Deteksi Gen Mx Ayam Tolaki Menggunakan Teknik Ekstraksi Dna Yang Berbeda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari metode yang efektif dalam teknik ekstraksi DNA dari gen Mx (Myxovirus) ayam Tolaki. Gen Mx adalah gen yang bertanggungjawab terhadap kemampuan ayam untuk mertespon serangan penyakit viral seperti penyakit Flu Burung dan New Castle Disesase. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan April sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2013. Sampel penelitan terdiri atas 25 ekor ayam Tolaki dewasa, yang diperoleh dari pemeliharaan secara ekstensif oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan kedua metode ekstraksi DNA yakni metode ekstraksi DNA secara konvensional dan metode Kit ekstraksi DNA. Selanjutnya hasil ekstraksi DNA diamplifikasi menggunakan mesin PCR. Produk DNA kedua metode tersebut kemudian dibandngkan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Secara umum kedua metode tersebut cukup efektif untuk menghasilkan kualitas DNA gen Mx yang baik. Ekstraksi DNA gen Mx dari kedua metode tersebut menghasilkan ukuran DNA dengan panjang 299 pb

Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Toll-like Receptor-4 Pada Ayam Tolaki, Ayam Petelur Komersial Dan Ayam Broiler

Gen Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) adalah salah satu gen yang mengontrol ketahanan ayam terhadap serangan Salmonella sp, melalui respon immun non-specific. Gen ini dapat digunakan sebagai marka genetik pada ayam. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi polimorfisme genetik gen TLR4 pada beberapa jenis ayam (Ayam Tolaki, Ayam Ras pedaging dan petelur). Total sampel sebanyak 126. Penelitian ini melalui 3 tahapan yakni ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi PCR (dengan ukuran DNA 220 pb pada ekson 2), dan metode RFLP menggunakan enzim MscI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gen TLR4 | MscI bersifat polimorfik pada semua jenis ayam. Diperoleh 2 alel (A dan G). Frekuensi alel G (membawa sfat resisten) pada ayam Tolaki, Ras pedaging, dan petelur masing-masing 0.77, 0.87 dan 0.20. Nilaix2menunjukkan genTLR4|MscI berada dalan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dengan Ho dan He 0,31 dan 0,29. Nilai PIC 0,25 termasuk kategori medium. Gen TLR4| MscI dapat digunakan sebagai marka genetik sifat ketahanan ayam Tolaki terhadap infeksi Salmonellasp

Identifikasi Keragaman Gen TGF-β2 dan Asosiasinya dengan Sifat Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Tolaki

The transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) gene is a group of growth hormone (GH) genes that control the nature of growth and belongs to the cytokine group. This study aimed to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) g.640 T>C from the TGF-β2 gene then associated with the growth properties of tolaki chickens. Chicken blood samples used in this study amounted to 70 birds. Data on the nature of growth observed include; hatched weight, feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain and feed conversion. The TGF-β2 gene polymorphism was identified using the PCR-RFLP method. SNP g.640 T>C in the TGF-β2 gene was polymorphic and wasin Hardy-Weinberg balance. Identification results found 2 alleles, namely T and C and 3 genotype namely TT, TC, and CC. The association of TGF-β2 gene diversity in tolaki chicken generally showed a difference (P<0.05) on feed consumption, body weight and body weight gain. CC genotype has higher feed consumption, body weight, weight gain and more efficient feed conversion than TC and TT genotypes

Karakteristik Produksi Kambing Peranakan Etawa Dan Kambing Kacang Pada Sistem Pemeliharaan Berbeda Di Kecamatan Toari, Kabupaten Kolaka

