ANALYSIS OF VEGF GENE EXPRESSION IN PLACENTAS OF CLONED BOVINES, PRODUCED IN VITRO AND IN VIVO, BY SEMIQUANTITATIVE RT-PCR)

O sucesso da produção de embriões por fecundação in vitro ou transferência nuclear depende de uma variedade de fatores, dos quais a formação de uma incompleta vascularização placentária representa uma das principais causas de perda gestacional precoce. Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a expressão relativa de Fator de Crescimento Endotélio-vascular (VEGF), um potente agente vasculogênico, em placentas de bovinos clonados por transferência nuclear (NT), produzidos por fecundação in vitro (FIV), ou por monta natural (MN). Verificou-se um decréscimo altamente significativo de expressão de VEGF nas placentas dos animais produzidos in vitro, quando comparados aos animais MN (1,32a; 0,21b; 0,31b, respectivamente para MN, FIV e NT, p<0,05; teste de Duncan), sugerindo haver falha na reprogramação gênica, gerada tanto no sistema de cultivo, quanto na manipulação física de gametas e embriões, alterando o padrão de vascularização placentária e, portanto, ocasionando perdas gestacionais.metas 200

Semen analysis of G olden R etriever healthy dogs and those affected by muscular dystrophy

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106077/1/and12079.pd

Análise de repetições em dados biológicos

The decoding of the genomes has created new challenges on the scientific community linked to the area of computation and information technologies. Daily, new data is added to numerous databases with billions of records, coming from more advanced equipment, helping in decoding the genomes. Determine how important and relevant are these data in order to find value-added information and obviously turn them into knowledge,is the main challenge for the bioinformatics research community. The analysis of genomes and proteomes of several organisms allow us to observe the behaviour at the evolution of species. In this study, our focus goes to a particular aspect of this analysis: the repetition of some codons and their amino acids inside several orthologous genes in eukaryotic organisms. Belonging to different stages of evolution, the main objective focuses on achieving results on the evolution of these repetitions over millions of years. We now know that these repetitions in humans are the source of several neurodegenerative diseases among others. This analysis will verify the conservation or repression, of these repetitions throughout the process of speciation as well at the level of relationship that may exist between these repetitions and those diseases. For this study we have developed an algorithm for A descodificação dos genomas veio criar novos desafios na comunidade científica ligada à área da computação e da informática. Diariamente são alimentadas inúmeras bases de dados com biliões de registos provenientes de equipamentos cada vez mais evoluídos, que auxiliam na descodificação dos genomas. Determinar o quão importante e relevante são esses dados, de forma a retirar valor acrescentado – informação, e obviamente transformá-los em conhecimento, é o grande desafio actual para a comunidade de investigadores de bioinformática. A análise de genomas, bem como dos proteomas dos vários organismos permitem-nos observar o comportamento ao nível da evolução das espécies. Neste estudo focamos a atenção num aspecto particular dessa análise: as repetições de determinados codões e dos respectivos aminoácidos nos vários organismos eucariotas, especificamente em genes ortólogos. Pertencente a várias fases da evolução das espécies, o objectivo principal centra-se na obtenção de resultados quanto à evolução dessas repetições ao longo de milhões de anos. Sabemos hoje que essas repetições no ser humano são a causa de diversas doenças neuro-degenerativas, entre outras, pelo que esta análise permitirá verificar o estado de conservação ou repressão, dessas repetições ao longo do processo de especiação, bem como ao nível do relacionamento que poderá existir entre essas repetições e as doenças nos seres superiormente evoluídos. Para este estudo foi desenvolvido um algoritmo de detecção de padrões de repetição, que possibilita uma análise detalhada da localização de uma determinada sequência, bem como das sequências que melhor se ajustam ao padrão de repetição inicial.Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúd

SEGMENTOS ANÁTOMO-CIRÚRGICOS ARTERIAIS DA GLÂNDULA MAMÁRIA EM CÃES (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758)

