Mothers’ experience of having children with diabetes

Abstract Background: Diabetes is a major health problem, which has a wide prevalence in the world. There is no sign of its stopping, but it is increasing. Diabetes in children is three to four times more common than other childhood diseases. Diagnosis of diabetes for children causes emotional responses in parents and family members. Interventions for children with diabetes involve the family, child, and professionals including physicians, nurses, and nutritionist. Self-care is difficult without direct parents’ participation. According to studies, burden of diabetes for mothers is more than for fathers. This study aimed to explore mothers’ experience of children with diabetes. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative content analysis. Study population was recruited through purposeful sampling. Eleven mothers who have a child with diabetes and referring to the “Glands and Metabolism Research Center” and “Al-Zahra Hospital” were selected. Participants were aged 28 to 42 years. Data gathering was done through deep interviews with participants in 2007 that was tape-recorded. Mean average of interviews was 45 minutes. Data analysis was done using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants’ experience was classified in the two main concepts including reaction at the time of diagnosis and disease consequences for mothers. Conclusion: Mothers of children with diabetes expressed some reactions at the time of diagnosis, which was mainly due to lack of information, and lack of attention to their needs at the time of diagnosis, especially it was due to the sudden diagnosis and lack of enough opportunities for mothers to accept the disease. The disease causes some consequences for mothers that affect their lives. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the needs of families of children with diabetes and to provide support and sufficient information about their child’s illness for them

Oblique projection for scalable rank-adaptive reduced-order modeling of nonlinear stochastic PDEs with time-dependent bases

Time-dependent basis reduced order models (TDB ROMs) have successfully been used for approximating the solution to nonlinear stochastic partial differential equations (PDEs). For many practical problems of interest, discretizing these PDEs results in massive matrix differential equations (MDEs) that are too expensive to solve using conventional methods. While TDB ROMs have the potential to significantly reduce this computational burden, they still suffer from the following challenges: (i) inefficient for general nonlinearities, (ii) intrusive implementation, (iii) ill-conditioned in the presence of small singular values, and (iv) error accumulation due to fixed rank. To this end, we present a scalable method based on oblique projections for solving TDB ROMs that is computationally efficient, minimally intrusive, robust in the presence of small singular values, rank-adaptive, and highly parallelizable. These favorable properties are achieved via low-rank approximation of the time discrete MDE. Using the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM), a low-rank decomposition is computed at each iteration of the time stepping scheme, enabling a near-optimal approximation at a fraction of the cost. We coin the new approach TDB-CUR since it is equivalent to a CUR decomposition based on sparse row and column samples of the MDE. We also propose a rank-adaptive procedure to control the error on-the-fly. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the new method for a diverse set of problems

Evaluation of quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery using controlled clinical trial

Quality of life has emerged as an important concept and outcome in health and health care. This study was performed to evaluate the ability of the health education program to improve quality of life of patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In pre operation period, 70 patients were randomized in two groups, experimental and control group (35 patients in each). The demographic information, SF-36 and Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire were administered before surgery to all patients. Patients in the experimental group received the educational intervention according to Mico's education planning model. These patients were followed up to 1-month. At result, SF-36, Nottingham Health Profile questionnaires were administered 1-month after education by patients again. Significant improvements in quality of life between two groups, as measured by the Nottingham Health Profile, were seen in energy (P < 0.001), pain (P < 0.006), emotional reaction (P < 0.00001), sleep (P < 0.01), physical mobility (P < 0.00001) and total average quality of life (P < 0.00001). Significant improvements in quality of life between two groups, as measured by the SF-36, were seen in physical function (P < 0.00001), role limitations resulting from emotional status (P < 0.007), role limitations resulting from physical status (P < 0.05), mental health (P < 0.03), vitality (P < 0.02) and total average quality of life (P < 0.02). The findings demonstrate that health education result is improved quality of life for patients with CABG. © 2007 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Evaluation of effective factors on low birth weight infants' mortality using path analysis

Background: This study have conducted in order to determine of direct or indirect effective factors on mortality of neonates with low birth weight by path analysis. Methods: In this cohort study 445 paired mothers and their neonates were participated in Tehran city. The data were gathered through an answer sheet contain mother age, gestational age, apgar score, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and birth weight. Sampling was convenience and neonates of women were included in this study who were referred to 15 government and private hospitals in Tehran city. Live being status of neonates was determined until 24 hours after delivery. Results: The most changes in mortality rate is related to birth weight and its negative score means that increasing in weight leads to increase chance of live being. Second score is related to apgar sore and its negative score means that increasing in apgar score leads to decrease chance of neonate death. Third score is gestational age and its negative score means that increasing in weight leads to increase chance of live being. The less changes in mortality rate is due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Conclusion: The methodology has been used could be adopted in other investigations to distinguish and measuring effect of predictive factors on the risk of an outcome

