Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies for Agronomic Crops

Climate change is a serious threat to agriculture and food security. Extreme weather conditions and changing patterns of precipitation lead to a decrease in the crop productivity. High temperatures and uncertain rainfall decrease the grain yield of crops by reducing the length of growing period. Future projections show that temperature would be increased by 2.5°C up to 2050. The projected rise in temperature would cause the high frequent and prolong heat waves that can decline the crop production. The rise in temperature results in huge reduction in yield of agronomic crops. Sustaining the crop production under changing climate is a key challenge. Therefore, adaptation measures are required to reduce the climate vulnerabilities. The adverse effect of climate change can be mitigated by developing heat tolerant cultivars and some modification in current production technologies. The development of adaptation strategies in context of changing climate provides the useful information for the stakeholders such as researchers, academia, and farmers in mitigating the negative effects of climate change

Microfinance Institutions of Bangladesh: The Effects of Credit Risk Management on Credit Performance

The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of credit risk management on the credit performance of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. For this purpose, an econometric model with a cross-sectional dataset has been taken into account. The primary data is collected from125 officers of 35 microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. Multiple variables namely, credit policy, credit terms, credit appraisals process, credit risk control, credit collection procedures and Institutional factor have been adopted as the components of credit risk management. The data has been collected using a structured questionnaire completed by microfinance institutions officers of different levels in Bangladesh. The study reveals that credit policy, credit risk control, credit collection procedures and Institutional factor have positive effects on credit performance, and they are statistically significant at 5%, 10%, 1% and 1% levels respectively; while credit terms and credit appraisals process have positive but insignificant effects on the credit performance of microfinance institutions. The empirical findings will support the policymakers in restructuring their overall credit risk management strategies to improve and sustainable credit performance. Keywords: Competition, Overlapping credit, Institutional factor, Effects, Insolvenc

Conflict Resolution in Organization through Strategic Management

This study reveals the conflict Resolution in organization through Strategic management. There are different causes of conflicts within Organization and impact of conflicts on organization performance. The past decade researches identify the negative relation of conflict with employee performance. The research methodology was case study approach of different National and Multinational companies. The aim of study is to alleviate conflicts in organization through strategic management for enhancing organizational performance and managing change in order to attain competitive edge in this dynamic era. This paper covers the role of strategic management in resolving and minimizing conflict that brings positive impact on organization. Conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. The fact that conflict exists, however, is not necessarily a bad thing: As long as it is resolved effectively, it can lead to personal and professional growth. Conflict in the workplace is a painful reality and a key reason for poor productivity and frustration

AI-driven optimization of ethanol-powered internal combustion engines in alignment with multiple SDGs: A sustainable energy transition

With the escalating requirement for global sustainable energy solutions and the complexities linked with the complete transition to new technologies, internal combustion engines (ICEs) powered with biofuels like ethanol are gaining significance over time. However, problems linked to the performance and emissions of such ICEs necessitate accurate prediction and optimization. The study employed the integration of artificial neural networks (ANN) and multi-level historical design of response surface methodology (RSM) to address these challenges in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A single-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine powered with ethanol-gasoline blends at different loads and speeds was used to gather data. Among six initially trained ANN models, the most efficient model with a regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9952 (training), 0.98579 (validation), 0.98847 (testing), and 0.99307 (overall) was employed to predict outputs such as brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal energy (BTE), concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and oxides of nitrogen NOx. Predicted outputs were optimized by incorporating RSM. On implementing optimized conditions, it was observed that BP and BTE increased by 19.9%, and 29.8%, respectively. Additionally, CO, and HC emissions experienced substantial reductions of 28.1%, and 40.6%, respectively. This research can help engine producers and researchers make refined decisions and achieve improved performance and emissions. The study directly supports SDG 7, SDG 9, SDG 12, SDG 13, and SGD 17, which call for achieving affordable, clean energy, sustainable industrialization, responsible consumption, and production, taking action on climate change, and partnership to advance the SDGs as a whole respectively

ADIPONECTIN VERSUS THIAZOLIDINEDIONES AND ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS

Adipose tissue has gained great attention during the last decade. It represents not only a depot for energy stores, but also releases adipocytokines regulating energy disposal and can therefore be considered from therapeutic point of view. Hypoadiponectemia is an independent threat for development of metabolic syndrome. When subjects treated with antidiabetic (Thiazolidinediones) and antihypertensive (angiotensin receptor blocker) agents , the plasma concentration of adiponectin, the only component of adipocytokines, directly proportional to plasma values of these drugs. The prevalance of hypertension and T2DM is mounting with unprecedented degree in both developing and advanced countries, therefore, there is a dire need to find safer and economical therapeutic regimes for the treatment of these ailments, and intensive research is also underway for this purpose. PPARγ serves as a common link in the actions of ADN, TZDs and ARBs when exerting their effects, and it is responsible for stimulation of adiponectin receptors, thus ultimately enhancing the levels of adiponectin in plasma. This review aims to elucidate the role, link and use of ARBs, ADN and TZDs as a safer and convenient approach for the treatment of these co-morbidities as a unanimous or single remedy from comparative point of view