Trinta complexos mamários (60 antímeros) de cadelas adultas, sem raça definida, foram estudados após injeções com substância látex e através de radiografias. Os segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos arteriais foram identificados e nomeados de acordo com a localização das glândulas mamárias irrigadas, como se segue: as Aa. 4ª e 5ª perfurantes penetram na mama 1 em 85% dos casos - segmento torácico; 6ª e 7ª perfurantes penetram na mama 2 em 48,33% - segmento toraco-abdominal; A. epigástrica cranial superficial tem divisão intraparenquimal em: 1. rr. retrógrados à mama 2 em 51,66% - segmento toraco-abdominal cranial; 2. rr. terminais à mama 3 em 73,32% - segmento toraco-abdominal caudal. A A. epigástrica caudal superficial divide-se em 2 sub-segmentos: 1. seus rr. primários e rr. labiais ventrais à mama 5 e 4 em 96,66% - segmento inguino-abdominal caudal; 2. rr. terminais à mama 3 em 51,66% - segmento inguino-abdominal cranial. Foram evidenciadas anastomoses em 78,33%, todavia estas podem não ser significativas nas mastectomias. Arterial anatomosurgical segments of the mammary glands in dogs (Canis familiaris, Linnaeus, 1758) Abstract Thirty mammary complexes (sixty antimers) from cross bred multiparous bitches, were injected with latex and then studied by means of radiology and dissection. The different anatomo-surgical arterial segments thus obtained were identified and designated according to the anatomical zone of irrigation of each mammary gland as follows: 1. Thoracic segment, by means of the fourth and fifth perforant arteries, penetrates the first mammary gland in 85% of the cases; 2. Thoracoabdominal segment, by means of the sixth and seventh perforant arteries, penetrates the second mammary gland in 48.33 % of the cases. This segment can also be divided as follows: 2.1. Retrograde branches of the cranial superficial epigastric artery that penetrates the second mammary gland in about 51.66% of the cases, as the toracoabdominal cranial segment; 2.2. Terminal branches of the last artery penetrate the third mammary gland in 73.32% of the cases, as the toracoabdominal caudal segment. 3. Inguinoabdominal segment may also possess two sub-- segments: 3.1. Caudal superficial epigastric artery with primary branches penetrating the fourth mamma and the ventral labial branches, penetrating the fifth mamma in 96.66% of the cases, as inguinoabdomninal caudal segment. 3.2. Terminal branches of the caudal superficial epigastric artery penetrates the third mamma in 51.66% of the cases as inguinoabdominal cranial segment. The anastomosis observed in 78.33% of the cases may not have significance in mastectomy

