863 research outputs found
Informality and social urban planning in Medellin
La ciudad de MedellĂn, despuĂ©s de unas dĂ©cadas de aislamiento e involuciĂłn
caracterizadas por altos Ăndices de inseguridad, violencia y segregaciĂłn social, ha venido experimentando en la Ășltima dĂ©cada un proceso de renacimiento urbanĂstico
que tuvo comienzo bajo el liderazgo del Alcalde Sergio Fajardo y que se conoce
con el nombre de Urbanismo Social. Entre los pilares de dicho proceso estĂĄn los
Proyectos Urbanos Integrales (PUI), estrategias de intervenciĂłn fĂsica en los sectores informales de la ciudad que buscan colmar la enorme deuda social que la ciudad
formal ha venido acumulando durante años de olvido. El objetivo de este artĂculo es describir las caracterĂsticas de dichas intervenciones analizando en detalle su
proyecto piloto, el Proyecto Urbano Integral de la Nororiental, ubicado en unas de las
ĂĄreas con los Ăndices mĂĄs bajos de calidad de vida de la ciudad.La ciutat de MedellĂn, desprĂ©s dâunes dĂšcades dâaĂŻllament i involuciĂł caracteritzades per alts Ăndexs dâinseguretat, violĂšncia i segregaciĂł social, ha experimentat en lâĂșltima dĂšcada un procĂ©s de renaixement urbanĂstic que va tenir començament sota el lideratge de lâalcalde Sergio Fajardo i que es coneix amb el nom dâUrbanisme Social. Entre els pilars dâaquest procĂ©s hi ha els Projectes Urbans Integrals (PUI), estratĂšgies dâintervenciĂł fĂsica en els sectors informals de la ciutat que busquen satisfer lâenorme deute social que la ciutat formal ha vingut acumulant durant anys.
dâoblit. Lâobjectiu dâaquest article Ă©s descriure les caracterĂstiques dâaquestes
intervencions analitzant en detall el seu projecte pilot, el Projecte UrbĂ Integral de
la nord-oriental, situat en una de les Ă rees amb els Ăndexs mĂ©s baixos de qualitat de
vida de la ciutat.After decades of isolation and involution characterized by high levels of insecurity,
violence and social segregation, the city of Medellin has been experiencing an urban renaissance process over the last decade. This process has begun under the
leadership of Mayor Sergio Fajardo and itâs known as Social Planning. The Integral
Urban Projects (PUI), are among the pillars of this process, as physical intervention
strategies in the informal sectors of the city, and seeks to tackle the huge social debt that the formal city has been building over years of neglect. The aim of this paper is to describe the interventions described and to discuss in detail its pilot project, the Northeast Integral Urban Project, located in one of the areas with lowest quality of life in the city.Peer Reviewe
Bacterial Contamination of Clothes and Environmental Items in a Third-Level Hospital in Colombia
Objective. This study evaluates the bacterial contamination rate of items in the hospital setting that are in frequent contact with patients and/or physicians. By determining the bacterial species and the associated antibiotic resistance that patients are exposed to. Methods. Hospital-based cross-sectional surveillance study of potential bacterial reservoirs. Cultures from 30 computer keyboards, 32 curtains, 40 cell phones, 35 white coats, and 22 ties were obtained. Setting. The study was conducted an urban academic 650-bed teaching hospital providing tertiary care to the city of Medellin, Colombia. Results. In total, 235 bacterial isolates were obtained from 159 surfaces sampled. 98.7% of the surfaces grew positive bacterial cultures with some interesting resistance profiles. Conclusion. There are significant opportunities to reduce patient exposure to frequently pathogenic bacteria in the hospital setting; patients are likely exposed to many bacteria through direct contact with white coats, curtains, and ties. They may be exposed to additional bacterial reservoirs indirectly through the hands of clinicians, using computer keyboards and cell phones
A high incidence of native portal vein thrombosis in veterans undergoing liver transplantation
The incidence of native portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in liver transplant recipients has been reported to range from 2.1 to 13.8%. We have identified an inordinately high incidence of PVT in a consecutive series of U.S. veterans receiving liver transplants. Between October 1989 and February 1994, 88 consecutive U.S. veterans received 99 orthotopic liver transplants under primary Tacrolimus (Prograf, formerly FK506) based immunosuppression. A number of clinical features were examined in an effort to identify risk factors for PVT and outcome was compared to patients without PVT. Native PVT was present in 23/88 (26%) patients. All of these patients were male U.S. veterans with a mean age of 47 years. When compared to the 65 patients without PVT, we found no significant difference with respect to underlying liver disease, age, Childs-Pugh score (mean = 12), UNOS status as defined prior to April 1995 (95% UNOS 3 or 4), previous abdominal surgery, or liver volume. Median blood loss for patients with PVT (21 units of packed red blood cells) was greater than for those without PVT (14 units, P = 0.04). Portal thrombectomy was performed in 11 patients, 11 patients required mesoportal jump grafts, and 1 patient had an interposition graft. Standard