Toari sub-district has a population of 4,434 head or 18.47% of the total 24,003 head of the goat population in Kolaka Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Etawa crossbreed goats and bean goats in different maintenance systems in the Toari District. The population in this study were all breeders of Etawa Peranakan goats and peanut goats in the Toari District with the research sample of Ranomentaa, Rano Jaya, Lakito, and Toari villages. The sampling method was determined by purposive sampling, ie the sample was determined intentionally while the data used were primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through interviews of 100 respondents while secondary data were obtained from the District, village, and related government offices. The results showed that the production of Etawa Peranakan goat and PE Goat Production characteristics (body weight, birth type, chest circumference, body length, shoulder height, and pelvic height) General Etawa (PE) goats were higher compared to pea goats both in maintenance intensive, semi-intensive or extensive system

Deep Multilayer Brain Proteomics Identifies Molecular Networks in Alzheimer\u27s Disease Progression

Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) displays a long asymptomatic stage before dementia. We characterize AD stage-associated molecular networks by profiling 14,513 proteins and 34,173 phosphosites in the human brain with mass spectrometry, highlighting 173 protein changes in 17 pathways. The altered proteins are validated in two independent cohorts, showing partial RNA dependency. Comparisons of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes reveal biomarker candidates. Combining with 5xFAD mouse analysis, we determine 15 Aβ-correlated proteins (e.g., MDK, NTN1, SMOC1, SLIT2, and HTRA1). 5xFAD shows a proteomic signature similar to symptomatic AD but exhibits activation of autophagy and interferon response and lacks human-specific deleterious events, such as downregulation of neurotrophic factors and synaptic proteins. Multi-omics integration prioritizes AD-related molecules and pathways, including amyloid cascade, inflammation, complement, WNT signaling, TGF-β and BMP signaling, lipid metabolism, iron homeostasis, and membrane transport. Some Aβ-correlated proteins are colocalized with amyloid plaques. Thus, the multilayer omics approach identifies protein networks during AD progression

Age- and Gender-Related Changes in Contractile Properties of Non-Atrophied EDL Muscle

Background: In humans, ageing causes skeletal muscles to become atrophied, weak, and easily fatigued. In rodent studies, ageing has been associated with significant muscle atrophy and changes in the contractile properties of the muscles. However, it is not entirely clear whether these changes in contractile properties can occur before there is significant atrophy, and whether males and females are affected differently. Methods and Results: We investigated various contractile properties of whole isolated fast-twitch EDL muscles from adult (2–6 months-old) and aged (12–22 months-old) male and female mice. Atrophy was not present in the aged mice. Compared with adult mice, EDL muscles of aged mice had significantly lower specific force, longer tetanus relaxation times, and lower fatiguability. In the properties of absolute force and muscle relaxation times, females were affected by ageing to a greater extent than males. Additionally, EDL muscles from a separate group of male mice were subjected to eccentric contractions of 15 % strain, and larger force deficits were found in aged than in adult mice. Conclusion: Our findings provide further insight into the muscle atrophy, weakness and fatiguability experienced by the elderly. We have shown that even in the absence of muscle atrophy, there are definite alterations in the physiological properties of whole fast-twitch muscle from ageing mice, and for some of these properties the alterations are mor

Integrated Approaches for Analyzing U1-70K Cleavage in Alzheimer’s Disease

The accumulation of pathologic protein fragments is common in neurodegenerative disorders. We have recently identified in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the aggregation of the U1-70K splicing factor and abnormal RNA processing. Here, we present that U1-70K can be cleaved into an N-terminal truncation (N40K) in ∼50% of AD cases, and the N40K abundance is inversely proportional to the total level of U1-70K. To map the cleavage site, we compared tryptic peptides of N40K and stable isotope labeled U1-70K by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS), revealing that the proteolysis site is located in a highly repetitive and hydrophilic domain of U1-70K. We then adapted Western blotting to map the cleavage site in two steps: (i) mass spectrometric analysis revealing that U1-70K and N40K share the same N-termini and contain no major modifications; (ii) matching N40K with a series of six recombinant U1-70K truncations to define the cleavage site within a small region (Arg300 ± 6 residues). Finally, N40K expression led to substantial degeneration of rat primary hippocampal neurons. In summary, we combined multiple approaches to identify the U1-70K proteolytic site and found that the N40K fragment might contribute to neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease