Response of wet forest butterflies to selective logging in Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: Implications for conservation

The butterfly fauna of an unlogged wet evergreen site in Kalakad–Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve was compared with that of an adjoining 30-year-old selectively logged site. Comparison of the vegetation structure of both sites showed that the canopy was less contiguous and the ground cover was higher in the logged site. Species richness, abundance, and diversity of butterflies were higher in the selectively logged site. Species abundance in both forests types fitted log series distribution, which indicates that only a small portion of the assemblage occur in high abundance. Examination of habitat usage by the butterflies showed that the logged forest harbored a greater number of ubiquitous species along with the wet forest assemblage. Few species like Idea malabarica showed restraint in logged site, while there was a release of few other species in logged site. Implications of these results for butterfly conservation are discussed

Breeding systems and pollination modes of understorey shrubs in a medium elevation wet evergreen forest, southern Western Ghats, India

This study on the reproductive biology and pollination modes of 22 species of understorey shrubs in 11 families was conducted in a medium elevation wet evergreen forest in the southern Western Ghats of India from 1994 to 1997. We evaluated whether this assemblage was predominantly outcrossing as in other tropical forests, and whether mating systems are related to pollination mode. We assessed whether species were hermaphrodites, dioecious or monecious. We assessed the breeding systems of each species with hand self pollinations. About 55% of the species produced small white and inconspicuous flowers. The majority of the flowers opened at dawn and was visited by diurnal pollinators. The proportion of dioecious and monoecious species was lower than for other tropical forests. Among the hermaphrodites, the majority had mixed mating systems. Therefore the overall levels of obligate outcrossers (37%) were low compared with other tropical forests. We recognized 7 pollination modes: social bees, solitary bees, diverse insects, flies, sunbird, sphingid moth and Xylocopa sp. Among these the social bees, flies and diverse insects visited more species than the other groups. Species pollinated by flies and diverse insects tended to be significantly more outcrossing than those pollinated by bees and other solitary pollinators

Bird, flowers and pollination ecology

The recent paper by Atluri et al.1 provides some interesting information on the pollination ecology of Helectresisora. Information on bird flowers, their visitors and their pollination ecology are few from the sub-continent and this paper is a welcome addition to our knowledge of such systems. However, there are a few major errors in the paper that need to be addressed. The most glaring of these is the identification of the bird pollinator. The authors refer toQuaker babbler (Alcippe poioicephala) as one of the pollinators, but according to Figure 1 d in the article, it appears that the bird is the white-headed babbler (Turdoises affinis). The two are very different birds. T. affinis is bigger with a broader bill that can closely fit an H.isora flower, while A. poioicephala is a small bird and its bill and forehead do not fit the flower as closely as T. affinis. Consequently, pollination efficiency may be different between the two species. Misidentification can have important implications when it comes to conservation and in no case should betaken lightly, especially when the pollinators can be identified by proper use of field guides

Rancang Bangun Modulator BPSK Untuk Komunikasi Citra Pada ITS-Sat

ITS-Sat merupakan satelit yang dirancang dan dibuat oleh mahasiswa Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). Salah satu subsistem payload satelit tersebut adalah modulator BPSK yang digunakan untuk pengiriman citra pada lintasan downlink dengan frekuensi downlink 2,4 GHz. Tugas Akhir ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan modulator BPSK yang bekerja pada frekuensi IF (Intermediate Frequency) dengan frekuensi 70 MHz dan baud rate 19200 baud. Modulator BPSK yang telah diimplementasikan memiliki dimensi 5 cm x 3,7 cm. Hasil pengujian dan pengukuran perangkat menunjukkan bahwa modulator BPSK mampu bekerja dengan kecepatan transmisi data 19200 baud pada frekuensi IF 70 MHz. Hasil ini sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan sebagai modulator BPSK pada payload satelit ITS-Sat

Environment Biological and Health Care Efforts Influenced of Lymfatic Filariasis Incidence, Sarmi Distric

