THE PROJECT PLOT (PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL TRANSECT) - OVERVIEW AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE PREGLACIAL TO POSTGLACIAL HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

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Информационная поддержка логистической системы поставки лекарственных средств

The primary goal of the state program "Development of Pharmaceutical and Medical industry" for 2013-2020" is the creation of innovative Russian pharmaceutical and medical industry of international standard. According to forecasts the share of Russian pharmaceutical companies in the market is going to increase from 14 to 50%. In order to ensure a complex approach to problem solving in pharmaceutical industry it needs to develop new mechanisms to manage industry sectors, clusters and enterprises. One of the most effective forms of management in this case is the creation of logistic schemes for medicine delivery to the population. The article describes the requirements for medicine delivery. We provide the economic and statistical technique – based on ABC/VEN-analysis – for the identification of the medicine demand in a large health care facility. The article uncovers the specifics of formation of a decision-making support system in time and amount of order in the context of (s, Q)-policy. The results reflect the specific features of construction of information support systems in medicine delivery.Рассмотрены условия снабжения лекарственными средствами. На основе АВС/VEN-анализа, предложена экономико-статистическая методика определения потребности в лекарственных средствах крупного лечебного учреждения. Предлагается использовать гибридные системы прогнозирования, основанные на совместном использовании методов фильтрации и нейронных сетей. Выявлены условия осуществления (s,Q)-политики по времени и объему заказа

Northern Eurasian large lakes history: sediment records obtained in the frame of Russian-German research project PLOT

Russian-German project PLOT (Paleolimnological Transect) aims at investigating the regional responses of the quaternary climate and environment on external forcing and feedback mechanisms along a more than 6000 km long longitudinal transect crossing Northern Eurasia. The well-dated record from Lake El´gygytgyn used as reference site for comparison the local climatic and environmental histories. Seismic surveys and sediment coring up to 54 m below lake floor performed in the frame of the project on Ladoga Lake (North-West of Russia; 2013), Lake Bolshoye Shchuchye (Polar Ural; 2016), Lake Levinson-Lessing and Lake Taymyr (Taymyr Peninsula; 2016-2017), Lake Emanda (Verkhoyansk Range; 2017). Fieldwork at Polar Ural and Taymyr Peninsula was conducted in collaboration with the Russian-Norwegian CHASE (Climate History along the Arctic Seaboard of Eurasia) project. Here, we present the major results of the project obtained so far

A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment - trends and implications for climate reconstruction

\ua9 Copyright: Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes, and lake evaporation. While every lake has its own local set of drivers of δ18O variability, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of paleoenvironmental records. This study provides a comprehensive compilation and combined statistical evaluation of the existing lake sediment δ18OBSi records, largely missing in other summary publications (i.e. PAGES network). For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down-core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution, ranging from decadal-scale records covering the past 150 years to records with multi-millennial-scale resolution spanning glacial-interglacial cycles. The best coverage in number of records (NCombining double low line37) and data points (NCombining double low line2112) is available for Northern Hemispheric (NH) extratropical regions throughout the Holocene (roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times <100 years. For mid- to high-latitude (>45\ub0N) lakes, we find common δ18OBSi patterns among the lake records during both the Holocene and Common Era (CE). These include maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes, such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long-term air temperature changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives, as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratropical lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) timescales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and hence constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions

A global compilation of diatom silica oxygen isotope records from lake sediment – trends and implications for climate reconstruction

© 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica (δ 18OBSi) from lake sediments allow for quantitative reconstruction of past hydroclimate and proxy-model comparison in terrestrial environments. The signals of individual records have been attributed to different factors, such as air temperature (Tair), atmospheric circulation patterns, hydrological changes, and lake evaporation. While every lake has its own local set of drivers of δ 18O variability, here we explore the extent to which regional or even global signals emerge from a series of paleoenvironmental records. This study provides a comprehensive compilation and combined statistical evaluation of the existing lake sediment δ 18OBSi records, largely missing in other summary publications (i.e. PAGES network). For this purpose, we have identified and compiled 71 down-core records published to date and complemented these datasets with additional lake basin parameters (e.g. lake water residence time and catchment size) to best characterize the signal properties. Records feature widely different temporal coverage and resolution, ranging from decadal-scale records covering the past 150 years to records with multi-millennial-scale resolution spanning glacial-interglacial cycles. The best coverage in number of records (NCombining double low line37) and data points (NCombining double low line2112) is available for Northern Hemispheric (NH) extratropical regions throughout the Holocene (roughly corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 1; MIS 1). To address the different variabilities and temporal offsets, records were brought to a common temporal resolution by binning and subsequently filtered for hydrologically open lakes with lake water residence times 45°N) lakes, we find common δ 18OBSi patterns among the lake records during both the Holocene and Common Era (CE). These include maxima and minima corresponding to known climate episodes, such as the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM), Neoglacial Cooling, Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). These patterns are in line with long-term air temperature changes supported by previously published climate reconstructions from other archives, as well as Holocene summer insolation changes. In conclusion, oxygen isotope records from NH extratropical lake sediments feature a common climate signal at centennial (for CE) and millennial (for Holocene) timescales despite stemming from different lakes in different geographic locations and hence constitute a valuable proxy for past climate reconstructions.Peer reviewe

