Decomposition kinetics during direct phase transformation in Y₂Fe₁₇ magnetic alloy

Исследована кинетика распада сплава Y2Fe17 в ходе индуцированного водородом прямого фазового превращения, т.е. процесса распада в атмосфере водорода исходного сплава Y2Fe17 на гидридную фазу YH2 и α-Fe фазу железа. Установлено, что при повышении температуры от 650 до 750˚С прямое фазовое превращение значительно ускоряется. Энергия активации процесса превращения определенная из кинетических данных варьируется от 163 до 242 кДж/моль, что соответствует значениям энергии активации диффузии атомов железа в сплавах типа R-T. Показано, что кинетика фазовых превращений в исследуемом интервале температур контролируемой диффузией атомов железа к растущим новым центрам α-Fe фазы.Kinetics of decomposition of Y2Fe17 alloy during hydrogen-induced direct phase transformation, i.e. decomposition on YH2 hydride phase and α-Fe phase of iron of initial phase of Y2Fe17 magnetic alloy in hydrogen atmosphere has been studied. It has been established that, as the temperature increase from 610 to 750˚С, a direct phase transformation significantly accelerates. Activation energy of transformation process determined from kinetic data varying from 163 up to 242 kJ/mol that it is correspond to the values of activation energy of the iron atoms diffusion in R–T type alloys. It is shown that phase transformations kinetics in the investigated interval of temperatures is controllable by diffusion of iron atoms to growing new α-Fe phase centers

Análise de empresas de médias empresas da rússia na conexão dos distritos federais e principais municípios

The article examines the trends in the number of medium-sized enterprises in Russia, in the context of federal districts and major municipalities. Detailed information is provided on the number and dynamics of medium-sized enterprises in Russia by federal districts and the largest municipalities for the period from 2008 to 2017. The indicators of the number of employees, labor efficiency and revenues of medium-sized businesses are considered. Developed by the authors and presented in the article, the map of medium-sized businesses allows you to make both management decisions to state and municipal authorities, and make investment decisions.El artículo examina las tendencias en el número de empresas medianas en Rusia, en el contexto de los distritos federales y los principales municipios. Se proporciona información detallada sobre el número y la dinámica de las medianas empresas en Rusia por los distritos federales y los municipios más grandes durante el período de 2008 a 2017. Los indicadores de la cantidad de empleados, la eficiencia laboral y los ingresos de las medianas empresas son considerados. Desarrollado por los autores y presentado en el artículo, el mapa de las medianas empresas le permite tomar decisiones de gestión ante las autoridades estatales y municipales, y tomar decisiones de inversión.O artigo examina as tendências no número de empresas de médio porte na Rússia, no contexto de distritos federais e grandes municípios. Informações detalhadas sobre o número e a dinâmica das empresas de médio porte na Rússia são fornecidas pelos distritos federais e os maiores municípios durante o período de 2008 a 2017. Os indicadores do número de funcionários, a eficiência da mão-de-obra e a renda das medianas Empresas são consideradas. Desenvolvido pelos autores e apresentado no artigo, o mapa de empresas de médio porte permite que eles tomem decisões de gestão perante as autoridades estaduais e municipais e tomem decisões de investimento

Influence of socioeconomic factors on pregnancy outcome in women with structural heart disease

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac disease is the leading cause of indirect maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to analyse to what extent socioeconomic factors influence the outcome of pregnancy in women with heart disease.  METHODS: The Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease is a global prospective registry. For this analysis, countries that enrolled ≥10 patients were included. A combined cardiac endpoint included maternal cardiac death, arrhythmia requiring treatment, heart failure, thromboembolic event, aortic dissection, endocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, hospitalisation for cardiac reason or intervention. Associations between patient characteristics, country characteristics (income inequality expressed as Gini coefficient, health expenditure, schooling, gross domestic product, birth rate and hospital beds) and cardiac endpoints were checked in a three-level model (patient-centre-country).  RESULTS: A total of 30 countries enrolled 2924 patients from 89 centres. At least one endpoint occurred in 645 women (22.1%). Maternal age, New York Heart Association classification and modified WHO risk classification were associated with the combined endpoint and explained 37% of variance in outcome. Gini coefficient and country-specific birth rate explained an additional 4%. There were large differences between the individual countries, but the need for multilevel modelling to account for these differences disappeared after adjustment for patient characteristics, Gini and country-specific birth rate.  CONCLUSION: While there are definite interregional differences in pregnancy outcome in women with cardiac disease, these differences seem to be mainly driven by individual patient characteristics. Adjustment for country characteristics refined the results to a limited extent, but maternal condition seems to be the main determinant of outcome

