Comparison of efficacy Ephedrine and phenylephrine in Postoperative Vomiting in Cesarean section

Introduce: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) still is the most big problem event encountered in the PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit), despite advances in prevention and treatment. The incidence of PONV has remained high and has a major negative impact on patient satisfaction about the overall surgical experience. Method: In double-blind, clinical trial, 104 patients were undergoing cesarean section was randomizing into two groups: Group P (100μg Phenylephrine) and Group E (6μg Ephedrine). We compared the Vomiting parameters between the two groups. Result: Patients in the recovery were compared in 2 groups regarding occurrence of vomiting that no statistical difference between two group (P >0.05). The results show that vomiting was seen in ASA1, and in ASA2 no vomiting was observed. The incidence of vomiting was 2 patients in young group and 1 patient in middle-aged group. The incidence of vomiting was 2 patients in slim group, 1 in moderate group and no sign of vomiting has been seen in the obese group. Conclusion: We conclude that ephedrine is the best drug for antiemetic prophylaxis before cesarean surgery based on cost and lack of side effects

Photoassociation spectroscopy of a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

We report on the high resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of a $^{87}$Rb spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate to the $1_\mathrm{g} (P_{3/2}) v = 152$ excited molecular states. We demonstrate the use of spin dependent photoassociation to experimentally identify the molecular states and their corresponding initial scattering channel. These identifications are in excellent agreement with the eigenvalues of a hyperfine-rotational Hamiltonian. Using the observed spectra we estimate the change in scattering length and identify photoassociation laser light frequency ranges that maximize the change in the spin-dependent mean-field interaction energy.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Health information security in hospitals: The application of security safeguards

Introduction: A hospital information system has potentials to improve the accessibility of clinical information and the quality of health care. However, the use of this system has resulted in new challenges, such as concerns over health information security. This paper aims to assess the status of information security in terms of administrative, technical and physical safeguards in the university hospitals. Methods: This was a survey study in which the participants were information technology (IT) managers (n=36) who worked in the hospitals affiliated to the top ranked medical universities (university A and university B). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was examined by the experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined using Cronbach's coefficient alpha (α=0.75). Results: The results showed that the administrative safeguards were arranged at a medium level. In terms of the technical safeguards and the physical safeguards, the IT managers rated them at a strong level. Conclusion: According to the results, among three types of security safeguards, the administrative safeguards were assessed at the medium level. To improve it, developing security policies, implementing access control models and training users are recommended. ©2016 Esmaeil Mehraeen, Haleh Ayatollahi, Maryam Ahmadi

Nonlocal communication with photoinduced structures at the surface of a polymer film

Nonlocal communication between two laser light beams is experimented in a photochromic polymer thin films. Information exchange between the beams is mediated by the self-induction of a surface relief pattern. The exchanged information is related to the pitch and orientation of the grating. Both are determined by the incident beam. The process can be applied to experiment on a new kind of logic gates.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

In vitro evaluation of veneering composites and fibers on the color of fiber-reinforced composite restorations.

OBJECTIVE Color match between fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) restorations and teeth is an imperative factor in esthetic dentistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of veneering composites and fibers on the color change of FRC restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glass and polyethylene fibers were used to reinforce a direct microhybrid composite (Z250, 3M ESPE) and a microfilled composite (Gradia Indirect, GC). There were eight experimental groups (n=5 disks per group). Four groups were used as the controls (non-FRC control) and the others were used as experimental groups. CIELAB parameters (L*, a* and b*) of specimens were evaluated against a white background using a spectrophotometer to assess the color change. The color difference (ΔE*) and color coordinates were (L*, a* and b*) analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Both types of composite and fiber influenced the color parameters (ΔL*, Δa*). The incorporation of fibers into the composite in the experimental groups made them darker than the control groups, except in the Gradia Indirect+ glass fibers group. Δb* is affected by types of fibers only in direct fiber reinforced composite. No statistically significant differences were recognized in ΔE* among the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study suggest that the tested FRC restorations exhibited no difference in color in comparison with non-FRC restoration. Hence, the types of veneering composites and fibers did not influence the color change (ΔE*) of FRC restorations

Multistate polarization addressing using one single beam in an azo polymer film

Peculiar light-matter interactions can break the rule that a single beam polarization can address only two states in an optical memory device. Multistate storage of a single beam polarization is achieved using self-induced surface diffraction gratings in a photo-active polymer material. The grating orientation follows the incident light beam polarization direction. The permanent self-induced surface relief grating can be readout in real time using the same laser beam.Comment: 11 pages,3 figure