Overuse of short-acting β2-agonists in the Russian population with asthma: the persisting threat

Short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) overuse is associated with negative outcomes in asthma patients. There is a lack of actual data about patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma. The aim. To investigate patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma. Methods. Data from the Russian population of “SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III” study were analyzed. SABINA III was a cross-sectional observational study covering 24 countries. Adults and adolescents with a documented diagnosis of asthma for at least 12 months were enrolled in the study. Data on disease characteristics and asthma treatments during previous 12 months were collected using real-time electronic case report forms and were analyzed with methods of descriptive statistics. Results. Majority of the Russian population (n = 618) consisted of patients with moderate/ severe asthma (78.5%). Asthma was uncontrolled or partly controlled in 70% of patients. SABA over-prescription (≥ 3 canisters per year) was seen in 37% of patients. The frequency of SABA over-prescription was similar in patients with mild (35%) and moderate/severe (38%) asthma. SABA was purchased over-the-counter (OTC) in the past 12 months by 30% of all patients, while 14% purchased ≥ 3 canisters of SABA per year. More than 90% of patients who purchased SABA OTC, already received prescriptions for SABA, of whom 59% were prescribed ≥ 3 canisters per year. Conclusion. Russia is faced with very high level of SABA overuse. Over-prescription is the main cause for SABA overuse. To reduce SABA overuse, it is necessary to educate both patients and doctors, and actively implement up-to-date asthma treatments.Избыточное использование β2-агонистов короткого действия (КДБА) ассоциировано с неблагоприятными исходами у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА). Актуальные данные о распространенности избыточного использования КДБА в российской популяции больных БА отсутствуют. Целью исследования явилось изучение распространенности избыточного использования КДБА у пациентов с БА в России. Материалы и методы. В статье представлен анализ данных, полученных в российской популяции исследования SABINA (SABA use IN Asthma) III. Поперечное наблюдательное исследование SABINA III проводилось в 24 странах. В него включались взрослые и подростки с установленным диагнозом БА, наблюдаемые ≥ 12 мес. Данные о характеристиках заболевания и лекарственной терапии собирались ретроспективно за предыдущие 12 мес. и вносились в электронную базу данных в режиме реального времени. Применялись методы описательной статистики. Результаты. В российской группе больных БА (n = 618) большинство (78,5 %) имели среднетяжелую или тяжелую БА. Контроль над БА не был достигнут у 70 % пациентов. Избыточное назначение КДБА (≥ 3 ингаляторов в течение 12 мес.) выявлено у 37 % больных. Частота избыточного назначения КДБА была сходной с таковой при легкой (35 %) и более тяжелой (38 %) БА. Приобретали КДБА без назначения врача в течение года 30 % пациентов, при этом 14 % приобрели ≥ 3 ингаляторов за 12 мес. Из числа пациентов, покупавших КДБА самостоятельно, 90 % также получали рецепты на эти препараты, причем для 59 % пациентов рецепты были выписаны не менее чем на 3 ингалятора в год. Заключение. В России уровень избыточного использования КДБА очень высок. Главная причина этого – чрезмерное назначение КДБА врачами. Чтобы снизить уровень избыточного применения КДБА, необходимо обучать пациентов и врачей, а также активно внедрять современные подходы к терапии БА

Избыточное использование β2 -агонистов короткого действия у больных бронхиальной астмой в России: угроза сохраняется

