RESPONSE OF TAGETES PATULA PLANTS TO FOLIAR APPLICATION OF POTASSIUM SILICATE AND SEAWEED EXTRACT UNDER VARIOUS IRRIGATION INTERVALS

This study was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Somosta, Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals, foliar application of potassium silicate and seaweed extract on vegetative and flowering growth parameters and essential oil percentage of Tagetes patula plants. Plant height (cm), number of branches, stem diameter (mm),leaf area (cm2), plantfresh and dry weights (g), flowering date, number of inflorescences/plant, inflorescence diameter (cm), inflorescence fresh and dry weights/plant (g) and vase life/days were significantly decreased with rising intervals of irrigation. Irrigation regime of four days interval gave the earliest flowering. The results cleared that, foliar applications of seaweeds extract at 3 ml/l and 5 ml/l, potassium silicate at 3 ml/l and 5 ml/l significantly affected all studied parameters compared with control. The magnitude of increase is more pronounced by applying combination between potassium silicate and seaweed extract treatments at the high concentration. The most pronounced effect for the interaction was that found between potassium silicate at 5 ml/l plus seaweeds extract at 5 ml/l when plants irrigated every one or two days where the highest vegetative and flowering growth parameters and essential oil percentage were recorded in both seasons. So, it is advisable, to reduce the effect of drought stress, treating tagetes plants with high concentration of potassium silicate and/or seaweed extract each at 5 ml/

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND LIQUORICE ROOT EXTRACT ON GROWTH, VOLATILE OIL YIELD PRODUCTIVITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN GERANIUM (PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS L. HER.) PLANTS

This work was carried out during the two successive seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in the Experimental Farm of Horticulture Research Station at Sids, Beni-Suef Governorate, to investigate the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 100, 200 and 300 ppm and spraying of two extractions of liquorice root (aqueous LRE at 5 and 10 g/l and ethanolic LRE at 5 and 10 g/l) and their interaction on the vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches, herb fresh weight per plant and per feddan), volatile oil productivity (oil %, yield per plant and per feddan), total chlorophyll and total carbohydrates,NPK percentages, as well as antimicrobial activity of geranium plants.Obtained results revealed that the best vegetative growth characteristics, volatile oil productivity, total chlorophyll and carbohydrates were obtained due to the use of the high dose (300 ppm) and medium dose (200 ppm) of gibberellic acid with no significant differences between them. Concerning liquorice root extract treatments, all of the prementioned growth parameters, oil yield and chemical traits were considerably augmented due to the high dose of aqueous LRE at 10 g/l treatment followed by ethanolic LRE at 10 g/l, while LRE aqu. at 5 g/l gave the least values. In regard to the interaction between the two studied factors, the highest growth, yield and chemical composition values were given by GA3 at 200 or 300 ppm in combination with LRE aqu. at 10 g/l. Overall, the most powerful antimicrobial activity was recorded of the combination treatment in the two geranium cuts. Therefore, it could be advised from the economical and environmental point of view, to supply geranium plants with GA3 at 200 ppm and LRE aqu. at 10 g/l to improve the volatile oil yield and the antimicrobial activit

A Minimalist Approach to Passives with Complementizers, ʔan, Inna and Kana in Standard Arabic

In this paper, we argue that the three complementizers ʔan, inna and kana come with passive constructions in Standard Arabic (SA henceforth). ʔan comes in embedded clauses and is followed with a VS order, whereas inna and kana come in main clauses and are followed with an SV order. We assume that verbs enter the derivation with an unvalued (passive) feature. Also, we assume that a Voice °head with an unvalued (passive) feature and the passive infix as its specifier should be introduced to the derivation of the passive construction in which a probe-goal syntactic relationship is established between the verb and the Voice° head. This relation triggers the move of the verb from V to Voice° head for two reasons, to value its unvalued (passive) feature and to pick up the passive infix. Further we assume that T in main clauses with inna and kana carry [+V] feature which triggers the move of the verb not the DP to T. Unlike main clauses, the embedded clause with ʔan carries no [+V] feature and thus the DP moves from VP complement to [Spec, TP]. Finally, we claim that the complementizers ʔan, inna and kana assign case to the elements that directly follow them. &nbsp

