"Minimal defence": a refinement of the preferred semantics for argumentation frameworks

Dung's abstract framework for argumentation enables a study of the interactions between arguments based solely on an ``attack'' binary relation on the set of arguments. Various ways to solve conflicts between contradictory pieces of information have been proposed in the context of argumentation, nonmonotonic reasoning or logic programming, and can be captured by appropriate semantics within Dung's framework. A common feature of these semantics is that one can always maximize in some sense the set of acceptable arguments. We propose in this paper to extend Dung's framework in order to allow for the representation of what we call ``restricted'' arguments: these arguments should only be used if absolutely necessary, that is, in order to support other arguments that would otherwise be defeated. We modify Dung's preferred semantics accordingly: a set of arguments becomes acceptable only if it contains a minimum of restricted arguments, for a maximum of unrestricted arguments.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Teneur en matières protéiques, en phosphore et en calcium, d'échantillons de farine, fabriquées à partir de trois clupéides du Sénégal (Ethmalosa fimbriata Bowdich, Sardinella eba C.V., Sardinella aurita C.V.)

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Alternatives to Neo-liberal Dictates in Higher Education: The Fight against Student Poverty

University students from low socioeconomic backgrounds in Australia face increasing levels of poverty, escalating course fees and associated costs, and are required to meet a myriad of conditions in order to obtain financial support, all within the Australian Government rhetoric of rights and responsibilities. This is despite a new program of Government scholarships and the existence of widespread university-level support schemes aimed at reducing student poverty. The proportion of students from low socioeconomic backgrounds who are enrolled at university has decreased, which raises concerns about a growing socioeconomic polarisation of Australian society. Current research in this area neglects the local-global link; unless student poverty is contextualised within the broader paradigm of neo-liberal globalisation, any action taken to combat it will be limited. By situating the micro-level experiences of student poverty within the current macro-level global political context, counter-movements can be better understood and enhanced, and alternatives can be developed. Through the example of a large-scale scholarships program for low-income students at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, this paper will highlight the link between the current global political climate and the micro-level experiences of student poverty. Alternatives to the current paradigm will be explored and developed through a holistic lens which brings into view the experiential as well as the global

Existence du type 9 du virus de la peste équine au Tchad

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Un foyer d'agalaxie contagieuse de la chèvre à Mycoplasma agalactiae au Sénégal

Un foyer d'agalaxie contagieuse de la chèvre survenu à environ 50 km de Dakar est décrit. La trilogie symptomatique: arthrites, mammites, kératites est observée accompagnée de taux de morbidité et de mortalité importants. La souche isolée appartient à l'espèce M. agalactiae. Ce cas est le premier rencontré au Sénégal. L'origine du contage est discuté