Eco-biology of Mastacembelus pancalus (Ham.) and their distribution in different water bodies

The eco-biological of the spiny eel, Mastacembelus pailcalus in the river Padma, adjacent flood plains and ponds were influenced by various physico-chemical factors such as water temperature, water transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and alkalinity. Flood plain areas are the best habitat for the M. pancalus with maximum abundance

Effect of 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) on meristem culture for virus free seed production of some popular potato varieties in Bangladesh

The present study was undertaken to fix the suitable concentration of 6-benzyl aminopurine on shoot development from meristem for producing virus free potato plantlet. The experiment consisted of five potato cultivars namely Diamant, Heera, Dheera, Granula and Cardinal for meristem culture and four 6-benzyl aminopurine levels namely 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/l. As a whole, twenty treatments were allotted in complete randomized design with three replications. Resulted in vitro regenerated plantlets were used as treatment for double antibody sandwich (DAS-), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, while, the infected plant parts were used as positive control. In virus elimination through meristem culture, Cardinal with 1 mg l-1 6-benzyl aminopurine gave maximum number of shoots (2.43 cm) explant-1, whereas, Dheera with 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzyl aminopurine gave the tallest plantlet (5.23 cm). On the other hand, explants of Dheera and Cardinal with 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzyl aminopurine and explants of Diamant, Heera, Granula and Cardinal with 2.0 mg l-1 6-benzyl aminopurine produced no roots. Finally, after DAS-ELISA test, the infected field samples developed yellow color but in vitro regenerated plantlets of all the varieties under study showed 100% virus freeness.Keywords: Virus elimination, meristem culture, virus detection, seed potatoAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(18), pp. 2406-241

Study on clinical features and factors associated with thickness of chronic subdural hematoma in adult

Patients with chronic subdural hematoma encounter certain difficulties in diagnosis, especially in elderly, due to the characteristically non-specific symptoms and signs. Early diagnosis and proper operative treatment, on the other hand, results in complete recovery in most of the cases. In this study, the clinical features and factors of 31 patients with chronic subdural hematoma, associated with the thickness of chronic subdural hematoma were analyzed. The mean age was 62 ± 13.9 years. The maximum hematoma thickness in the axial CT scan was 25 mm. The thickness of hematoma obtained from axial plain CT had a positive relationship with the patient’s age where r=0.895 and p<0.001 signifies that the thickness of hematoma increased with the increasing age. But the hematoma thickness was not related to co-morbidity such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The presentation of the patient with higher hematoma thickness with hemiparesis was statistically significant and with lower thickness with headache and vomiting

Study on clinical features and factors associated with thickness of chronic subdural hematoma in adult

Patients with chronic subdural hematoma encounter certain difficulties in diagnosis, especially in elderly, due to the characteristically non-specific symptoms and signs. Early diagnosis and proper operative treatment, on the other hand, results in complete recovery in most of the cases. In this study, the clinical features and factors of 31 patients with chronic subdural hematoma, associated with the thickness of chronic subdural hematoma were analyzed. The mean age was 62 ± 13.9 years. The maximum hematoma thickness in the axial CT scan was 25 mm. The thickness of hematoma obtained from axial plain CT had a positive relationship with the patient’s age where r=0.895 and p<0.001 signifies that the thickness of hematoma increased with the increasing age. But the hematoma thickness was not related to co-morbidity such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The presentation of the patient with higher hematoma thickness with hemiparesis was statistically significant and with lower thickness with headache and vomiting

Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia: poverty in irrigated agriculture: issues and options: Bangladesh

Irrigated farming / Poverty / Irrigation management / Water resource management / Policy / Planning / Institutions / Organizations / Local government / Non-governmental organizations / Legislation / Water users / Participatory management / Public sector / Water allocation / Cost recovery / Households / Income / Expenditure / Irrigation canals / Bangladesh

Cost-effective management of ufra disease of rice and identification of resistant landraces

A series of trials were undertaken to evaluate 3 nematicides, marshal 6G, diafuran 5G and pilarfuran 5G @ 1.0 kg ai/ha along with standard cheek, furadan 5G and to explore the resistant genotypes against ufra disease caused by Ditylenchus angustus in the rain-fed and irrigated ecosystems during 2001 to 2004. All the tested nematicides were effective to control the ufra disease of rice and increased yield compared to control (diseased). In respect of all seasons, marshal 6G, diafuran 5G, pilarfuran 5G increased yield by 3.35 to 5.10, 3.23 to 5.00 and 3.26 to 4.90 t/ha, respectively over the control (diseased). Yield loss due to ufra disease was 87.85% in the rain-fed rice, while it was 90.82% in the irrigated rice in artificial inoculation condition. In simple profitability analysis, marshal 6G, diafuran 5G and pilarfuran 5G showed 16.20, 15.76 and 15.58 times profitable in the rain-fed rice and 20.40, 20.11, 19.68 and 20.58 times profitable respectively, over the control (diseased) in the irrigated rice. So, the application of 3 nematicides, marshal 6G, diafuran 5G and pilarfuran 5G @ 1k ai/ha were effective in controlling ufra disease and could be used as alternative to furadan 5G. Of 40 landraces of rice tested, 5 (Daudin Da-21, Lambo Sail, Madhu Sail, Bhawalia Aman and Lal Chamara) showed highly resistant against ufra disease

The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. Interpretation: Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute