ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ІНВАЛІДНОСТІ ДИТЯЧОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose: to study and analyze the indices of disability among infant population in Ukraine.Materials and Methods. The data of State statistical reporting for the years 2013–2017 were used as materials of research. Statistical method was applied in the course of research.Results. The total index of infants’ disability is decreasing alongside with increasing index of the prevalence of disability among infants that is caused by endocrine diseases, nutrition and metabolism disorders, diseases of the skin and fatty tissue, mental and behavioral disorders, diseases of blood circulation. The leading positions in the structure of infants’ disability belong to congenital defects of development, deformations and chromosome anomalies, diseases of the nervous system, mental and behavioral disorders.Conclusions. High indices of total and primary disability of infants require the development of State program for their rehabilitation.Мета: вивчити та проаналізувати показники інвалідності дитячого населення в Україні.Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження слугували дані державної статистичної звітності за період 2013–2017 рр. У ході дослідження використано статистичний метод дослідження.Результати. При зниженні загального показника інвалідності дітей підвищується показник поширеності інвалідності, яка зумовлена ендокринними хворобами, розладами харчування та порушеннями обміну речовин; хворобами шкіри та підшкірної клітковини; розладами психіки та поведінки; хворобами системи кровообігу. У структурі інвалідності у дітей лідирують природжені вади розвитку, деформації та хромосомні аномалії, хвороби нервової системи, розлади психіки і поведінки.Висновки. Високі показники загальної та первинної інвалідності дітей потребують прийняття державної програми їх реабілітації

Effect of Bacteriophages and Gentamycine on Morphology and Vesicle Formation of Bacteria Yersinia pestis EV

Objective was to assess the effect of specific bacteriophages and gentamycine on the morphological-functional properties of bacteria in the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV.Materials and methods. The vaccine strain Y. pestis EV, Pokrovskaya bacteriophage and the pseudotuberculous diagnostic bacteriophage were used for the study. The microbial culture was grown on solid and in liquid growth media at 27 °C for 20–24 h. The co-incubation of bacteria and bacteriophage or gentamycine was carried out at 27 °C for 20 minutes or at 37 °C for 2 hours, respectively. Culture preparations were examined by transmission electron microscopy.Results and discussion. The influence of cultivation conditions and various stress factors on the vesicle production by the vaccine strain Y. pestis EV cells was evaluated. The nature and intensity of morphological-functional changes in Y. pestis EV cells in response to the effect of bacteriophages (plague Pokrovskaya and pseudotuberculous bacteriophages) or an antibiotic (gentamycine) were determined. It was established that co-incubation of Y. pestis EV with Pokrovskaya bacteriophage or gentamycine for 20 min leads to the increase in the production of extracellular vesicles and is accompanied by the development of degenerative changes in bacterial cells

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of acute cytotoxic liver damage as potential biological targets for magnesium-containing cell-protective drug

Many anti-tumor drugs have a high potential for toxic damage to liver cells, which makes it necessary to identify molecular mechanisms of the development of the negative impact of drugs on the liver and to develop effective methods for preventing and correcting this adverse effec

Changes in the T and B lymphocyte subset profiles upon treatment of patients with Graves’ disease with radioactive iodine

