Controlling Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat poultry products using carboxymethylcellulose film coatings containing green tea extract (GTE) combined with nisin and malic acid

The ability to control Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat poultry products using carboxymethyl-cellulose film coatings containing green tea extract (GTE), malic acid (M), nisin (N), and their combinations was evaluated. The antimicrobials (GTE: 1.0%, nisin: 10,000 IU/g, malic acid: 1.0%) were incorporated alone or in combination into a carboxymethyl cellulose film coating. Pre-inoculated, fully cooked chicken pieces (~1g, 1cm x 1cm x 1cm) were coated with the film solution. The coated chicken pieces were stored at 4°C and the inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The highest inhibitory activity was found in the sample containing GTE, nisin, and malic acid in combination with a reduction of 3.3 log CFU/mL. These data demonstrate that GTE—combined with nisin and malic acid and incorporated into a carboxymethyl-cellulose film coating, multiple-hurdle technology—is effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes growth on fully cooked chicken pieces at 4°C. Research in the area of finding natural antimicrobials to aid in the prevention of food-borne illnesses is necessary to improve safety and shelf life of products such as ready-to-eat meats. This project provides an effective combination of natural anti-microbials to control L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat chicken pieces

Resistance of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae to Neutrophils

Infection with the human-specific bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae triggers a potent, local inflammatory response driven by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils or PMNs). PMNs are terminally differentiated phagocytic cells that are a vital component of the host innate immune response and are the first responders to bacterial and fungal infections. PMNs possess a diverse arsenal of components to combat microorganisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species and release of degradative enzymes and antimicrobial peptides. Despite numerous PMNs at the site of gonococcal infection, N. gonorrhoeae can be cultured from the PMN-rich exudates of individuals with acute gonorrhea, indicating that some bacteria resist killing by neutrophils. The contribution of PMNs to gonorrheal pathogenesis has been modeled in vivo by human male urethral challenge and murine female genital inoculation and in vitro using isolated primary PMNs or PMN-derived cell lines. These systems reveal that some gonococci survive and replicate within PMNs and suggest that gonococci defend themselves against PMNs in two ways: they express virulence factors that defend against PMNs’ oxidative and non-oxidative antimicrobial components, and they modulate the ability of PMNs to phagocytose gonococci and to release antimicrobial components. In this review, we will highlight the varied and complementary approaches used by N. gonorrhoeae to resist clearance by human PMNs, with an emphasis on gonococcal gene products that modulate bacterial-PMN interactions. Understanding how some gonococci survive exposure to PMNs will help guide future initiatives for combating gonorrheal disease

Integrating Principles for Choreographic Evaluation into Education: One Proposed Model for Dropout Prevention

This research proposes a model that represents a synthesis of various choreographic evaluation principles and education reform curricula. Considering key concepts within education reform and arts education, this model attempts to provide insight on how choreographic pedagogy could possibly enhance student motivation, the needs of students at risk of dropping out, the curricular goals of reformation, and how choreographic pedagogy meets these goals. Through qualitative research, points of connection have been made between curricula specifically designed for efforts of reformation and the choreographic evaluation process used in the dance classroom. Together, reformation practices such as the Nine Principles of Coalition Schools, Constructivism, and various modes of choreographic evaluation have been combined to create this synthesis. When analyzing the principles emphasized in each of these concepts, one can see the overlap of ideas in the delivery of content, instructional methods, and teacher and student roles. The delivery of content and student and teacher roles described in authentic and relevant assignments are the central ideas of the model, combining ideas from critical evaluation in the dance classroom and a dropout prevention curriculum. The potential use of this model is two-fold: education reformers may implement this into the curriculum as means to reach students at-risk of dropping out, and dance advocates may find it to be of use when promoting the benefits that dance education can offer students

Inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes by soy-protein edible film containing grape seed extract, nisin, and malic acid

The frequent outbreaks of food-borne illness necessitate development of intervention strategies, including the use of natural antimicrobials. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that recently has caused a significant number of outbreaks. With the aim of finding potent natural agents that can minimize pathogen contamination concerns, this study evaluated the inhibitory activities against L. monocytogenes of grape seed extract (GSE), malic acid (M), nisin (N), and combinations thereof incorporated into soy-protein edible films. Soyprotein films with/without addition of antimicrobial agents (GSE: 1%, Nisin: 10,000 IU/g, Malic acid: 1%, and their combinations) were prepared and evaluated for anti-listerial activities. The highest inhibitory activity after 1 h incubation at 25°C was found in the treatment containing GSE, nisin, and malic acid, which produced reductions of log 3.7 colony-forming units (CFU)/ ml as compared to control film without the addition of antimicrobial agents. These data demonstrated that the GSE, nisin, and malic acid combination incorporated into soy-protein edible films is very effective in inhibiting L. monocytogenes growth at 25°C and has potential for applications on a variety of food products to help prevent L. monocytogenes contamination and growth

Convergent Evolution of Brain Morphology and Communication Modalities in Lizards

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modality is generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a modality. We investigated relationships between the behavioral use of communication modalities and neural morphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species (Anolis carolinensis and Leiocephalus carinatus) primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two (Aspidoscelis gularis and Scincella lateralis) communicate and forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species (Hemidactylus turcicus and Sceloporus olivaceus) use both visual and chemical signals. For each species, we performed behavioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and measured the soma size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors (the lateral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus) and one region associated with chemical behaviors (the nucleus sphericus). With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that performed higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chemical displays had larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with similar communication behaviors

