Desegregating HRM: A Review and Synthesis of Micro and Macro Human Resource Management Research

Since the early 1980’s the field of HRM has seen the independent evolution of two independent subfields (strategic and functional), which we believe is dysfunctional to the field as a whole. We propose a typology of HRM research based on two dimensions: Level of analysis (individual/ group or organization) and number of practices (single or multiple). We use this framework to review the recent research in each of the four sub-areas. We argue that while significant progress has been made within each area, the potential for greater gains exists by looking across each area. Toward this end we suggest some future research directions based on a more integrative view of HRM. We believe that both areas can contribute significantly to each other resulting in a more profound impact on the field of HRM than each can contribute independently

Neutrino nuclear response and photo nuclear reaction

Photo nuclear reactions are shown to be used for studying neutrino/weak nuclear responses involved in astro-neutrino nuclear interactions and double beta decays. Charged current weak responses for ground and excited states are studied by using photo nuclear reactions through isobaric analog states of those states, while neutral current weak responses for excited states are studied by using photo nuclear reactions through the excited states. The weak interaction strengths are studied by measuring the cross sections of the photo nuclear reactions, and the spin and parity of the state are studied by measuring angular correlations of particles emitted from the photo nuclear reactions. Medium-energy polarized photons obtained from laser photons scattered off GeV electrons are very useful. Nuclear responses studied by photo nuclear reactions are used to evaluate neutrino/weak nuclear responses, i.e. nuclear beta and double beta matrix elements and neutrino nuclear interactions, and to verify theoretical calculations for them.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Executive Withdrawal and Performance

This research examines the influence of job satisfaction and three dimensions of organizational commitment (i.e., affective, continuance, and normative) on the intention to leave, job search activity, performance, and leadership effectiveness of executives. Job satisfaction and the commitment dimensions were hypothesized to negatively predict the retention-related variables. Results generally supported the hypotheses. Job satisfaction had the strongest relationship, but both affective and continuance commitment showed an incremental effect even in the presence of job satisfaction. We also hypothesized that job satisfaction and affective commitment would positively and continuance commitment would negatively associate with general performance and leadership. As predicted, job satisfaction associated positively with performance, though not with leadership. Continuance commitment negatively associated with both performance and leadership

Insincerity and Depravity Get Noticed

Previous studies have shown that people use environmental cues to identify the intentions of others with whom they interact. This study sought to examine how an observer’s incidental memory for strangers was influenced by the emotional expression displayed by the stranger as well as the type of action in which the stranger was involved. Incidental memory was assessed using a memory task that first asked observers to view a series of faces (“targets”) that were each paired with an action. Later, observers were asked if they recognized previously viewed targets amongst novel targets. Incidental memory tasks are used to investigate whether or not observers (a) recognize where they had seen targets that they had been exposed to earlier (a.k.a. source memory) and (b) recognize the details that are idiosyncratic to a given target (e.g., facial expression, behavior within their environment, etc.). Overall, as expected in an incidental memory task, observers displayed a source memory advantage for novel targets that were not originally presented. Inconsistent with previous research, observers’ memory for the targets was not greatly impacted by the nature of the activity that they were involved in during the early phase of the experiment (e.g., deed or misdeed). However, the emotional expression displayed by the target did have a substantial influence on the observer’s ability to recognize the target. Specifically, observers recognized targets the best when they had been previously seen displaying negative emotions. In addition, although prior research suggests that individuals who perform good deeds are not readily recognized relative to those who perform bad deeds, observers were far superior at recognizing targets that performed good deeds but that also expressed negative emotions. The inconsistency between the target’s emotional expression and action may have strengthened the observer’s representation of the target, suggesting that observers may be more sensitive to the actions performed by others if ill-intentions are perceived through their emotional displays

Harmonizing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Transportation and Land-Use Planning in California Cities