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the subpopulation profile of T and B lymphocytes, and their relationships during therapy of the patients with Graves’ disease (GD) treated by means of radioactive iodine. We have examined 36 women with verified diagnosis of GD. The contents of thyroid hormones were determined by immunoradiometric analysis. The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies (rTSH) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. On the basis of comprehensive pre-therapeutic examination, all patients were exposed to the fixed-activity therapy with radioactive iodine-131 at a dose of 400 to 700 MBq administered orally in isotonic aqueous solution of sodium iodide. 56 practically healthy women were examined as a control group. The phenotype of T and B cells in whole blood was studied by flow cytometry using direct immunofluorescence. It was shown that the patients, prior to treatment with radioactive iodine, had high levels of cellular functional activity, as determined by expression of CD25 antigen on T cells and CD23-antigen on B lymphocytes. Higher functional activity of the cells responsive for adaptive immunity in the patients with GD manifests in the presence of increased levels of autoantibodies to rTSH. By means of correlation analysis, we found that the patients with GD examined before the therapy had the thyroid status may determine the functional stimulation of T and B cells, thus increasing the levels of autoimmune processes. One month after radioiodine therapy (RIT), the GD patients, along with transient hyperthyroidism with increased concentration of autoantibodies to rTSH, showed a reduction of activated T lymphocyte contents (including T helpers and cytotoxic T cells) to control values. However, the level of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the blood remained low, and the content of Treg cells was significantly increased in the patients. Decreased contents of B cells activated memory B cell to the control levels were found in patients with GD over 1 month after RIT when studying the phenotype of blood B lymphocytes. In this case, increased levels of naive B lymphocytes and B2 cells were detected, as well as decreased numbers of activated B1 lymphocytes. The observed changes in the subpopulation composition of T and B cells, and in their phenotype developed against the background of complete absence of relationships between the studied parameters, thus suggesting loss of thyroid control of immune processes and cooperative cell interaction during the development of the immune response. Generally, the phenotypic changes of T and B lymphocyte subsets in the blood of patients with GD through 1 month after treatment with radioactive iodine may reflect a trend for decreased functional activity of adaptive cellular immunity which may also account for inhibition of autoimmune processes

Analysis of students progress on the topics: «Qualitative analysis cations and anions» and «Gravimetry. Heterogeneous equilibrium in the solution-precipitate system»

The article presents a comparative analysis of students progress on two topics: «Qualitative analysis», studied without lecturing, and «Gravimetry and heterogeneous equilibrium», lectured.В статье представлен сравнительный анализ успеваемости студентов по двум темам: «Качественный анализ», изучаемой без чтения лекций, и «Гравиметрия и гетерогенное равновесие», читаемой лекционн

Analysis of students progress on the topics: «Qualitative analysis cations and anions» and «gravimetry. Heterogeneous equilibrium in the «solution-precipitate» system»

The article presents a comparative analysis of students progress on two topics: «Qualitative analysis», studied without lecturing, and «Gravimetry and heterogeneous equilibrium», lectured.В статье представлен сравнительный анализ успеваемости студентов по двум темам: «Качественный анализ», изучаемой без чтения лекций, и «Гравиметрия и гетерогенное равновесие», читаемой лекционн

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in comorbidpatient: is the immunological diagnostics always unambiguous

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), previously called Churg—Strauss syndrome, represents a rare form of ANCA-associated necrotising vasculitis which affects small vessels. This disease is characterized by typical combination of immunological disturbances, hypereosinophilia, severe bronchial asthma, transient pulmonary infiltrates, and kidney injury which is less frequent than in other forms of necrotising vasculitis.Verification of the diagnosis is often hampered by comorbidities, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the patients with long-term smoking history and occupational hazards.In this article, we report a clinical case of EGPA in elderly patient with preceding COPD which caused diagnostic difficulties for this eosinophilic syndrome. Clinical pattern at the beginning of disease was presented by moderate inspiratory dyspnea and cough with small amounts of mucus sputum, which appeared after longterm exposure to chlorine-containing substances. COPD diagnosis in this patient was based on clinical pattern, long smoking experience, and occupational hazards. However, persistence of the symptoms during the ongoing therapy, as well as multidirectional dynamics of transient pulmonary infiltrates found on repeated CT-scans, prompted us to intensify diagnostic search for a systemic disease. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs of bronchial asthma were revealed, as well as hypereosinophilia and sensory polyneuropathy, which, if combined with CT-scan data, allowed us to prove the EGPA diagnosis.This case shows that, despite great value of immune diagnostics, with negative blood tests for ANCA, it is necessary to detect mutually complicating comorbid pathology. EGPA was considered the basic diagnosis, and COPD as accompanying disorder, taking into account such reasons as an unfavorable prognosis for EGPA and the need for long-term chemotherapy with systemic corticosteroids and monoclonal antibodies. ANCA-negative testing in the patient, absence of severe kidney and skin lesions allows to suggest better clinical prognosis in this patient