District Sarmi is the most endemic area of filariasis in Papua which has rate of microfilaria (mf) (47.06%) up to the year2012. In the Province Papua filarial worm is Wuchereria bancrofti and is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito vectors. Lymphatic filariasis does not cause death, but in chronic cases it causes disability, psychosocial problems, stigma, and decreased productivity. This study was aimed to analyze environment biological and health care efforts that influence the incidence of lymphatic filariasis. This study used case-control method. Samples comprised 32 case samples (mf +) and 32 control samples (mf-). Primary data were collected through interviews and observation. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and continued with multivariate Logistic Regression. Statistical analysis obtained indicated two variables on the incidence of lymphatic filariasis limfatik in District Sarmi (health care efforts pvalue = 0.002, OR: 7.779, as well as the biological environment pvalue= 0.008, OR: 5.841). Significant variables were health services with sub-variables promotion, prevention and the environmental biology. Suggestion: Mosquito bites should be avoided, the vector should be controlled through mutual cooperation and health promotion should be implemented

Pengaruh Stress Kerja, Sikap dan Kecerdasan Emosional Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUD Kota surakarta

The purpose of this study was to significant effect analysis: 1) work stress to nurse performance in treatment installation room at ARea Public Hospital of Surakarta 2) work attitude to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. 3)emotional intellegence to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. 4) work stres, work attitude and emotional intellegence simultaneous to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. Appropriate objectives so this study was using survey method by quantitative approach. This research population was all of nurse in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. Sample was taking 65 nurses by using total sampling technique. The main data collection tool using a questionnaire what relate the questionnaire from Sutrisno (2014), Carter (2010), and Indrayani (2015) and tested for validity and reliability in order to qualify a good measuring tool. Analysis tools used to test this hypothesis using Multiplled Regresion Analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Results of this study concluded: 1) Work stress has negative influence to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. 2) Work attitude has positive influence to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. 3) Emotional intellegence has positive influence to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta. 4)work stres, work attitude, and emotional intellegence have an effect simultaneous to nurse performance in treatment installation room at Area Public Hospital of Surakarta

Disparitas Pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Narkotika

Conditions of punishment against the perpetrators of the crime of narcotics in general practice caused the disparity in the imposition of criminal punishment against narcotics. some narcotics criminal cases that have been Composed by a criminal court judge, a criminal cause disparities among different judges in deciding cases against the same. In addition to disparities that occur in sentences by fellow judges, the disparity also occurs between the the imposition of criminal prosecution. Concluded, first, punishment against perpetrators of narcotics under Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics in the court ruling could potentially lead to disparities in the criminal because the interval between the minimum criminal penalty provisions and open wide maximum criminal. Second, the factors that cause the disparity in the criminal narcotic crime, among others, is no operation of the SPP elements as appropriate, differences in philosophy espoused by each judge is different, the absence of sentencing guidelines for judges in imposing a criminal, an independent judiciary, and uncontrolled disparities in the criminal cases narcotic crime can be done in the most effective way is to establish a sentencing guidelines

Hubungan Kepadatan Lalu Lintas dengan Konsentrasi Cohb pada Masyarakat Berisiko Tinggi di Sepanjang Jalan Nasional Kota Semarang

Road transportation contributes significantly to pollution in urban areas. The more crowded the existing motor vehicle, the higher the pollution levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air. Exposure of pollutant gases such as CO in the blood (COHb) in humans will lead to a decrease in capacity of the blood to bind oxygen. This study aims to determine the relationship and influence of traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities along the national road of Semarang. This type of research is observational research with cross sectional approach. The population in this study was a 20 point national roads and citizens who perform activities along the national road. Samples from this study is the fifth street with the number of respondents as many as 29 people using quota sampling technique. The results of the study by Spearman rank test showed that there is a connection traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities in the national road of Semarang with (p = 0.0001, r = 0.629) and with linear regression test found no effect of traffic congestion ( p = 0.0001), air co levels (p = 0.04) and age (p = 0.009) with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities. The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship and influence of traffic density with COHb concentrations in high-risk communities. Suggestions in this research should be a routine check CO levels of air in the city of Semarang and the realignment of environmentally friendly commercial district

Implementation of the Indonesian Banking Architecture as a Blueprint of the Direction and Order of the National Banking System: Empirical Study of Indonesian Commercial Banking

This study aims to examine the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), earning assets, and liquidity against Return on Asset (ROA) in the conventional bank which has the biggest asset listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2006 to 2010. This research used time series data from Bank Indonesia's report and financial reports annually published by banking firms listed in IDX. After passing the purposive sampling, there were 27 conventional banks listed in IDX as sample in this study. By using multiple regression analysis (F-test), results showed that CAR, Non Performing Loan (NPL), and Non Performing Loan (NPL) collectively have significant influence on ROA. However, by using individual analysis (t-test), NPL has a negative and significant influence on ROA, while CAR and LDR have no significant influence on ROA