Conditions for the Dye Sensitization of Photoprocesses in Semiconductors

The necessary requirements for the photoeffect sensitization are the existence of electron states in the semiconductors capable of accepting energy from the dye and subsurface band bending. Methods for control of the sensitization efficiency are discussed. Keywords: Internal Photo Effect, Semiconductors, Dye Sensitization

Signatures of the slow solar wind streams from active regions in the inner corona

Some of local sources of the slow solar wind can be associated with spectroscopically detected plasma outflows at edges of active regions accompanied with specific signatures in the inner corona. The EUV telescopes (e.g. SPIRIT/CORONAS-F, TESIS/CORONAS-Photon and SWAP/PROBA2) sometimes observed extended ray-like structures seen at the limb above active regions in 1MK iron emission lines and described as "coronal rays". To verify the relationship between coronal rays and plasma outflows, we analyze an isolated active region (AR) adjacent to small coronal hole (CH) observed by different EUV instruments in the end of July - beginning of August 2009. On August 1 EIS revealed in the AR two compact outflows with the Doppler velocities V =10-30 km/s accompanied with fan loops diverging from their regions. At the limb the ARCH interface region produced coronal rays observed by EUVI/STEREO-A on July 31 as well as by TESIS on August 7. The rays were co-aligned with open magnetic field lines expanded to the streamer stalks. Using the DEM analysis, it was found that the fan loops diverged from the outflow regions had the dominant temperature of ~1 MK, which is similar to that of the outgoing plasma streams. Parameters of the solar wind measured by STEREO-B, ACE, WIND, STEREO-A were conformed with identification of the ARCH as a source region at the Wang-Sheeley-Arge map of derived coronal holes for CR 2086. The results of the study support the suggestion that coronal rays can represent signatures of outflows from ARs propagating in the inner corona along open field lines into the heliosphere.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics; 31 Pages; 13 Figure

The Policy of the Russian State on the Governance of Nomadic Peoples in the First Half of the XIX Century (the Case Study of Kalmyks)

The article deals with the policy of the Russian state on the governance of Kalmyks in the first half of the XIXth century. After the departure of the most part of the Kalmyk people to the territory of Qing China, the status of its statehood was undergoing great changes. The system of the governance of Kalmyk people was clearly worked out and put into operation during the reforms of the governors of the Russian Empire, Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I. The administrative guardianship was established over the Kalmyk people with a number of legislative acts for long time, till 1917

Toponymic Landscape of Shadrinsk in Aspect of Regional and Local Identity: A Sociolinguistic Study

This article addresses the issue of representing regional and local identity in urban toponymy. Based on a sociological interpretation of the phenomenon of territorial identity in an urban environment, the authors aim to identify how residents perceive the toponymic / urbanonymic landscape as a translator of local distinctiveness. The study was conducted in the Zaural city of Shadrinsk, founded in the 17th century. The research method involved a targeted survey of residents on the Internet, followed by socio- and linguocultural interpretation of the data obtained. The results of the study allowed for the identification of stable key characteristics in the established image of Shadrinsk among its residents. A discrepancy was found between the need to update the urbanonymic landscape by emphasizing its unique features and the insufficient efforts in this direction. Data was collected on preferred nominative themes for potential names, and new urbanonyms were proposed that could best support the city’s key characteristics and enhance the representation of its regional and local identity

Modeling the capacity of a section of the road network, taking into account the formation of groups of vehicles