Abstract: Recent extreme weather events in California—wildfires, drought, and flooding—make abundantly clear the need to plan effective responses to both the causes and the consequences of climate change. A central challenge for climate planning efforts has been identifying transportation and land-use (TLU) strategies that simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions (“mitigation”) and adapt communities so that they will be less affected by the adverse impacts of climate change (“adaptation”). Sets of policies that collectively address both mitigation and adaptation are known as “integrated actions.” This study explores municipal climate planning in California to determine whether cities incorporate integrated actions into their plans, assess the potential drivers of conflict between mitigation and adaptation in municipal plans, and identify ways the State of California can help cities more effectively incorporate integrated actions. The study methods consisted of a detailed analysis of climate planning documents from 23 California cities with particularly long histories of climate planning, plus interviews with 25 local, regional, and state officials who work on municipal climate planning. The authors found that some cities did adopt packages of integrated actions, and, promisingly, two cities with recently updated climate plans explicitly focused on the need for integrated actions. However, most cities addressed climate mitigation and adaptation in separate efforts, potentially reducing synergies between the two types of action and even creating conflicts. Since the first generation of climate action plans focused primarily on mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), adaptation strategies have not yet been effectively or fully combined into mitigation plans in many cities. Also, a cross-comparison of plan content and interview data suggests that cities often had sets of policies that could potentially create conflicts—mitigation policies that would undermine adaptation capacity, and vice versa. In addition, where a city did adopt integrated actions, these efforts are typically not labeled as such, nor do the policies appear within the same policy document. The study findings suggest promising steps that both municipal and state governments can take to support integrated TLU actions at the local level. For example, cities can proactively link the content in climate mitigation and adaptation plans—a process that will require building the capacity for cross-collaboration between the various departments in charge of developing, implementing, and monitoring climate-related plans. As for the state government, it can provide funding specifically for planning and implementing integrated actions, offer technical support to help municipalities adopt programs and projects that produce integrated mitigation and adaptation benefits, and fund research in the area of integrated actions

Neutron inelastic scattering in natural Cu as a background in neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments

Experiments designed to study rare processes, such as neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), are crucial tests for physics beyond the standard model. These experiments rely on reducing the intrinsic radioactive background to unprecedented levels, while adequately shielding the detectors from external sources of radioactivity. An understanding of the potential for neutron excitation of the shielding and detector materials is important for obtaining this level of sensitivity. Using the broad-spectrum neutron beam at LANSCE, we have measured inelastic neutron scattering on $^{nat}$Cu. The goal of this work is focused on understanding the background rates from neutrons interacting in these materials in regions around the Q-values of many candidate $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay isotopes, as well as providing data for benchmarking Monte Carlo simulations of background events. Results: We extracted the level cross sections from the $\gamma$ production cross section for 46 energy levels in $^{nat}$Cu . These level cross sections were compared with the available experimental data, as well as the ENDF/B-VII evaluation for discrete levels. We also examined the potential implications of our measurements on $0\nu\beta\beta$ measurements and found that many of the commonly studied $0\nu\beta\beta$ isotopes had Q-values below the cutoff for ENDF/B-VII evaluated discrete levels in either Cu nucleus.Comment: 15 pages, 18 figure

Energy balance in a low pressure capacitive discharge driven by a double-saddle antenna

A radio frequency (rf) plasma is created at low pressure (∼1 mTorr) in the source tube of a “helicon” excited diffusion system in the absence of a dc magnetic field. The coupling is capacitive for the low source power of 160 W at 13.56 MHz considered here. Temperature measurements of the glass source tube yield a plasma power deposition of ∼35 W. The plasma parameters (density, potential, electron temperature) were measured using a retarding field energy analyzer. An analytical model based on the measuredplasma parameters and on additional external parameters measured in the matching box (rf voltages and phase, rf current) is developed. The model takes into account the geometry of the double saddle rf antenna. It is found that the inside of the glass wall adjacent to the antenna wire charges negatively. Ion acceleration into the glass along the antenna and fast electrons escaping the plasma account for most of the power deposition to the walls (∼16.8 W). Secondary electrons liberated by ions impinging onto the glass along the antenna contribute a power of ∼4.6 W. Adding the power of 3.7 W deposited to the part of the tube not affected by the antenna, the total power deposition responsible for the temperature rise of the tube is found to be about 25 W. The model shows that the power deposition is strongly nonuniform along the tube as a result of the antenna geometry. An estimate of the power deposited into the electrons by stochastic heating yields ∼1.4 W, compared to an estimate of 5.8 W for the measured power loss from electrons