On differences between fractional and integer order differential equations for dynamical games

We argue that fractional order (FO) differential equations are more suitable to model complex adaptive systems (CAS). Hence they are applied in replicator equations for non-cooperative game. Rock-Scissors-Paper game is discussed. It is known that its integer order model does not have a stable equilibrium. Its fractional order model is shown to have a locally asymptotically stable internal solution. A FO asymmetric game is shown to have a locally asymptotically stable internal solution. This is not the case for its integer order counterpart.Comment: 4 page

Hydrogels and Their Combination with Liposomes, Niosomes, or Transfersomes for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Polymeric networks that retain and absorb substantial amount of water or biological fluids and resemble as a biological tissue are defined as hydrogels. On the other hand, liposomes, transfersomes and niosomes are lipid carriers, which represent one of the major research and development focus areas of the pharmaceutical industry. They have great potential as lipid vehicles that are able to enhance permeation of drugs across the intact skin and can act as local depot for the drug to sustain and control its delivery. Lipid carrier and hydrogel combinations offer transdermal drug delivery of great potential to enhance systemic effects of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Also, lipid carriers can target drugs to skin appendages and improve transdermal delivery. Lipid carrier proform systems in the form of gelly liquid crystals can also be used transdermally for better drug absorption enhancement. This review highlights the potential of hydrogels and emulgels with or without lipid nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal application

Nile perch fish nuggets: Partial replacement of fish flesh with sesame hulls and sunroot — Quality assessment and storage stability

This study aimed to produce Nile perch fish nuggets by replacing a part of fish flesh with different concentrations of sesame hulls and sunroot to reach the optimal recipe. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of nuggets were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage at –18 °C. According to the obtained data on the chemical composition of raw materials, Nile perch flesh had the highest content of protein (20.21%), sesame hulls contained the highest amount of fat (13.54%), fiber (17.24%) and ash (16.11%), while sunroot tubers had the highest amount of carbohydrates (15.76%). Based on the sensory score, the acceptable replacement ratio for fish nuggets prepared with sunroot (T1) and sesame hulls (T2) was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis at zero time shows that the T1 samples had the minimum value compared to the T2 and control samples. During storage, the TBA levels increased slightly in all samples, but after three months T1 also showed the lowest value. The total plate count (TPC) and psychrophilic bacterial (PSY) count in the samples were affected by the period of frozen storage at –18 °C. The initial TPC and PSY loads were 2.32 and 2.02 log cfu/g for control; 2.24 and 1.72 log cfu/g for T1; 2.30 and 1.47 log cfu/g for T2, respectively. During storage, the values of TPC and Psy slightly decreased. In conclusion, this study succeeded in the replacement of Nile perch fish with sesame hulls and sunroot as new sources to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of fish nuggets.This study aimed to produce Nile perch fish nuggets by replacing a part of fish flesh with different concentrations of sesame hulls and sunroot to reach the optimal recipe. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of nuggets were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage at –18 °C. According to the obtained data on the chemical composition of raw materials, Nile perch flesh had the highest content of protein (20.21%), sesame hulls contained the highest amount of fat (13.54%), fiber (17.24%) and ash (16.11%), while sunroot tubers had the highest amount of carbohydrates (15.76%). Based on the sensory score, the acceptable replacement ratio for fish nuggets prepared with sunroot (T1) and sesame hulls (T2) was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis at zero time shows that the T1 samples had the minimum value compared to the T2 and control samples. During storage, the TBA levels increased slightly in all samples, but after three months T1 also showed the lowest value. The total plate count (TPC) and psychrophilic bacterial (PSY) count in the samples were affected by the period of frozen storage at –18 °C. The initial TPC and PSY loads were 2.32 and 2.02 log cfu/g for control; 2.24 and 1.72 log cfu/g for T1; 2.30 and 1.47 log cfu/g for T2, respectively. During storage, the values of TPC and Psy slightly decreased. In conclusion, this study succeeded in the replacement of Nile perch fish with sesame hulls and sunroot as new sources to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of fish nuggets

Effect of antibodies and latently infected cells on HIV dynamics with differential drug efficacy in cocirculating target cells

In this paper, we investigate the qualitative behaviors of three viral infection models with two types of cocirculating target cells. The models take into account both antibodies and latently infected cells. The incidence rate is represented by bilinear, saturation and general function. For the first two models, we have derived two threshold parameters, R0 and R1 which completely determined the global properties of the models. Lyapunov functions are constructed and LaSalle's invariance principle is applied to prove the global asymptotic stability of all equilibria of the models. For the third model, we have established a set of conditions on the general incidence rate function which are sufficient for the global stability of the equilibria of the model. Theoretical results have been checked by numerical simulations.The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.http://link.springer.com/journal/108192018-06-30hb2017Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin

Soil-raft foundation-structure interaction effects on seismic performance of multi-story MRF buildings

Recent studies show that the effects of Soil Structure Interaction (SSI) may be detrimental to the seismic response of structure and neglecting SSI in analysis may lead to un-conservative design. Despite this, the conventional design procedure usually involves assumption of fixity at the base of foundation neglecting the flexibility of the foundation, the compressibility of soil mass and consequently the effect of foundation settlement on further redistribution of bending moment and shear force demands. The effects of SSI are analyzed for typical multi-story building resting on raft foundation. Three methods of analysis are used for seismic demands evaluation of the target moment resistant frame buildings: equivalent static load (ESL); response spectrum (RS) methods and nonlinear time history (TH) analysis with suit of nine time history records. Three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model is constructed to analyze the effects of different soil conditions and number of stories on the vibration characteristics and seismic response demands of building structures. Numerical results obtained using soil structure interaction model conditions are compared to those corresponding to fixed-base support conditions. The peak responses of story shear, story moment, story displacement, story drift, moments at beam ends, as well as force of inner columns are analyzed