Morphology of the male genital organs and cloaca of Rhea americana americana

As características morfológicas, macroscópicas e microscópicas, dos órgãos genitais masculinos e da cloaca foram analisados em 23 emas, quatro filhotes (duas semanas), sete jovens (de três a oito meses) e doze adultos (três anos), provenientes da Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS, e do CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. Os testículos da ema possuem formato alongado e localizam-se na cavidade celomática, na região intra-abdominal dorsal, com comprimento e larguras médias de 7,6±1,2cm e 2,6± 0,7cm nos adultos; 4,5±1,5cm e 0,9±0,4cm nos jovens; e 0,8±0,3cm, e 0,2±0,1cm nos filhotes. O testículo está envolto pela túnica albugínea e seu parênquima possui túbulos seminíferos irregulares, compostos por epitélio espermatogênico e por células de sustentação, e pelo tecido intersticial, com as células endócrinas intersticiais, tecido conjuntivo frouxo e vasos. Nos adultos observaram-se todas as células da linhagem espermatogênica, enquanto nos jovens com 3 meses, os testículos apresentaram túbulos seminíferos com luz reduzidas, espermatogônias e células de sustentação indiferenciadas. Os ductos eferentes possuem um epitélio cúbico ciliado, enquanto no ducto epididimário o epitélio é columnar. O epidídimo apresentou-se alongado e fusiforme junto a margem medial do testículo. O ducto deferentes apresentou trajeto sinuoso nos adultos, retilíneo nos jovens, convoluto na sua porção média, diminuindo seu formato sigmóide em sua porção caudal, próximo à cloaca. O epitélio é pseudoestratificado e reveste a luz irregular nos adultos e circular nos jovens, mantendo proximidade com o ureter. A cloaca dividiu-se em três segmentos: o coprodeu, o urodeo e o proctodeo. No urodeu os ductos deferentes desembocaram em papilas na parede ventro-lateral, próximo a inserção do falo fibroso. O falo é um órgão fibroso linfático, localizado na parede ventral, no assoalho da cloaca, e apresentou duas porções: uma rígida bifurcada e contorcida, e outra simples espiralada e flexível, a qual normalmente esteve invertida. Em exposição forçada, o falo teve 14 cm de comprimento. De forma geral os órgãos reprodutores das emas compartilharam da morfologia de outras aves, principalmente aquelas descritas para os avestruzes.The rhea (Rhea americana americana) is a bird that belongs to the group of the Ratitas, order Rheiforme and family Rheidae. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the male genital organ (testes, epididymis, deferent ducts, and phallus) and the cloaca were analyzed in 23 emas, four chicken (2 weeks old), young (3 to 10 months old), and twelve adult ones (3 years old), from Cooperativa Emas do Brasil, RS and from CEMAS, Mossoró, RN. The testis of rhea had elongated shape and were located inside coelomatic cavity, in dorsal region of abdominal cavity, with medium length and width of 7.6±1.2cm and 2.6±0.7cm at adult animals; 4.5±1.5cm and 0.9±0.4cm at young animals; and 0.8±0.3cm, and 0.2±0.1cm at chicken. The testis were recovered by the tunica albuginea and its parenchyma had seminiferous tubules composed by spermatogenic epithelium and by sustentation cells, and also interstitial tissue, with interstitial endocrine cells, connective tissue and vessels. At the adult animals were observed all the cells from spermatogenic lineage, whilst at the youngs with 3 months the seminiferous tubules had a smale lumen with spermatogonia and undifferentiated sustentacular cells. The efferents ductus were composed by a cubic ciliated epithelium, while the epididimydis duct had a columnar epithelium. The epididymis was elongated and fusiform closely to medial testis board. The deferent duct had sinuous stretch at adult animals, rectilineae at young animal, convolute at its medium portion, decreasing its sigmoid shape at caudal portion, next to cloaca. The epithelium was pseudostratified ciliated, irregular lumen at adult animal, and circular at young animal, closely with urether. The cloaca was divided into three segments: coprodeum, urodeum and proctodeum. At urodeum the deferent ducts discharged into papillas at the ventral side wall, next to fibrous phallus's insertion. The phallus was a lymphatic fibrous organ, located at ventral wall, at the cloaca floor, and was composed by two portions: one rigid forked and twisted, and another simple spiraled and flexible, which normally was inverted. In forced exposition, the phallus had 14 cm in length. In a general way the Rhea genital organs shared the morphology from others birds, mainly those described to the ostrich

Chorioallantoic and yolk sac placentation in the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) - A caviomorph rodent with natural polyovulation

Objectives: Reproduction in the plains viscacha is characterized by the polyovulation of hundreds of oocytes, the loss of implantation and the development of 1-3 offspring. Our goal was to determine whether placental development was affected by these specializations. Study design: Thirteen placentas from early pregnancy to near-term pregnancy were analyzed using histological, immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy. Results: An inverted, villous yolk sac was present. Placentas were formed by the trophospongium, labyrinth and subplacenta. A lobulated structure with a hemomonochorial barrier was established early in pregnancy. Proliferating trophoblast that was clustered at the outer border and inside the labyrinth was responsible for placental growth. Trophoblast invasion resulted from the cellular trophoblast and syncytial streamers derived from the subplacenta. Different from other caviomorphs, numerous giant cells were observed. Conclusions: The principle processes of placentation in caviomorphs follow an extraordinarily stable pattern that is independent of specializations, such as polyovulation.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Placentation in Sigmodontinae: a rodent taxon native to South America

