Theory and Applications of X-ray Standing Waves in Real Crystals

Theoretical aspects of x-ray standing wave method for investigation of the real structure of crystals are considered in this review paper. Starting from the general approach of the secondary radiation yield from deformed crystals this theory is applied to different concreat cases. Various models of deformed crystals like: bicrystal model, multilayer model, crystals with extended deformation field are considered in detailes. Peculiarities of x-ray standing wave behavior in different scattering geometries (Bragg, Laue) are analysed in detailes. New possibilities to solve the phase problem with x-ray standing wave method are discussed in the review. General theoretical approaches are illustrated with a big number of experimental results.Comment: 101 pages, 43 figures, 3 table

Treatment of massive pulmonary embolism with systemic thrombolysis in the nearest postoperative period

In the presented clinical observations, in one patient, acute massive pulmonary embolism developed on the 2nd day after the extended surgical intervention in the colon; in the second case, it developed on the 18th day after the extensive surgical aid against pancreatic necrosis. Clinical predictors of a high risk of death of thromboembolism and the technical impossibility of using another treatment method were the basis for systemic administration of tissue plasminogen activator. The direct result of systemic thrombolysis was the clinical recovery of patients. The hemorrhagic complication diagnosed in one of the observations was in the form of moderate bleeding from a vessel of the gastroenteroanastomosis region. Bleeding was stopped with the minimally invasive endoscopic clipping