56,845 research outputs found
Identifying features predictive of faculty integrating computation into physics courses
Computation is a central aspect of 21st century physics practice; it is used
to model complicated systems, to simulate impossible experiments, and to
analyze mountains of data. Physics departments and their faculty are
increasingly recognizing the importance of teaching computation to their
students. We recently completed a national survey of faculty in physics
departments to understand the state of computational instruction and the
factors that underlie that instruction. The data collected from the faculty
responding to the survey included a variety of scales, binary questions, and
numerical responses. We then used Random Forest, a supervised learning
technique, to explore the factors that are most predictive of whether a faculty
member decides to include computation in their physics courses. We find that
experience using computation with students in their research, or lack thereof
and various personal beliefs to be most predictive of a faculty member having
experience teaching computation. Interestingly, we find demographic and
departmental factors to be less useful factors in our model. The results of
this study inform future efforts to promote greater integration of computation
into the physics curriculum as well as comment on the current state of
computational instruction across the United States
Absorbing-state phase transitions on percolating lattices
We study nonequilibrium phase transitions of reaction-diffusion systems
defined on randomly diluted lattices, focusing on the transition across the
lattice percolation threshold. To develop a theory for this transition, we
combine classical percolation theory with the properties of the supercritical
nonequilibrium system on a finite-size cluster. In the case of the contact
process, the interplay between geometric criticality due to percolation and
dynamical fluctuations of the nonequilibrium system leads to a new universality
class. The critical point is characterized by ultraslow activated dynamical
scaling and accompanied by strong Griffiths singularities. To confirm the
universality of this exotic scaling scenario we also study the generalized
contact process with several (symmetric) absorbing states, and we support our
theory by extensive Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 11 pages, 10 eps figures included, final version as publishe
Interface energies in Ising spin glasses
The replica method has been used to calculate the interface free energy
associated with the change from periodic to anti-periodic boundary conditions
in finite-dimensional spin glasses. At mean-field level the interface free
energy vanishes but after allowing for fluctuation effects, a non-zero
interface free energy is obtained which is significantly different from
numerical expectations.Comment: 4 pages. Minor changes and clarification
Comparison of spatial domain optimal trade-off maximum average correlation height (OT-MACH) filter with scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) using images with poor contrast and large illumination gradient
A spatial domain optimal trade-off Maximum Average Correlation Height (OT-MACH) filter has been previously developed and shown to have advantages over frequency domain implementations in that it can be made locally adaptive to spatial variations in the input image background clutter and normalised for local intensity changes. In this paper we compare the performance of the spatial domain (SPOT-MACH) filter to the widely applied data driven technique known as the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT). The SPOT-MACH filter is shown to provide more robust recognition performance than the SIFT technique for demanding images such as scenes in which there are large illumination gradients. The SIFT method depends on reliable local edge-based feature detection over large regions of the image plane which is compromised in some of the demanding images we examined for this work. The disadvantage of the SPOTMACH filter is its numerically intensive nature since it is template based and is implemented in the spatial domain. © (2015) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only
Removal of Spurious Admixture in a Self-consistent Theory of Adiabatic Large Amplitude Collective Motion
In this article we analyse, for a simple model, the properties of a practical
implementation of a fully self-consistent theory of adiabatic large-amplitude
collective motion using the local harmonic approach. We show how we can deal
with contaminations arising from spurious modes, caused by standard simplifying
approximations. This is done both at zero and finite angular momentum. We
analyse in detail the nature of the collective coordinate in regions where they
cross spurious modes and mixing is largest
Improvement of Shelf Life for Space Food Through a Hurdle Approach
The processed and prepackaged spaceflight food system is a critical human support system for manned space flights. As missions extend longer and farther from Earth over the next 20 years, strategies to stabilize the nutritional and sensory quality of food must be identified. For a mission to Mars, the space foods themselves must maintain quality for up to 5 years to align with cargo prepositioning scenarios. Optimizing the food system to achieve a 5-year shelf life mitigates the risk of an inadequate food system during extended missions. Because previous attempts to determine a singular pathway to a 5-year shelf life for food were unsuccessful, this investigation combines several approaches, based on science, technological advancement, and past empirical evidence, that will define the prepackaged food system for long duration missions. This study supports the Advanced Food Technology strategic planning process by identifying food processing, packaging, and storage technologies that will be required for exploration missions and the extent that they must be implemented to achieve a 5-year shelf life for the entire food system
Frontal fibrosing alopecia severity index (FFASI) : a validated scoring system for assessing frontal fibrosing alopecia
The incidence of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) appears to be increasing(1-6) and response to treatment has been largely disappointing(1-3) . However, assessment of treatment interventions is confounded by slow disease progression and lack of robust means of assessing disease severity and activity. To address the latter, we have developed a validated clinical scoring system - the FFA severity index (FFASI), which provides a standardised framework for FFA assessment and patient
Andean Land Use And Biodiversity: Humanized Landscapes In A Time Of Change
Some landscapes Cannot be understood without reference., to the kinds. degrees, kinds, degrees, and history of human-caused modifications to the Earth's surface. The tropical latitudes of the Andes represent one such place, with agricultural land-use systems appearing in the Early Holocene. Current land use includes both intensive and extensive grazing and crop- or tree-based agricultural systems found across virtually the, entire range of possible elevations and humidity regimes. Biodiversity found in or adjacent to such humanized landscapes will have been altered in abundance. composition, and distribution in relation to the resiliency of the native Species to harvest, hold cover modifications, and other deliberate or inadvertent human land uses. In addition, the geometries of land cover, resulting flout difference among the shapes, sizes, connectivities, and physical structures of the patches, corridors, and matrices that compose landscape mosaics, will constrain biodiversity, often in predictable ways. This article proposes a conceptual model that alter ins that the Continued persistence of native species may depend as much oil the shifting Of Andean landscape mosaics as on species characteristics, themselves. Furthermore, mountains such as the Andes display long gradients of environmental Conditions that after in relation to latitude, soil moisture, aspect, and elevation. Global environmental change will shift these, especially temperature and humidity regimes along elevational gradients, causing Changes outside the historical range of variation for some species. Both land-use systems and Conservation efforts will need to respond spatially to these shifts in the future, at both landscape and regional scales.Geography and the Environmen
Is Agricultural Policy Decoupling against Human Nature? Experimental Evidence of Fairness Expectations’ Contributions to Payment Incidence
The objective of this research is to measure individuals’ fairness expectations and relate them to their market behavior in a private-negotiation institution. By doing this, we may inform model parameterization of field data and increase understanding of payment incidence causation. We hypothesize agents will change both their market and UG behavior when the tenant/proposer receives a subsidy following a successful negotiation. We also hypothesize that agents’ market behavior does relate to their fairness expectations in the UG. Two economic experiments were developed to test our hypotheses, a market and an ultimatum bargaining game experiment. We recruited 106 undergraduate students and conducted the experiments in an experimental laboratory using a computer based market mechanism. Our findings suggest fairness expectations need to be considered as a possible constraint on agents’ profit maximization behavior in land markets. The experimental evidence indicates market sellers or landlords demand higher land rental prices when tenants receive per-unit subsidies. Their ability to obtain a higher price appears to be more formidable in markets with limited matching opportunities. We conclude fairness expectations may constrain individuals’ profit-maximization behavior in the land market and, in turn, affect payment incidence in this market.Agricultural and Food Policy,
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