The transport systems of modern cities largely determine the quality of life of the urban population. Increasing the role of urban public passenger transport, increasing the volume of traffic carried out by this type of transport, is traditionally considered as one of the ways to reduce the severity of urban transport problems. In this regard, a study aimed at improving the productivity of urban passenger transport, including by increasing the capacity of urban transport infrastructure, is relevant. Based on the relevance of the topic under consideration and approaches that ensure an increase in the productivity of passenger transport systems with a minimum amount of investment, the purpose of the study is formulated: improving the efficiency of public urban passenger transport through the implementation of measures to increase the capacity of the most critical sections of the road network. To develop measures that form the conditions for organizing the movement of passenger vehicles, a mathematical model of the capacity of a section of the street and road network has been developed, which allows to identify a combination of transport infrastructure parameters ensuring its maximum value. The developed model differs from the known analogues by taking into account the process of spontaneous formation of groups of passenger vehicles and the realization of the possibility of their synchronous interaction with the platforms of the stopping point. Based on the simulation results, the dependences of the capacity of a section of the street and road network with a dedicated lane for passenger vehicles on the parameters of traffic light regulation and the number of landing sites at the stop point were determined. The integrated application of the data obtained allows us to determine the balanced parameters of stopping points and traffic lights that ensure maximum throughput of the site under consideration. The developed mathematical model and the dependencies obtained with its help constitute the points of scientific novelty of the performed research. The developed theoretical provisions, the mathematical model formed on their basis and the obtained dependencies together can be considered as a tool for determining the optimal parameters of urban transport infrastructure, which is the practical significance of the results obtained. One of the promising directions for the development of the proposed approach is to expand the scope of its application by developing an add-on that ensures its implementation for the case of passenger vehicles moving in the general flow outside the allocated lane

Industrial Culture in the Mirror of Ekaterinburg Urbanonymy

Поступила в редакцию: 05.06.2024. Принята к печати: 28.04.2025.Submitted: 05.06.2024. Accepted: 28.04.2025.Статья посвящена лингвокультурологическому изучению урбанонимов Екатеринбурга в аспекте репрезентации заводской культуры. Заводы сыграли ведущую роль в развитии социокультурной среды уральского города и в освоении его физического пространства. Поскольку имена собственные топографических объектов тесно связаны с особенностями духовной и материальной культуры, урбанонимы Екатеринбурга могут рассматриваться как транслятор ценностных представлений, связанных с динамикой заводской жизни города. В статье описываются семантические варианты объективации «заводской» номинативной темы в городских топонимах Екатеринбурга (Свердловска) и предпринимается попытка выявить актуальность заводской культуры для современной урбанонимической номинации. Языковой материал исследования составили урбанонимы нескольких именных разрядов (хоронимы, годонимы, агоронимы, монументонимы, ойкодомонимы), собранные по письменным источникам — деловым и публицистическим текстам. В качестве основного метода интерпретации эмпирического материала используется ономасиологический анализ внутренней формы топонимов с последующим лингвокультурологическим комментарием мотивировочных значений. Выбранная технология исследования позволила установить реализацию широкого спектра номинативных вариантов в рамках большой «заводской» темы: в урбанонимах акцентируется пространственная близость называемых топообъектов к заводским предприятиям, выражается уважение к рабочему человеку вообще и к представителям разных специальностей, вербализуется связь с продукцией и производственными процессами, постулируется смысловое соотнесение с другими уральскими заводскими городами и поселками. Проведенный анализ убеждает, что топонимическое воплощение заводской темы, восходящее к XVIII в., продолжается в настоящее время, перемещаясь в новые сферы означивания (арт-кластеры), и сохраняет свою роль в поддержании уральской идентичности.This article is devoted to a linguocultural study of urbanonyms of Ekaterinburg in the context of representation of industrial culture. Factories have played a pivotal role in the development of the sociocultural environment of the Ural city and in the exploration of its physical space. As proper names of topographic objects are closely related to the particularities of the spiritual and material culture of a society, the urbanonyms of Ekaterinburg can be regarded as a transmitter of value-based perceptions connected to the dynamics of the city’s industrial life. The article describes semantic variants of objectification of the “industrial” nomination theme in urban toponyms of Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) and attempts to reveal the topicality of industrial culture for the modern urbanonymic nomination. The language material of the research involves urbanonyms from several types of proper names (horonyms, hodonyms, agoronyms, monumentonyms, and partially oikodomonyms) collected from written sources — formal, scholarly, and journalistic texts. The main method of interpreting the empiric material is the onomasiological analysis of the inner form of toponyms followed by linguocultural comments on the motivational meanings. The chosen research technique makes it possible to determine the implementation of a wide range of nomination variants in the framework of the large “industrial” theme. Urbanonyms emphasize the spatial proximity of the named topographic items to factories and plants, express respect for the working people in general and representatives of different professions in particular, verbalize the relation with manufacturing processes and production, posit the semantic reference to industrial towns and settlements. The analysis carried out proves that the toponymic implementation of the “industrial” theme dating back to the eighteenth century is still going on at present, albeit moving to new spheres of designation (art-clusters), yet maintaining its role in preserving the Ural identity.Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-28-01523 «Топонимический ландшафт города в аспекте отражения региональной и локальной идентичности (на языковом материале городов Уральского федерального округа)».The research is funded by the Russian Science Foundation, project 23-28-01523 “Toponymic Landscape of a City in the Aspect of Reflecting Regional and Local Identity (Based on the Linguistic Material of the Cities of the Ural Federal District)”