Bullying and being bullied; how much can it increase the risk of depression and anxiety in students? A multilevel fixed-effect model analysis

Background: School violence as a health issue is a global concern. One of the problems that affect the health and well-being of children at school is bullying. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to examine the association of depression and anxiety with bullying among 6 - 19-year-old students in Iran. Methods: This study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, in 2020. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 54,550 students aged six to 19 years of both sexes, from urban and rural areas, were selected. Standard questionnaires, according to the WHO recommendations, were used for data collection. Involvement in bullying in the past 12 months and anxiety and depression status in both bully and bullied students were investigated by standard questionnaires. To compare the psychiatric problems and violent behavior, the Wald chi-square test was applied. The multilevel fixed-effect model and logistic multivariate regression were used to adjust the multilevel effects and estimate the odds of anxiety and depression in both bully and bullied students. All statistical analyses were performed at a 95 significance level. Results: Of the total students, 50.9 were males, 29.45 were in the 6 - 10 age group, and 70.55 in the 11 - 19 age group. There was a significant difference in depression and anxiety between boys and girls in both age groups (P < 0.001). Amongst males, 11.7 of the students aged 6 - 10 and 11 of the students aged 11 - 19 and in females, 7.7 aged 6 - 10 and 10.4 aged 11 - 19 had at least four experiences of bullying to others in the last year. The odds ratios for depression in male bullies were 1.3 and 1.5 in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. The odds ratios for depression in bullied males and females were 4.2 and 3.9 in 6 - 10 and 2.9 and 4.3 in 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. Bulling others increased the odds of anxiety to 1.7 and 1.9 in males and 2.1 and 1.9 in females in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups, respectively. In bullied students, the odds of anxiety were estimated at 2.9 and 2.2 in males and 3.4 and 2.2 in female students respectively, in 6 - 10 and 11 - 19 age groups. Conclusions: There was a significant positive association between psychological disorders (anxiety and depression) and bullying among 6 - 19-year-old students. Victims of bullying were more at risk of depression and anxiety. This health-threatening phenomenon should not be ignored. Copyright © 2021, Author(s)

Unsymmetrical Short-Circuit Fault Analysis for Low Voltage Distribution Networks

Abstract: Protective devices in distribution systems are utilized to optimize the network reliability and to avoid or minimize the damaging in the circuits and the instruments. The considered method and the level of the protection, is under various factors. One of the most important tools in selecting the type of the distributed system&apos;s equipment is evaluation of the short-circuit current correctly. In addition, this analysis is very noticeable in allocation and setting the protective devices in any networks. In this study, a novel method is presented in order to analysis the unsymmetrical fault occurs in the low voltage distributed networks. Initially, regarded to a complete model, the line impedances such as overhead and underground line impedances, in the network are computed and the methodology and modeling associated with two relationship matrices BIBC and BCBV is described. Then, the calculations method for the fault&apos;s current is evaluated by defining a new model consists of four matrices. Therefore, a program is provided for determination of short-circuit current, identifying the branches which carry short-circuit current and the results of it on the voltage profile, according to presented equations and Delphi software. At the end, all connection types and their results on the network are evaluated on a real low voltage network

The effects of bracing on sagittal spinopelvic parameters and Cobb angle in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A before-after clinical study

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of bracing on the Cobb angle and sagittal spinopelvic parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. Patients and methods: A total of 25 adolescents (2 males, 23 females; mean age 12.7±1.6; range, 10-15 years) with AIS who received bracing between January 2000 and June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The initial and final out-of-brace radiographs of 25 AIS patients were analyzed with regard to the spinopelvic parameters. The pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis (TK), and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured. Results: The mean age at the initiation of bracing was 12.7±1.6 years. The mean initial Cobb angle was 31.8°±5.9°. There were no statistically significant differences between the baseline and the final measurements of the PI, PT, and SS. However, there were statistically significant differences between the baseline and the final measurements of the TK, LL, and Cobb angle. A significant correlation was observed between the PI and Cobb angle and TK and between the LL and SS. Conclusion: Our study results show significant associations between the sagittal pelvic parameters and the spinal parameters during the brace treatment of adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis. © 2020 All right reserved by the Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)