PROENOFOS EFFECTS ON RABBIT PERFORMANCE AND THEIR AMELIORATION BY USING NATURAL CLAY MINERALS

[EN] Eighty New Zealand White male rabbits of 35 days of age, were used in the present study. The rabbits were randomly allotted to 8 groups with 10 animals in each. Four groups were fed diets contaminated with O, 0.658, 1.315, 2.630 mg proenofos/kg diet. The other four groups fed the same diets but supplemented with 5% natural clay (80% betonite). Rabbits fed with diet contaminated with proenofos (an organophosphorus insecticide) decreased feed intake, final live body weight (-22% for the highest leve!), daily gain, heamoglobin, serum total protein, albumin, SGPT and cholinesterase while mortality rate, SGOT, urea-N and creatinine increased. Feed conversion impaired with increasing pesticide level in rabbit diets. Proenofos residues in liver (3 to 7 ppm), kidney and muscle (0.4 to 0.7 ppm) significantly (P<0.001) increased with increasing pesticide level in rabbit diets. Proenofos residue in liver and kidney tissues and muscle decreased with 54.8, 50.3 and 40.0%, respectively, with clay supplementation in rabbit diets. Final live body weight, daily gain, serum albumin, and cholinesterase significantly increased by·the clay supplementation in pesticide contaminated diets, while blood urea-N significantly decreased. Heamoglobin, serum total protein, globulin, creatinine, transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) and carcass and noncarcass components were insignificantly affected by the interaction between proenofos contamination and clay addition. Supplemented natural clay in rabbit diets contaminated with proenofos decreased mortality rate (3.3% vs 16.7%; P=0.097) Feed conversion was improved with clay supplementation in contaminated rabbit diets[FR] Quatre vingt males néo-zélandais blancs, agés de 35 jours, ont été utilisés pour cette étude. Les lapins ont été répartis au hasard en 8 groupes de 10 animaux chacun. Quatre groupes ont rec;;u un aliment auquel a été ajouté O - 0,658 - 1,315 ou 2,630 mg /kg de proenofos, un insecticide organophosphoré. Les quatre autres groupes ont rec;;u les mémes aliments additionnés de 5% d'argile naturelle (80% de bentonite). Les lapins nourris avec les aliments contaminés par le proenofos ont eu une nette réduction de la consommation, du poids vif final (-22% pour le taux de proenofos le plus élevé), de la vitesse de croissance, des taux d'hémoglobine et de protéines sériques, d'albumine, de transaminases (SGPT), et de cholinestérase ; par centre le taux de mortalité, SGOT, l'urée et la créatinine sanguines ont augmenté. L'efficacité alimentaire a diminué avec l'accroissement du taux d'incorporation de proenofos. Les résidus de proenofos dans le foie (3 a 7 ppm), les reins et les muscles (0,4 a 0,7 ppm) a augmenté significativement (P<0,001) avec l'accroissement du taux de proenofos dans l'aliment. L'addition d'argile a diminué les résidus de proenofos dans le foie, les reins et les muscles de 54,8- 50,3 et 40,0 %, respectivement. L'addition d'argile naturelle dans les aliments contaminés par le proenofos a significativement augmenté le poids vif final, le gain de poids quotidien, les taux d'albumine et de cholinestérase tandis que !'albumine sérique a diminué significativement. Les taux d'hémoglobine, de protéines sériques totales, de globuline, de créatinine, de transaminases (SGOT et SGPT), le poids de la carcasse et des abats n'ont pas été significativement modifiés par l'addition d'argile. L'addition d'argile aux aliments contaminés par le proenofos a di minué le taux de mortalité (3.3% vs 16. 7%; P=0.097) et amélioré l'efficacité alimentaireAyyat, M.; Abd El-Monem, U.; El-Gendy, H.; El-Fateh Hammad, M. (2000). PROENOFOS EFFECTS ON RABBIT PERFORMANCE AND THEIR AMELIORATION BY USING NATURAL CLAY MINERALS. World Rabbit Science. doi:10.4995/wrs.2000.436SWORD08