EARLY STAGES IN THE FORMATION OF EATING BEHAVIOR

The article discusses issues related to the early stages of the formation of food behavior, which are of particular interest, given their close connection with the socially significant problems of the present – obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, etc.The ability to perceive the sensations of taste is revealed already in the prenatal period. The main importance for the formation of taste has a genetic predisposition, predetermining the perception of taste, consistency and flavor, as well as the frequency and speed of food intake. The role of environmental factors that can influence the expression of genes of the taste receptors of GPCRs, as pre- and postnatal, is discussed.The influence of taste diversity at early stages of development on taste perception in subsequent periods of life is considered. The influence of complementary feeding on the formation of food preferences and, in particular, the influence of a sufficient presence of fruit and vegetable in the complementary feeding on their consumption at school age is presented. The significant role of the family and the psychological component of the process of feeding in the formation of food behavior were noted

Endothelium protecting properties of taurin in chronic heart failure with type 2 diabetes

High prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes (DM2), poor prognosis and low life quality determine the aim for optimum treatment strategy invention. Cornerstone of the treatment in this category of patients is correction of endothelial dysfunction and metabolism disorders that underlie development and progression of CHF and DM2: lipid- and glucose toxicity, insulin resistance (IR).Aim. To study the effects of taurin treatment as part of combination therapy for CHF with DM2, taking its influence on endothelial dysfunction.Material and methods. Totally, 60 patients included, after myocardial infarction (MI) lasting 6-12 months, with CHF I-III functional class and comorbid DM2. They were selected to 2 groups: 1st (controls) — patients receiving CHF treatment in postinfarction period and oral glucose lowering drugs, and 2nd (experimental) — patients also taking taurin 500 mg b.i.d. together with CHF and DM2 treatment. Assessment included 6-minute walking test, measurement of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in blood, echocardiography, vascular components of endothelium functioning, plasmatic factors of endothelial function (NO metabolites concentration and endotheline-1 in serum), glucose level, insulin with IR-index, glycosilated hemoglobine, total cholesterol, low density and high density lipoproteides, triglycerides.Results. It is found, that taurin shows endothelium protecting properties when used as part of combination therapy for CHF and DM2. These properties were noted on microcirculatory (significant in spastic pattern of disorder) level and in elastic arteries. While taking taurin, there was statistically significant increase of NO level in blood and decrease of endotheline-1.Conclusion. Positive endothelium protecting properties of taurin as part of combination therapy of CHF with DM2 were followed by significant decrease of CHF severity by NT-proBNP levels dynamics, and significant hypolipidemic effect, decrease of IR

CARDIORENAL RELATIONS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN LONG TERM THERAPY WITH CARVEDILOL AND BISOPROLOL

Aim. To compare effects of long term therapy with сarvedilol and bisoprolol on heart and renal functions, heart rate variability (HRV) and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods. We examined 40 patients aged 60-75 years on the 15-30 day after myocardial infarction complicated with CHF. All the patients taking basic therapy with enalapril, aspirin, simvastatin and diuretics were randomized to either bisoprolol (n=20) or сarvedilol (n=20) therapy group. The average daily doses were 5,7+0,8 mg for and 32,6+3,4 mg for carvedilol. The duration of the observation period was 12 months. Cardiac morphofunctional parameters, HRV, renal function and quality of life were determined at baseline, after 12 weeks and at the end of the study.Results. Complex therapy of CHF including both beta-blockers resulted in clinical improvement, increase in myocardial contractility. However, carvedilol group showed more pronounced increase in ejection fraction in comparison with bisoprolol group, 8,97% and 5,14%, respectively. Local contractility index decreased significantly only in carvedilol group by 29,9% (p<0,05). Carvedilol demonstrated more significant nephroprotective effects: glomerular filtration rate increased by 32,2%, renal functional reserve restored in 70% of patients. Tubular reabsorbtion, sodium clearance and excretion also increased in carvedilol group. After 12 month of treatment microalbuminuria reduced in both groups of patients, but more significant in carvedilol group. Carvedilol provided more strong blocking effect on sympathetic part of autonomic nervous system according to HRV data.Conclusion. In elderly patients with CHF long term therapy with both carvedilol and bisoprolol provided with improvement in clinical conditions and renal function, increased in HRV and was well tolerated. However, carvedilol compared with bisoprolol showed more significant beneficial effects on cardiac morphofunctional parameters and myocardium contractility. It had priority in reduction of myocardial sympathetic overactivity and nephroprotective action. This effect can be clinically valuable in complex long term therapy of elderly patients with CHF and renal dysfunction