Short-acting β2 -agonists (SABA) overuse is associated with negative outcomes in asthma patients. There is a lack of actual data about patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma.The aim. To investigate patterns of SABA overuse in the Russian population with asthma.Methods. Data from the Russian population of “SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III” study were analyzed. SABINA III was a cross-sectional observational study covering 24 countries. Adults and adolescents with a documented diagnosis of asthma for at least 12 months were enrolled in the study. Data on disease characteristics and asthma treatments during previous 12 months were collected using real-time electronic case report forms and were analyzed with methods of descriptive statistics.Results. Majority of the Russian population (n = 618) consisted of patients with moderate/ severe asthma (78.5%). Asthma was uncontrolled or partly controlled in 70% of patients. SABA over-prescription (≥ 3 canisters per year) was seen in 37% of patients. The frequency of SABA over-prescription was similar in patients with mild (35%) and moderate/severe (38%) asthma. SABA was purchased over-the-counter (OTC) in the past 12 months by 30% of all patients, while 14% purchased ≥ 3 canisters of SABA per year. More than 90% of patients who purchased SABA OTC, already received prescriptions for SABA, of whom 59% were prescribed ≥ 3 canisters per year.Conclusion. Russia is faced with very high level of SABA overuse. Over-prescription is the main cause for SABA overuse. To reduce SABA overuse, it is necessary to educate both patients and doctors, and actively implement up-to-date asthma treatments. Избыточное использование β2 -агонистов короткого действия (КДБА) ассоциировано с неблагоприятными исходами у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой (БА). Актуальные данные о распространенности избыточного использования КДБА в российской популяции больных БА отсутствуют.Целью исследования явилось изучение распространенности избыточного использования КДБА у пациентов с БА в России.Материалы и методы. В статье представлен анализ данных, полученных в российской популяции исследования SABINA (SABA use IN Asthma) III. Поперечное наблюдательное исследование SABINA III проводилось в 24 странах. В него включались взрослые и подростки с установленным диагнозом БА, наблюдаемые ≥ 12 мес. Данные о характеристиках заболевания и лекарственной терапии собирались ретроспективно за предыдущие 12 мес. и вносились в электронную базу данных в режиме реального времени. Применялись методы описательной статистики.Результаты. В российской группе больных БА (n = 618) большинство (78,5 %) имели среднетяжелую или тяжелую БА. Контроль над БА не был достигнут у 70 % пациентов. Избыточное назначение КДБА (≥ 3 ингаляторов в течение 12 мес.) выявлено у 37 % больных. Частота избыточного назначения КДБА была сходной с таковой при легкой (35 %) и более тяжелой (38 %) БА. Приобретали КДБА без назначения врача в течение года 30 % пациентов, при этом 14 % приобрели ≥ 3 ингаляторов за 12 мес. Из числа пациентов, покупавших КДБА самостоятельно, 90 % также получали рецепты на эти препараты, причем для 59 % пациентов рецепты были выписаны не менее чем на 3 ингалятора в год.Заключение. В России уровень избыточного использования КДБА очень высок. Главная причина этого – чрезмерное назначение КДБА врачами. Чтобы снизить уровень избыточного применения КДБА, необходимо обучать пациентов и врачей, а также активно внедрять современные подходы к терапии БА

The information support of the logistic system of medicine supply

The primary goal of the state program "Development of Pharmaceutical and Medical industry" for 2013-2020" is the creation of innovative Russian pharmaceutical and medical industry of international standard. According to forecasts the share of Russian pharmaceutical companies in the market is going to increase from 14 to 50%. In order to ensure a complex approach to problem solving in pharmaceutical industry it needs to develop new mechanisms to manage industry sectors, clusters and enterprises. One of the most effective forms of management in this case is the creation of logistic schemes for medicine delivery to the population. The article describes the requirements for medicine delivery. We provide the economic and statistical technique – based on ABC/VEN-analysis – for the identification of the medicine demand in a large health care facility. The article uncovers the specifics of formation of a decision-making support system in time and amount of order in the context of (s, Q)-policy. The results reflect the specific features of construction of information support systems in medicine delivery

Detectability of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations with CT Angiography in the Chuvash Republic

Objective. To estimate the detection rate of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the Chuvash Republic and their characteristics.Material and methods. The results of CT angiographies performed at the Unit of Radiation Diagnosis in 2014–2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Results. Over 4 years, brain AVMs were first detected in 29 patients (5–9 cases per year); of them 59% were men and 41% were women. The peak detectability occurred at the age of 31–40 years. AVMs were more frequently localized in the frontal and temporal regions. The high risk of surgery for AVMs according to the grading scheme by R. Spetzler and N. Martin (1986) occurred in 10% of cases. Besides AVMs, cerebral vascular aneurysms were detected in 14% of patients.Conclusion. Small AVMs with a low risk of surgery are more common; however, there is a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications. The risk of cerebral hemorrhage is higher when AVMs are fed by the internal carotid arteries and drained into the deep veins. The likelihood of strokes in AVMs is 27% higher in patients with the open circle of Willis