State of Ohio\u27s Objections to Proposed Pretrial Order

Contains the State of Ohio’s objections to Plaintiff’s pretrial order. The objections are numbered and include a short explanation of each legal issue

Defendant\u27s Response to Plaintiff\u27s Motion to Limit Discovery & State of Ohio\u27s Objections to Proposed Pretrial Order

The State of Ohio’s response to the Estate of Sam Sheppard’s Motion to Limit Discovery. This motion asserts that the State should be given adequate time for discovery. The State harshly accuses the plaintiff’s counsel of confusing the civil matter with the reopening of a criminal investigation. The matters discussed in the motion include the Eberling blood sample, evidence inventoried at the coroner’s office, witness Kathy Collins, Dr. Mohammad Tahir’s DNA testing results, and the FBI Behavioral Science Unit

Defendant\u27s Response to Plaintiff\u27s Motion to Limit Discovery & State of Ohio\u27s Objections to Proposed Pretrial Order

The State of Ohio’s response to the Estate of Sam Sheppard’s Motion to Limit Discovery. This motion asserts that the State should be given adequate time for discovery. The State harshly accuses the plaintiff’s counsel of confusing the civil matter with the reopening of a criminal investigation. The matters discussed in the motion include the Eberling blood sample, evidence inventoried at the coroner’s office, witness Kathy Collins, Dr. Mohammad Tahir’s DNA testing results, and the FBI Behavioral Science Unit

Case report of a bifurcated fibular (lateral) collateral ligament: which band is the dominant one?

Background: The fibular collateral ligament is a permanent and extracapsular ligament of the knee joint. It is located on the lateral aspect of the knee and extends from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula. As one of the main knee joint ligaments it is a stabilizer of the posterolateral corner of the knee and resists varus stress. The case report displays the bifurcated variant of the fibular collateral ligament. The aim of this study is to determine which of those bands should be considered dominant.Materials and methods: Classical anatomical dissection was performed on the left knee joint. The fibular collateral ligament was thoroughly cleansed around its origin, distal attachments, and course. Appropriate morphometric measurements were collected.Results: A bifurcated variant of the fibular collateral ligament with inverted proportions of its two bands (main and accessory one) constitutes our findings. It originated on the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Then it divided into two bands (A1 and A2). Band A1 inserted to the head of the fibula. A bony attachment of band A2 was located on the lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia.Conclusions: Although the fibular collateral ligament is a permanent structure it presents morphological variations. It is important to constantly extend morphological knowledge for all scientists concerned in anatomy

Screening for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with aortoiliac atherosclerosis: a preliminary study

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAs) usually present with rupture and carry a high morbidity and mortality rate. Early detection of TAAs with screening methods and elective surgical repair could potentially diminish these complications. The present study was aimed at screening for TAA in patients with angiography-proven aortoiliac atherosclerosis (n = 43). A group of patients without aortoiliac atherosclerosis was used as controls (n = 15). Age, sex and aortic diameter at the level of the T12 vertebra were recorded. The subjects were divided into two age categories, the first made up of those aged less than 65 years and the second those aged 65 years or more. A T12 aortic diameter greater than 35 mm was used to indicate TAA. Statistical analyses were performed by independent t-test and general linear model with age category, sex and atherosclerosis as factors. The mean T12 aortic diameters were greater in patients with atherosclerosis than in the control group (25.2 ± 5.0 vs. 22.9 ± 2.4 mm; p = 0.034). Two out of 43 patients (4.7%) with aortoiliac atherosclerosis had TAA, while no one in the control group had TAA. A general linear model showed that the interaction of age category and sex significantly affected the T12 aortic diameter [F (1.49) = 4.044, p = 0.050]. Post hoc (LSD) tests revealed that male patients aged over 65 had greater T12 aortic diameters than other patients. We conclude that patients with aortoiliac atherosclerosis may be at greater risk for developing TAA. Ageing and male sex may also be associated with thoracoabdominal aortic enlargement. (Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 78-83

The clinical anatomy of the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral triangle

