A Data Model to Manage Data for Water Resources Systems Modeling

Current practices to identify, organize, analyze, and serve data to water resources systems models are typically model and dataset-specific. Data are stored in different formats, described with different vocabularies, and require manual, model-specific, and time-intensive manipulations to find, organize, compare, and then serve to models. This paper presents the Water Management Data Model (WaMDaM) implemented in a relational database. WaMDaM uses contextual metadata, controlled vocabularies, and supporting software tools to organize and store water management data from multiple sources and models and allow users to more easily interact with its database. Five use cases use thirteen datasets and models focused in the Bear River Watershed, United States to show how a user can identify, compare, and choose from multiple types of data, networks, and scenario elements then serve data to models. The database design is flexible and scalable to accommodate new datasets, models, and associated components, attributes, scenarios, and metadata

First isolation and identification of Vibrio vulnificus (biotype 2) from cultured beluga, huso huso in Iran

By decreasing sturgeon stocks in the Caspian Sea, rearing different sturgeon species especially Huso huso was increased in Iran. Under stress conditions the sturgeon can easily be infected by several opportunistic pathogens. In June 2011, mortality happened in 25 - 28°C water temperature, in one of the most important cultured sturgeon farms in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. The mortality rate was 15%. The first clinical signs in moribund fish were lethargy and anorexia. A total of 20 moribund fish was transferred to a central laboratory for more bacteriological examination. Clinical signs including several deep ulcers on body surface, around the head, under operculum, ulcers at the base of the pectoral fins, hemorrhage around the anus, operculum, and pale gills were observed in moribund fish. The main internal signs were hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, liquid accumulation in the intestine and diffuse visceral hemorrhage. The results of morphology and microscopic characterizations and also biochemical tests indicated that Vibrio vulnificus (biotype 2) was the etiological agent of mortality in infected fish. This study was the first report of V. vulnificus in cultured H. huso in Iran

Ultrasonographic Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of the Foreign Body Complications in the Compound Stomach of Cattle and Buffaloes

This study was aimed to detect and record the clinical and ultrasonographic findings of the different complications resulted from the foreign bodies lodged in the compound stomach of cattle and buffaloes. A total of 105 animals (37 cattle and 68 buffaloes) were subjected to study. Based on the clinical and ultrasonographic examination, animals were classified into; acute local reticuloperitonitis (ALRP) (15 cattle and 28 buffaloes), chronic local reticuloperitonitis (CLRP) (6 cattle and 14 buffaloes), acute diffuse reticuloperitonitis (ADRP) (5 cattle and 3buffaloes), reticular abscesses (RA) (4 cattle and 7 buffaloes), traumatic pericarditis (TP) (6 cattle and16 buffaloes) and liver abscess (one cattle). Results revealed that ALRP represented the highest percentage of 40.5% in cattle and 41.2 % in buffalos between the different complications of TRP. TP represented the second complications of higher incidence (16.2% in cows and 23.5% in buffalos). Liver abscess represented the lowest percentage (2.8%) and was recorded in cows only. The pregnant animals were affected more than the non pregnant. Clinical findings represented in systemic reaction and pain tests were commonly encountered in TRP and its complications. Some of the affected animals were negatively respond to metal detector test. Results of the present study indicated that the ultrasonographic examination provide a specific echogenic pattern for the different complications of TRP. It was concluded that, clinical examination only is not efficient to give accurate diagnosis of foreign body lodged in the reticulum and rumen and their complications. Ultrasonography is a safe, non invasive diagnostic confirmatory method that could be used for early detection of such conditions

Exact αs\alpha _s Calculation of b→s+γb\rightarrow s + \gamma , \ b→s+gb\rightarrow s + g

We present an exact $\alpha_s$ calculation of the Wilson coefficients associated with the dipole moment operators. We also give an estimate of the branching ratio for $b\rightarrow s \gamma$. We find that higher dimensional effects are under control within $9\%$ for $BR(b\rightarrow s \gamma)=(4.3\pm 0.37 )\times 10^{-4}$.Comment: 12 pages (plain TeX), 2 postscript figures available upon request. UM-TH-93-20 , IP-ASTP-29-9

Implications of Data Sampling Resolution on Water Use Simulation, End-Use Disaggregation, And Demand Management

Understanding the tradeoff between the information of high-resolution water use data and the costs of smart meters to collect data with sub-minute resolution is crucial to inform smart meter networks. To explore this tradeoff, we first present STREaM, a STochastic Residential water End-use Model that generates synthetic water end-use time series with 10-s and progressively coarser sampling resolutions. Second, we apply a comparative framework to STREaM output and assess the impact of data sampling resolution on end-use disaggregation, post meter leak detection, peak demand estimation, data storage, and meter availability. Our findings show that increased sampling resolution allows more accurate end-use disaggregation, prompt water leakage detection, and accurate and timely estimates of peak demand. Simultaneously, data storage requirements and limited product availability mean most large-scale, commercial smart metering deployments sense data with hourly, daily, or coarser sampling frequencies. Overall, this work provides insights for further research and commercial deployment of smart water meters

