Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Burkina Faso

Because data from countries in Africa are limited, we measured the proportion of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) cases among TB patients in Burkina Faso for whom retreatment was failing. Of 34 patients with multidrug-resistant TB, 2 had an XDR TB strain. Second-line TB drugs should be strictly controlled to prevent further XDR TB increase

Antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary tract infections in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Objective: To determine the frequency of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) and other antibioticsresistant bacteria in urinary tract isolates.Study Design: prospective and experimental study.Methodology: Place and duration of study :YalgadoOuedraogo University Hospital Center, Charles De Gaulle Pediatric Hospital Center, Saint Camille Hospital and National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou, from November 2014 to October 2015.AllEnterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from urinary samples of patients were identifiedusing API 20E chemical gallery (BioMerieux, France). All strains were subjected to an array of 14 antibiotics to study their drug susceptibility by using Kirby- Baeurdisk diffusion method. Detection of ESBL was carried out by double disk diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed by Microsoft Excel and Anova one-way GrapPad Prism version 5.01. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine significance. A p˂ 0.05was considered to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 324 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified during the study period, including211(65%) E. coli, 75 (23%)Klebsiella spp., 18 (6%) Enterobacter spp., 11 (3%)Proteus spp., 5 (2%) Citrobacter spp., Serratia spp. 3 (1%).All the clinical isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Resistance to amikacinwas 14% (45/324); gentamicin 54% (175/324); tobramycin 58% (187/324); nalidixic acid 72% (234/324),ciprofloxacin 63% (204/324) and to cotrimoxazole 83% (269/324).The overall rate of the EBSL producing strains was 35% (114/324). Their susceptibility to antibiotics was (imipenem,amikacin, cefoxitin and fosfomycin) 100% (114/114), 93% (106/114), 74% (84/114) and 84% (96/114) respectively. ESBL positivity within individual organism group was highest inEscherichia coli 64% (73/324) followed byKlebsiellaspp. 28% (32/324), Enterobacterspp. 3% (4/324), Proteus spp. and Citrobacterspp. 2% (2/324).Conclusion: The results showeda high frequency of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiellaspp. The data points to theneed of routine detection and surveillance of ESBL producing bacteria in Burkina Faso.Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility, Enterobacteriaceae, Urine, Burkina Fas

Simulation of Electrical Characteristics of a Solar Panel

The fast-growing photovoltaic system market leads to the necessity of the informed choice of major energy components and optimization of operating conditions in order to improve energy efficiency. Development of mathematical models of the main components of photovoltaic systems to ensure their comprehensive study is an urgent problem of improving and practical using of the technology of electrical energy production. The paper presents a mathematical model of the solar module implemented in the popular software MATLAB/Simulink. Equivalent circuit of the solar cell with a diode parallel without derived resistance is used for modelling. The serie8s resistance of the solar module is calculated by Newton's iterative method using the data of its technical specifications. It ensures high precision of simulation. Model validity was evaluated by the well-known technical characteristics of the module Solarex MSX 60. The calculation results of the experiment showed that the obtained current-voltage and current-watt characteristics of the model are compatible with those of the manufacturer

Inhospital outcome of elderly patients in an intensive care unit in a Sub-Saharan hospital

Abstract Background In Burkina Faso, demographics are changing and we are seeing a growing prevalence of older patients in intensive care units. Elderly people have increased health care needs but there is a lack of geriatric specialists. This study aimed to analyze in-hospital outcome of patients aged over 65 years, admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Yalgado Hospital. Methods We carried out a 5-year retrospective study in the ICU of Yalgado Ouédraogo Hospital. Elderly patients with completed records were included. Baseline characteristics, clinical and outcome were analyzed. Results Two thousand one hundred sixteen patients were admitted to ICU, 237 (11.2%) of whom were included. There were 70 females and 167 males. The median age was 71.7 ± 6.1 years. The overall mortality rate in ICU was 73%, of whom 90% died within 7 days after admission. In multivariate analysis, shock (Odds Ratio: OR = 2.2, p = 0.002), severe brain trauma (OR; 9.6, p = 0.002), coma (OR 5.8 p < 0.003), surgical condition (OR = 4.2, p = 0.003), ASAPS Score ≥ 8 (OR = 4.3, p = 0.001), complication occurring (OR = 5.2, p = 0.001) and stroke (OR = 3.7, p = 0.001) were independent factors. Conclusion Elderly patients were frequent in ICU and their mortality rate was high. Stroke, severe brain trauma, surgery, complications occurring during hospitalization were independent risk factors of death

Short communication: Impact of long-term (14 years) bi-annual ivermectin treatment on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia

Ivermectin has been and continues to be extensively used to control onchocerciasis in areas of hyper and mesoendemicity within the African Programme of Onchocerciasis Control. As programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti expand, areas of coendemicity with onchocerciasis will be incorporated into LF programmes. This study reports that in villages which were hyperendemic for onchocerciasis after some 14 years of treatment with ivermectin, no W. bancrofti could be detected in a population of 1210 individuals whilst in adjacent villages a prevalence of around 3% was found. Despite the long period of ivermectin treatment Mansonella perstans did not appear to respond to ivermectin in this setting

Ecologie bactérienne génitale au dernier trimestre de la grossesse et risque d'infection périnatale

No Abstract Available J. Rech. Sci. Univ. Lomé (Togo) 2002, 6(2) : 181-18

Diverticulite de Meckel causée par des grains de Raisin sauvage: à propos d’un cas

Le diverticule de Meckel est l’anomalie congénitale la plus fréquente du tractus  gastro-intestinal. Son inflammation est due dans certains cas à un corps étranger. Nous rapportons un cas de diverticulite de Meckel occasionné par des  phytobézoards. L’objectif est de décrire les circonstances diagnostiques et notre prise en charge. Il s’agissait d’un patient de 16 ans reçu pour une douleur  abdominale associée à des vomissements et une constipation évoluant depuis trois jours dans un contexte fébrile. L’examen avait noté une température à 39°4 C ; une douleur et une défense de la fosse iliaque droite. La biologie avait noté une  hyperleucocytose et l’échographie avait suspecté une appendicite aiguë. En urgence, la laparotomie avait mis en évidence un appendice sain et un diverticule de Meckel gangrené et perforé qui contenait comme le grêle de nombreux grains de raisins. Nous avons réalisé une résection du grêle emportant le diverticule, une évacuation des phytobézoards puis une suture iléo-iléale immédiate. La  diverticulite de Meckel est rare. Elle simule souvent une appendicite aiguë et peut être favorisée par l’ingestion de grains de raisins sauvages. Le traitement chirurgical doit être précoce.Mots clés : Diverticule de Meckel – phytobézoards – résection intestinale. Meckel diverticulum is the most frequent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Its inflammation is due in some cases to a foreign body. We report a case of Meckel diverticulitis caused by phytobezoars. The aim was to describe the  diagnostic circumstances and our support. 16 year old patient received for  abdominal pain associated with vomiting and constipation  lasting three days with fever. The review noted a temperature at 39.4°C; pain and defense of the right iliac pit. Biology noted leukocytosis and ultrasonography had suspected acute appendicitis. In emergency laparotomy was revealed a healthy appendix and  Meckel's diverticulum gangrenous and perforated containing as many small wild grapes. We performed a resection of the small intestine carrying the diverticulum, an evacuation of phytobezoars then an immediate ileal suture. Diverticulitis Meckel is rare. It simulates often an acute appendicitis and can be promoted by ingestion of wild grapes. Surgical treatment must be early.Key words: Meckel's diverticulum - phytobezoars - bowel resection