Small bowel perforation by a piece of china with a synchronous asymptomatic sigmoid carcinoma: A case report

A 75 year old gentleman who presented with an incarcerated paraumibilical hernia was found intraoperatively to have small bowel perforation due to a piece of china with a synchronous asymptomatic sigmoid carcinoma

Outbreaks of myxomatosis in Egyptian domestic rabbit farms

[EN] Myxomatosis is an endemic infectious, severe and often fatal disease of rabbit caused by myxoma virus. In the present study, myxomatosis outbreaks were reported in 7 domestic rabbit farms in Egypt. Rabbits showed oedema of the eyelids, facial oedema and blepharoconjunctivitis. The morbidity and lethality rates were 18-100% and 20-80%, respectively. The myxomatosis diagnosis was based on histopathology, virus isolation on rabbit kidney cell line (RK-13), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of epidermal hyperplasia, dermal necrosis and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. The virus was isolated on RK-13 cells and induced cytopathic effect. Using PCR, a band of 471 base pair corresponding to the M071L gene was amplified from extracted DNA. Sequence alignment of four out of the 7 isolates revealed that these isolates were 98-99% identical to European and Australian rabbit myxoma reference viruses. In conclusion, rabbit myxomatosis outbreaks and virus isolation procedures are reported herein for the first time in Egypt. Preventive policies against disease circulation should be adopted by the national authorities.Salem, HM.; Morsy, EA.; Hassanen, EI.; Shehata, AA. (2019). Outbreaks of myxomatosis in Egyptian domestic rabbit farms. World Rabbit Science. 27(2):85-91. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.10585SWORD8591272Bertagnoli S., Marchandeau S. 2015. Myxomatosis. Rev. Sci. Tech., 34:549-556. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.34.2.2378Best S.M., Collins S.V., Kerr P.J. 2000. Coevolution of host and virus: cellular localization of virus in myxoma virus infection of resistant and susceptible European rabbits. Virology, 277: 76-91. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.2000.0505Brugman V.A., Hernández-Triana L.M., Prosser S.W., Weland.C., Westcott D.G., Fooks A.R., Johnson N. 2015. Molecular species identification, host preference and detection of myxoma virus in the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae ) in southern England, UK. Parasit Vectors., 8: 421. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1034-8Calvete C., Estrada R., Lucientes J., Osacar J., Villafuerte R. 2004. Effects of vaccination against viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD) and myxomatosis on long-term mortality rates of European wild rabbits. Vet. Rec., 155: 388-392. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.155.13.388Cameron C., Hota-Mitchell S., Chen L., Barrett J., Cao J.X., Macaulay C., Willer D., Evans D., McFadden G. 1999. The complete DNA sequence of myxoma virus. Virology, 264: 298-318. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.0001Dalton K.P., Nicieza I., de Llano D., Gullón J., Inza M., Petralanda M., Arroita Z., Parra F. 2015. Vaccine breaks: Outbreaks of myxomatosis on Spanish commercial rabbit farms. Vet. Microbiol. 178: 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.008Fenner F. 2000. Adventures with poxviruses of vertebrates. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 24:123-133.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00536.xFerreira, C., Ramírez, E., Castro, F., Ferreras, P., Alves, P.C., Redpath, S., Villafuerte, R. 2009. Field experimental vaccination campaigns against myxomatosis and their effectiveness in the wild. Vaccine, 27: 6998-7002.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.075Grodhaus G., Regnery D.C., Marshall I.D. 1963. Studies in the epidemiology of myxomatosis in California. II. The experimental transmission of myxomatosis between brush rabbits (Sylvilagus bachmani ) by several species of mosquitoes. Am. J. Hyg., 77: 205-212. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120311Kerr P., McFadden G. 2002. Immune responses to myxoma virus. Viral Immunol., 15: 229-246. https://doi.org/10.1089/08828240260066198Kerr P.J. 2012. Myxomatosis in Australia and Europe: a model for emerging infectious diseases. Antiviral Res., 93: 387-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.01.009Moss B. 2001. Poxviridae: The viruses and their replication. In: Fields B.N., Howley M.D., Griffin Ph.D., Lamb Ph.D., Martin M.D., Roizman B., Strauss M.D., Knipe Ph. D. (Eds.), Fields' virology, 4th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. PA, USA. pp. 2849-2883.OIE. 2107. Manual of Diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. Chapter 2.6.1. Myxomatosis(NB: Version adopted in May 2014).Silvers L., Inglis B., Labudovic A., Janssens P.A., van Leeuwen B.H., Kerr P.J. 2006. Virulence and pathogenesis of the MSW and MSD strains of Californian myxoma virus in European rabbits with genetic resistance to myxomatosis compared to rabbits with no genetic resistance. Virology, 348: 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.12.007Willer D.O., McFadden G., Evans D.H. 1999. The complete genome sequence of Shope (rabbit) fibroma virus. Virology, 264: 319-343. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1999.000