A Static Optimality Transformation with Applications to Planar Point Location

Over the last decade, there have been several data structures that, given a planar subdivision and a probability distribution over the plane, provide a way for answering point location queries that is fine-tuned for the distribution. All these methods suffer from the requirement that the query distribution must be known in advance. We present a new data structure for point location queries in planar triangulations. Our structure is asymptotically as fast as the optimal structures, but it requires no prior information about the queries. This is a 2D analogue of the jump from Knuth's optimum binary search trees (discovered in 1971) to the splay trees of Sleator and Tarjan in 1985. While the former need to know the query distribution, the latter are statically optimal. This means that we can adapt to the query sequence and achieve the same asymptotic performance as an optimum static structure, without needing any additional information.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, a preliminary version appeared at SoCG 201

Antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of nisin Z and sodium benzoate in vacuum packed Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) fillet stored at 4°C

This study was done to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of nisin Z (0.02 %) and sodium benzoate (1.5 and 2.5 %) in vacuum packed Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii) fillet stored at 4°C. Microbial changes [aerobic plate counts (APC), psychrotrophic counts (PTC) and lactic acid bacteria] and chemical indices [peroxide value and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)] were determined in days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. Results showed that PV and TVB-N in control samples (the sample dipped in prechilled distilled water) were deteriorated after 12 days compared to preserved samples which were acceptable after 16 days. Microbial tests indicated that control samples contained APC and PTC bacteria in day 16 more than standard limit, whereas treatment samples were in the acceptable range. In case of lactic acid bacteria, after 16 days, all samples were in the acceptable range. Results of chemical and microbial analysis showed that simultaneous use of nisin Z and sodium benzoate could increase the shelf life of vacuum packed R. frisii

Ultrasonographic Characters of Uterine Myoma as Predictors for Successful Laparoscopic Myomectomy at Mansoura University Hospital

Background: Myomectomy is the surgical procedure of choice for symptomatic myoma in the reproductive age, especially if future fertility is desired. LM is the surgical removal of uterine myoma through small incisions in the abdomen. It is an appropriate, if not preferred, alternative to abdominal myomectomy in well-selected patients since it offers shorter hospitalization, short recovery period and resumption of activities within 1–2 weeks, reduced risk of blood transfusion, and intraoperative adhesions. Aim: The aim of the current study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of different ultrasonographic characters of uterine myoma in predicting success of laparoscopic myomectomy. Methods: The present study was prospective interventional study that was carried out on 35 cases with Chronic pelvic pain. All patients had radiological evaluation by TVS and TAS. All Laparoscopic myomectomies done under general anaesthesia. Outcomes included determining ultra-sonographic predictors for successful laparoscopic myomectomy as regards site, size, and character of Myoma, presence of capsule and line of separation around myoma. Results: The most common complain among the studied cases was bleeding followed by pain and lastly infertility. Regarding location, the most common site was posterior followed by fundal, then anterior and lastly at the cornu. Operative times, blood loss amount, method of extraction, need laparoscopic suturing, complications during surgery recovery and hospital stay after operation demonstrated significant relation with outcomes. Myoma characters, numbers and type demonstrated insignificant relation with outcomes. Conclusion: The current study concluded that, myoma characters, numbers and type could not be used as predictors for successful LM; outcomes. However, operative times, blood loss amount, complications during surgery recovery and hospital stay after operation were less in successful LM than in LAM; and laparoscopic suturing and morcellation have less time consumption and better results than LAM

Constraints on Masses of Charged PGBs in Technicolor Model from Decay b→sγ b \to s \gamma

In this paper we calculate the contributions to the branching ratio of $B\to X_s \gamma$ from the charged Pseudo-Goldstone bosons appeared in one generation Technicolor model. The current $CLEO$ experimental results can eliminate large part of the parameter space in the $m(P^\pm) - m(P_8^\pm)$ plane, and specifically, one can put a strong lower bound on the masses of color octet charged PGBs $P_8^\pm$: $m(P^{\pm}_8) > 400\;GeV$ at $90\%C.L$ for free $m(P^{\pm})$.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures(uuencoded), Minor changes(Type error), to appear in Phys. Rev.

Gauge Theories with Time Dependent Couplings and their Cosmological Duals

We consider the N=4 SYM theory in flat 3+1 dimensional spacetime with a time dependent coupling constant which vanishes at $t=0$, like $g_{YM}^2=t^p$. In an analogous quantum mechanics toy model we find that the response is singular. The energy diverges at $t=0$, for a generic state. In addition, if $p>1$ the phase of the wave function has a wildly oscillating behavior, which does not allow it to be continued past $t=0$. A similar effect would make the gauge theory singular as well, though nontrivial effects of renormalization could tame this singularity and allow a smooth continuation beyond $t=0$. The gravity dual in some cases is known to be a time dependent cosmology which exhibits a space-like singularity at $t=0$. Our results, if applicable in the gauge theory for the case of the vanishing coupling, imply that the singularity is a genuine sickness and does not admit a meaningful continuation. When the coupling remains non-zero and becomes small at $t=0$, the curvature in the bulk becomes of order the string scale. The gauge theory now admits a time evolution beyond this point. In this case, a finite amount of energy is produced which possibly thermalizes and leads to a black hole in the bulk.Comment: 45 pages, 1 figure; v2. minor modifications; v3: PRD version, conclusions in the field theory case significantly revised to include possible renormalization effects, quantum mechanics toy model unchanged, abstract and introduction revised, additional subsection 4.1 adde