Identification and recognition of the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral triangle is of critical importance when considering emergency catheterization procedures. The aim of our study was to conduct a cadaveric study to access data regarding the topography and the distribution patterns of the cephalic vein as it relates to the deltopectoral triangle. One hundred formalin fixed cadavers were examined. The cephalic vein was found in 95% (190 right and left) specimens, while in the remaining 5% (10) the cephalic vein was absent. In 80% (152) of cases the cephalic vein was found emerging superficially in the lateral portion of the deltopectoral triangle. In 30% (52) of these 152 cases the cephalic vein received one tributary within the deltopectoral triangle, while in 70% (100) of the specimens it received two. In the remaining 20% (38) of cases the cephalic vein was located deep to the deltopectoral fascia and fat and did not emerge through the deltopectoral triangle but was identified medially to the coracobrachialis and inferior to the medial border of the deltoid. In addition, in 4 (0.2%) of the specimens the cephalic vein, after crossing the deltopectoral triangle, ascended anterior and superior to the clavicle to drain into the subclavian vein. In these specimens a collateral branch was observed to communicate between the cephalic and external jugular veins. In 65.2% (124) of the cases the cephalic vein traveled with the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial trunk. The length of the cephalic vein within the deltopectoral triangle ranged from 3.5 cm to 8.2 cm with a mean of 4.8 ± 0.7 cm. The morphometric analysis revealed a mean cephalic vein diameter of 0.8 ± 0.1 cm with a range of 0.1 cm to 1.2 cm. The cephalic vein is relatively large and constant, usually allowing for easy cannulation. (Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 72-77

Identification of greater occipital nerve landmarks for the treatment of occipital neuralgia

Important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache include the aponeurotic attachments of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles to the occipital bone. The greater occipital nerve (GON) can become entrapped as it passes through these aponeuroses, causing symptoms of occipital neuralgia. The aim of this study was to identify topographic landmarks for accurate identification of GON, which might facilitate its anaesthetic blockade. The course and distribution of GON and its relation to the aponeuroses of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis were examined in 100 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. In addition, the relative position of the nerve on a horizontal line between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process, as well as between the mastoid processes was measured. The greater occipital nerve was found bilaterally in all specimens. It was located at a mean distance of 3.8 cm (range 1.5–7.5 cm) lateral to a vertical line through the external occipital protuberance and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae 2–7. It was also located approximately 41% of the distance along the intermastoid line (medial to a mastoid process) and 22% of the distance between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process. The location of GON for anaesthesia or any other neurosurgical procedure has been established as one thumb’s breadth lateral to the external occipital protuberance (2 cm laterally) and approximately at the base of the thumb nail (2 cm inferior). This is the first study proposing the use of landmarks in relation to anthropometric measurements. On the basis of these observations we propose a target zone for local anaesthetic injection that is based on easily identifiable landmarks and suggest that injection at this target point could be of benefit in the relief of occipital neuralgia

“Popliteofascial muscle” or rare variant of the tensor fasciae suralis?

Anatomical variations are routinely encountered during dissections of muscles and in clinical practice, so anatomists and clinicians need to be aware of them. One such muscle is the tensor fascia suralis, a very rare muscle located in the popliteal fossa. It can originate from any of the hamstring muscles and it inserts into the fascia of the leg. This report presents a case of a variant muscle located very deep to the biceps femoris; it originated from the posterior surface of the femur and inserted into the fascia of the leg. It is unclear whether this is a rare variant of the tensor fascia suralis or a completely new muscle

Neutrino Interactions in Hot and Dense Matter

We study the charged and neutral current weak interaction rates relevant for the determination of neutrino opacities in dense matter found in supernovae and neutron stars. We establish an efficient formalism for calculating differential cross sections and mean free paths for interacting, asymmetric nuclear matter at arbitrary degeneracy. The formalism is valid for both charged and neutral current reactions. Strong interaction corrections are incorporated through the in-medium single particle energies at the relevant density and temperature. The effects of strong interactions on the weak interaction rates are investigated using both potential and effective field-theoretical models of matter. We investigate the relative importance of charged and neutral currents for different astrophysical situations, and also examine the influence of strangeness-bearing hyperons. Our findings show that the mean free paths are significantly altered by the effects of strong interactions and the multi-component nature of dense matter. The opacities are then discussed in the context of the evolution of the core of a protoneutron star.Comment: 41 pages, 25 figure

Particle-hole state densities with non-equidistant single-particle levels

The correct use of energy-dependent single-particle level (s.p.l.) densities within particle-hole state densities based on the equidistant spacing model (ESM) is analysed. First, an analytical expression is obtained following the convolution of energy-dependent excited-particle and hole densities. Next, a comparison is made with results of the ESM formula using average s.p.l. densities for the excited particles and holes, respectively. The Fermi-gas model (FGM) s.p.l. densities calculated at the corresponding average excitation energies are used in both cases. The analysis concerns also the density of particle-hole bound states. The pairing correlations are taken into account while the comparison of various effects includes the exact correction for the Pauli exclusion principle. Quantum-mechanical s.p.l. densities and the continuum effect can also match a corresponding FGM formula, suitable for use within the average energy-dependent partial state density in multistep reaction models.Comment: 29 pages, ReVTeX, 11 postscript figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.