A triclinic polymorph of N-[4-(4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamido)­phenyl­sulfon­yl]acetamide

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H16N2O5S2, there are two symmetry-independent mol­ecules which adopt similar conformations, with dihedral angles between the aromatic rings of 59.30 (8) and 61.81 (8)°, and dihedral angles between acetamide group and the benzene ring of 77.08 (10) and 78.40 (10)°. Each type of mol­ecule forms similar one-dimensional polymeric structures extending along the b axis via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds generate two types of centrosymmetric motifs, R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(20). Moreover C—H⋯O inter­actions assemble the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional framework. The crystal structure was determined from a non-merohedral twin [ratio of the twin components = 0.322 (4):0.678 (4)]

Surface mannosylation of dispersion polymerisation derived nanoparticles by copper mediated click chemistry

The synthesis of spherical polymeric nanoparticles containing alkyne surface functionalities for post poly- merisation glycosylation is described. The nanoparticles were obtained by a polymerisation induced self- assembly (PISA) inspired methodology in dispersed media by Cu(0) mediated polymerisation. A water soluble poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate-stat-propargyl methacrylate), poly(PEGMA18-stat-PgMA5), macroinitiator was first synthesised and chain extended with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in water using a copper wire catalyst. It was found that irrespective of the macroinitiator to HPMA ratio and the reaction time the desired spherical morphologies (<100 nm) were obtained while the absence other morphologies suggest a deviation from the classical PISA process due to chain termination in the nano- particle’s core. The obtained nanoparticles contained alkyne functionalities in the shell, which were suc- cessfully reacted by copper mediated click chemistry with fluoresceine azide and mannosides with hydro- phobic and hydrophilic spacers of different lengths. The obtained mannosylated nanoparticles displayed no significant cytotoxicity against human alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinomic (A549) cells at any dose <0.5 mg mL−1. Preliminary binding studies confirm the ability of the mannosylated nanoparticles to bind to human lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). The methodology reported here is a convenient route to well-defined spherical and shell- functionalisable nanoparticles to create libraries of bio-active nanomaterials

Monograph of Holarrhena antidysenterica (linn.) Wall

Holarrhena Antidysenterica is a very significant herbal drug in Unani system of medicine and Ayurvedic system of medicine. This meticulous herb was used to treat a variety of infectious diseases especially in Staphylococcus aureus, Entamoeba histolytica and Escherichia coli. It is a large tree of 30 to 40 feet in height grows widely on the mountains. A large number of pharmacological studies have been done on the bark and seed of the tree.Keywords: Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Conessine, amoebic dysenter

Investigation the nexus between CO2 emissions, agricultural land, crop, and livestock production in Pakistan

The ongoing adverse effects of climate change produced by carbon dioxide emissions have sparked global advocacy to face its adverse consequences with the utmost vigor. Pakistan’s contribution to global emissions is less than 1% while it is among the most vulnerable countries facing threat of climate change. The sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by particular nations must be understood to comprehend the procedures necessary to reduce emissions globally. This study is a contribution to empirics of the CO2 emissions, gross domestic product, crop production index, livestock production index, population, agricultural land, land under cereal crop and agriculture value-added. This study considered annual data from 1961 to 2014 for the country of Pakistan. We performed an Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to investigate the long-run and short-run association among all research variables. To check the stationarity of the study variables, we also employed Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron (P.P.) tests. The outcomes of the long-run estimates indicate that the coefficients of agricultural land and land under cereal crop have a positive and significant relationship with CO2 emissions, while the coefficients of crop production index have a negative and significant relationship with CO2 emissions, respectively. The outcomes from short-run estimates show that the coefficients of crop production index and livestock production index are both positive and statistically significant, which implies that these variables are crucial in boosting carbon emissions. The error correction model value is also negative and statistically significant, indicating the deviation of CO2 emissions to other variables from short-run to long-run equilibrium. According to the Pairwise Granger causality test, there is evidence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causation between the research variables. Based on the research outcomes, the government must carefully consider its regulations on agricultural and livestock production and embrace ecologically friendly techniques in the agriculture sector, which may minimize carbon emissions over time