Background: Sigmodontinae, known as ""New World rats and mice,"" is a large subfamily of Cricetidae for which we herein provide the first comprehensive investigation of the placenta. Methods: Placentas of various gestational ages ranging from early pregnancy to near term were obtained for five genera, i.e. Necromys, Euryoryzomys, Cerradomys, Hylaeamys, and Oligoryzomys. They were investigated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, a proliferation marker, DBA-lectin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The chorioallantoic placenta was organized in a labyrinthine zone, spongy zone and decidua and an inverted yolk sac persisted until term. The chorioallantoic placenta was hemotrichorial. The interhemal barrier comprised fetal capillary endothelium and three layers of trophoblast, an outermost, cellular layer and two syncytial ones, with interspersed trophoblast giant cells (TGC). In addition, accumulations of TGC occurred below Reichert's membrane. The junctional zone contained syncytial trophoblast, proliferative cellular trophoblast, glycogen cells and TGC that were situated near to the maternal blood channels. In three of the genera, TGC were also accumulated in distinct areas at the placental periphery. PAS-positive glycogen cells derived from the junctional zone invaded the decidua. Abundant maternal uNK cells with positive response to PAS, vimentin and DBA-lectin were found in the decidua. The visceral yolk sac was completely inverted and villous. Conclusion: The general aspect of the fetal membranes in Sigmodontinae resembled that found in other cricetid rodents. Compared to murid rodents there were larger numbers of giant cells and in some genera these were seen to congregate at the periphery of the placental disk. Glycogen cells were found to invade the decidua but we did not identify trophoblast in the walls of the deeper decidual arteries. In contrast these vessels were surrounded by large numbers of uNK cells. This survey of wild-trapped specimens from five genera is a useful starting point for the study of placentation in an important subfamily of South American rodents. We note, however, that some of these rodents can be captive bred and recommend that future studies focus on the study of time dated pregnancies.This research was supported by grants from FAPESP (Proc. 07/51491-3 and\ud 09/53392-8)

Fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine and idarubicin-based induction may overcome the negative prognostic impact of flt3-itd in npm1 mutated aml, irrespectively of flt3-itd allelic Burden

The mutations of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD represent the most frequent genetic aberration in acute myeloid leukemia. Indeed, the presence of an NPM1 mutation reduces the negative prognostic impact of FLT3-ITD in patients treated with conventional “3+7” induction. However, little information is available on their prognostic role with intensified regimens. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine and idarubicin induction (FLAI) in 149 consecutive fit AML patients (median age 52) carrying the NPM1 and/or FLT3-ITD mutation, treated from 2008 to 2018. One-hundred-and-twenty-nine patients achieved CR (86.6%). After a median follow up of 68 months, 3-year overall survival was 58.6%. Multivariate analysis disclosed that both NPM1mut (p &lt; 0.05) and ELN 2017 risk score (p &lt; 0.05) were significant predictors of survival. NPM1-mutated patients had a favorable outcome, with no significant differences between patients with or without concomitant FLT3-ITD (p = 0.372), irrespective of FLT3-ITD allelic burden. Moreover, in landmark analysis, performing allogeneic transplantation (HSCT) in first CR proved to be beneficial only in ELN 2017 high-risk patients. Our data indicate that FLAI exerts a strong anti-leukemic effect in younger AML patients with NPM1mut and question the role of HSCT in 1st CR in NPM1mut patients with concomitant FLT3-ITD