Bilateral Comparison of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Thickness in Division I Baseball Athletes

It has been established the mechanics of throwing a baseball contributes to ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury because of the repetitive valgus stress on the anterior band of the UCL, as it is the primary stabilizer of valgus stress in the elbow. This repetitive stress has been shown to cause adaptations in tensile properties leading to damage or failure of the UCL. Previous research has shown that ultrasound imaging may have the ability to detect changes in the UCL before the onset of symptoms in pitchers. PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare bilateral UCL thickness in Division I baseball players. METHODS: 22 Division I baseball players from the same university participated in this study. The players were separated into two groups based on position: pitchers (n=11; 190.9 ± 7.8 cm; 92.3 ± 11.2 kg) and position players (n=11; 184.6 ± 7.0 cm; 85.9 ± 10.8 kg). Ultrasound imaging was captured bilaterally on the players’ elbows using B-mode ultrasonography (LOGIQ, GE Healthcare). Players were tested seated in a reclined position with the arm resting on a plinth, shoulder abducted 90o, elbow extended 150o, and with forearm in a supinated position. The midpoint thickness of the UCL was measured in millimeters using ImageJ (National Institute of Health). The difference between throwing arm and non-throwing arm UCL thickness was calculated as ‘UCL Dif’. A two-way mixed factor ANOVA (position [pitcher vs position player] x arm [throwing arm and non-throwing arm]) was used to analyse UCL thickness. RESULTS:[BD1] There was no position x arm interaction (p=0.735); however, there were significant main effects for position (p = 0.003) and arm (p ≤ 0.001). When collapsed by position, UCL thickness was significantly greater in the throwing arm compared to the non-throwing arm (0.621 ± 0.008 mm vs. 0.581 ± 0.008 mm). When collapsed across arms, pitchers had significantly greater throwing arm UCL thickness compared to position players (0.618 ± 0.008 vs. 0.518 ± 0.008). CONCLUSION: The UCL thickness in pitchers’ throwing elbow was greater compared to position players. The greater UCL thickness in the throwing arm appears to be an adaptive change to the repetitive stress during a pitch. We believe the known relationships between UCL thickness, player position, and arm dominance can be best explained by positional demands and throwing style

Understanding the Acceptability and Effect of Psychiatric Care via Telemedicine as an Alternative Option for Patients Living with Intellectual Disabilities in Group Homes

Telemedicine has become a popular alternative to in-person clinic visits in the field of psychiatry, but few studies examine the impact of telemedicine mental healthcare provided to patients with intellectual disabilities living in group homes. Our study aims to fill this gap in the literature. A ten-question survey was designed to evaluate the effect of telemedicine services on access to care, quality of care, and patient and caregiver stress. This survey was distributed to caregivers of patients living in group homes who received care at the University of Alabama Medical Center. The majority of respondents indicated that telemedicine visits improved access to care, did not result in lower quality care compared to in-person visits, and adequately addressed the needs of the patient. Our findings suggest that telemedicine is an acceptable method of delivery of healthcare for a significant proportion of caregivers of patients surveyed

Pump Pulse Bandwidth-Activated Nonlinear Phononic Coupling in CdWO4_4

To control structure-function relationships in solids with light, we must harness the shape of the potential energy surface, as expressed in anharmonic coupling coefficients. We use two-dimensional terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to identify trilinear coupling between sets of vibrational modes in CdWO$_4$. It is generally understood that efficient trilinear coupling occurs when the frequencies of two coupled modes add or subtract to the frequency of the third mode. Interestingly, we observe that this condition is not necessary: the THz driving-pulse itself can activate the coupling by contributing broad frequency content to the initial motion of the excited modes. Understanding that the bandwidth of the driving force can activate energy-flow pathways has broad implications for coherent control of collective modes using intense THz light pulses.Comment: 27 Pages, 15 Figure

Implementation-effectiveness trial of an ecological intervention for physical activity in ethnically diverse low income senior centers.

BackgroundAs the US population ages, there is an increasing need for evidence based, peer-led physical activity programs, particularly in ethnically diverse, low income senior centers where access is limited.Methods/designThe Peer Empowerment Program 4 Physical Activity' (PEP4PA) is a hybrid Type II implementation-effectiveness trial that is a peer-led physical activity (PA) intervention based on the ecological model of behavior change. The initial phase is a cluster randomized control trial randomized to either a peer-led PA intervention or usual center programming. After 18 months, the intervention sites are further randomized to continued support or no support for another 6 months. This study will be conducted at twelve senior centers in San Diego County in low income, diverse communities. In the intervention sites, 24 peer health coaches and 408 adults, aged 50 years and older, are invited to participate. Peer health coaches receive training and support and utilize a tablet computer for delivery and tracking. There are several levels of intervention. Individual components include pedometers, step goals, counseling, and feedback charts. Interpersonal components include group walks, group sharing and health tips, and monthly celebrations. Community components include review of PA resources, walkability audit, sustainability plan, and streetscape improvements. The primary outcome of interest is intensity and location of PA minutes per day, measured every 6 months by wrist and hip accelerometers and GPS devices. Secondary outcomes include blood pressure, physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Implementation measures include appropriateness & acceptability (perceived and actual fit), adoption & penetration (reach), fidelity (quantity & quality of intervention delivered), acceptability (satisfaction), costs, and sustainability.DiscussionUsing a peer led implementation strategy to deliver a multi-level community based PA program can enhance program adoption, implementation, and sustainment.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, USA ( NCT02405325 ). Date of registration, March 20, 2015. This website also contains all items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set