts in tandem with off-host environment and host sex to define the prevalence and abundance of lice and ticks. We also provided evidence for differences in species co-occurrence only at the early stages of S. scabiei infestation. Regarding species diversity, we recorded that ectoparasite communities in scabietic ibexes reached a high richness faster than those in healthy individuals.
Conclusions: Even though we show that ectoparasite burden is correlated with S. scabiei infestation, off-host environment and host sex, the species response to S. scabiei infestation and climate seem to be highly variable and influenced by ectoparasite life-history traits. Ectoparasite communities also appear resilient to perturbations which is in agreement with what was previously reported for endoparasites. Future refinement of sample collection and the incorporation of ecological and epidemiological-related variables may allow us to establish causal effects and deepen the knowledge about the mechanisms and consequences of ectoparasite interactions.Trabajo patrocinado por:
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Proyecto CGL2012-40043-C02-01
Gobierno de Andalucía. Ayuda RNM-118
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, European Social Fund y Ministério da Educação e Ciência, National Funds. Beca PhD SFRH/BD/98387/2013 para João Carvalho
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Programa Postdoctoral SFRH/BPD/96637/2013 para Emmanuel Serrano
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia y Ministério da Educação e Ciência, para CESAM RU (UID/AMB/50017)peerReviewe