veno-venous bypass was used in 10 patients with single bypass utilized for the remainder. Actuarial patient survival for all patients at 1, 2, and 4 years was 88, 85, and 79%, respectively. There was no significant difference in patients with or without PVT. Patients with PVT had poorer graft survival than patients without PVT (86% vs 65%, 1 year; 81% vs 65%, 2 years; 81% vs 61%, 4 years; P = 0.03); however, this was not related to technical problems with the portal venous inflow. PVT occurred in 26% of U.S. veterans undergoing liver transplantation. These patients bad significantly higher operative blood loss and poorer graft survival. The high incidence of postnecrotic cirrhosis in a predominantly male group of patients with advanced disease, as is evident by the high mean Childs-Pugh score and UNOS status, perhaps accounts for our observations
AutobiografĂa de un banco
El Banco de la RepĂșblica. Antecedentes, evoluciĂłn y estructura. Banco de la RepĂșblica. BogotĂĄ, 1990, 782 pĂĄgs
Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiochroman-4-One Derivatives as Potential Leishmanicidal Agents
ABSTARCT: The S-containing heterocyclic compounds benzothiopyrans or thiochromones stand out as having promising biological activities due to their structural relationship with chromones (benzopyrans), which are widely known as privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. In this work, we report the synthesis of 35 thiochromone derivatives and the in vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. Compounds were tested against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxic activity against human monocytes (U-937 ATCC CRL-1593.2). Compounds bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l and 4m, displayed the highest antileishmanial activity, with EC50 values lower than 10 ÎŒM and an index of selectivity over 100 for compounds 4j and 4l. When the double bond or the sulfone moiety was removed, the activity decreased. Our results show that thiochromones bearing a vinyl sulfone moiety are endowed with high antileishmanial activity and low cytotoxicity
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<i>Sall4</i> regulates downstream patterning genes during limb regeneration
Many salamanders can completely regenerate a fully functional limb. Limb regeneration is a carefully coordinated process involving several defined stages. One key event during the regeneration process is the patterning of the blastema to inform cells of what they must differentiate into. Although it is known that many genes involved in the initial development of the limb are re-used during regeneration, the exact molecular circuitry involved in this process is not fully understood. Several large-scale transcriptional profiling studies of axolotl limb regeneration have identified many transcription factors that are up-regulated after limb amputation. Sall4 is a transcription factor that has been identified to play essential roles in maintaining cells in an undifferentiated state during development and also plays a unique role in limb development. Inactivation of Sall4 during limb bud development results in defects in anterior-posterior patterning of the limb. Sall4 has been found to be up-regulated during limb regeneration in both Xenopus and salamanders, but to date it function has been untested. We confirmed that Sall4 is up-regulated during limb regeneration in the axolotl using qRT-PCR and identified that it is present in the skin cells and also in cells within the blastema. Using CRISPR technology we microinjected gRNAs specific for Sall4 complexed with cas9 protein into the blastema to specifically knockout Sall4 in blastema cells only. This resulted in limb regenerate defects, including missing digits, fusion of digit elements, and defects in the radius and ulna. This suggests that during regeneration Sall4 may play a similar role in regulating the specification of anterior-proximal skeletal elements
Linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in GaAs/Ga1âxAlxAs concentric double quantum rings : Effects of hydrostatic pressure and aluminum concentration
ABSTRACT: The linear and nonlinear intra-band optical absorption coefficients in GaAs/Ga1âxAlxAs two-dimensional concentric double quantum rings are investigated. Taking into account the combined effects of hydrostatic pressure and aluminum concentration the energies of the ground and the first excited state have been found using the effective mass approximation and the transfer matrix formalism. The energies of these states and the corresponding threshold energy of the intra-band optical transitions are examined as a function of hydrostatic pressure and aluminum concentration for different sizes of the structure. We also investigated the dependencies of the linear, nonlinear, and total optical absorption coefficients as functions of the incident photon energy for different values of hydrostatic pressure, aluminum concentration, sizes of the structure, and incident optical intensity. Its is found that the effects of the hydrostatic pressure and the aluminum concentration lead to a shifting of the resonant peaks of the intra-band optical spectrum
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