The absence of plasma in “spark plasma sintering”

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a remarkable method for synthesizing and consolidating a large variety of both novel and traditional materials. The process typically uses moderate uni-axial pressures (<100 MPa) in conjunction with a pulsing on-off DC current during operation. There are a number of mechanisms proposed to account for the enhanced sintering abilities of the SPS process. Of these mechanisms, the one most commonly put forth and the one that draws the most controversy involves the presence of momentary plasma generated between particles. This study employees three separate experimental methods in an attempt to determine the presence or absence of plasma during SPS. The methods employed include: in-situ atomic emission spectroscopy, direct visual observation and ultra-fast in-situ voltage measurements. It was found using these experimental techniques that no plasma is present during the SPS process. This result was confirmed using several different powders across a wide spectrum of SPS conditions

Crystallization of Ti33Cu67 metallic glass under high-current density electrical pulses

We have studied the phase and structure evolution of the Ti33Cu67 amorphous alloy subjected to electrical pulses of high current density. By varying the pulse parameters, different stages of crystallization could be observed in the samples. Partial polymorphic nanocrystallization resulting in the formation of 5- to 8-nm crystallites of the TiCu2 intermetallic in the residual amorphous matrix occurred when the maximum current density reached 9.7·108 A m-2 and the pulse duration was 140 μs, though the calculated temperature increase due to Joule heating was not enough to reach the crystallization temperature of the alloy. Samples subjected to higher current densities and higher values of the evolved Joule heat per unit mass fully crystallized and contained the Ti2Cu3 and TiCu3 phases. A common feature of the crystallized ribbons was their non-uniform microstructure with regions that experienced local melting and rapid solidification

Облитерирующий бронхиолит при ревматоидном артрите (клиническое наблюдение)

Obliterative (constrictive) bronchiolitis (OB) is a rare disease characterized by destruction of the bronchiolar epithelium and subsequent progressive airway obstruction. OB is most common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to other systemic rheumatic diseases. Clinical manifestations of OB are found mainly with a long duration of RA and the absence of adequate therapy for articular manifestations. We present a clinical observation, demonstrating the distal respiratory tract involvement in a patient with RA during the first year of the disease, which is observed in no more than 10–20% of cases. The nonspecificity of respiratory symptoms on the background of immunosuppressive therapy led to a diverse differential diagnostic spectrum of pulmonary pathology. For timely diagnosis and optimization of therapeutic approaches, clinical suspicion for respiratory lesions in patients with RA and interdisciplinary cooperation are necessary.Облитерирующий (констриктивный) бронхиолит (ОБ) – редкое заболевание, характеризующееся разрушением бронхиолярного эпителия и последующей прогрессирующей обструкцией дыхательных путей. ОБ чаще всего встречается при ревматоидном артрите (РА) по сравнению с другими системными ревматическими заболеваниями. Клинические проявления OБ обнаруживаются в основном при большой длительности РА и отсутствии адекватной терапии суставных проявлений. Представлено клиническое наблюдение, демонстрирующее поражение дистальных отделов респираторного тракта у пациентки с РА в течение первого года заболевания, что отмечается не более чем в 10–20% случаев. Неспецифичность респираторных симптомов на фоне иммуносупрессивной терапии обусловила разнообразный дифференциально-диагностический спектр легочной патологии. Для своевременной диагностики и оптимизации терапевтической тактики необходимы клиническая настороженность в отношении поражения органов дыхания у больных РА и междисциплинарное сотрудничество