Construction of the PCR Test-System for the Detection of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 Toxigenic Strains, for Indication of Their Biovar and for Differentiation between Typical and Altered El Tor-Vibrio Strains

Worked out is the multilocus PCR test-system which makes it possible to identify Vibrio cholerae O1 strains on the basis of rfb gene detection, to determine their biovar - either Classical or El Tor by testing cas3 or rtxC genes respectively, and at the same time to differentiate them into typical (which carry ctxBEltor gene) and genetically altered (which carry ctxBClass gene) variants. Efficacy and specificity of the test-system is demonstrated by the analysis of 64 natural V. cholerae strains of various serogroups and biovars, and 13 strains of enterobacteria and other species of Vibrio genus. Relation of the studied V. cholerae El Tor isolates to the typical or altered vibrio variants is proved out by ctxB gene sequencing

The Current Use of Biomedical Cell Products for Cancer Treatment

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death. Conventional treatment methods, including radiation and chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness. Therefore, the development of novel approaches to cancer treatment is an urgent challenge. Biomedical cell products (BMCPs) which include adoptive cell therapy (ACT) and dendritic cells vaccines (DCVs) are considered a promising area of research. The aim of the study was to review current ideas about the principles of BMCP therapy, as well as clinical experience with cell-based products used for cancer treatment. The paper summarises the results of clinical use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-therapy), genetically modified T-cells that express tumour antigen-specific receptors (TCR/CAR T-therapy), as well as DCVs. The use of human immune cells genetically modified ex vivo is a novel and promising approach to cancer treatment. The main analysed ACT approaches which are based on the use of genetically modified T-lymphocytes have some benefits and drawbacks. The paper discusses the methods of BMCP production, provides data on the effectiveness of ACT and DCVs. It pays special attention to safety concerns associated with each treatment method, as well as to other factors limiting their clinical use. It is expected that the main areas of further research will be aimed at increasing BMCP efficacy and reducing adverse reactions

Nucleotide Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Glycoprotein-G of the Russian Fixed Rabies Virus Strain “Moscow 3253”

Fully sequenced have been glycoprotein-G, sha-psi region, as well as H-end site of the L-gene in the rabies virus strain “Moscow 3253”. Compared are amino acid sequences of proteins of “Moscow 3253” strain and other fixed strains of the virus. Established is 98 % DNA homology with RV-97, and 91% homology with PV (Pasteur virus) strain. Constructed has been phylogenetic tree of the strain under study alongside with various groups of fixed rabies virus. It is revealed that “Moscow 3253” strain has closer genetic relations with Japanese group of strains, than with PV strain. Put forward is an assumption that PV strain does not derive from the virus isolated by Pasteur, but relates to the American group of strains

ДНК- и РНК-вакцины: современное состояние, требования к качеству и особенности проведения доклинических исследований

This review focuses on DNA and RNA vaccines whose potential use was first considered at the end of the 20th century. However, not a single bacterial plasmid-based or mRNA vaccine has been used since that time in public healthcare for the prevention of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, vaccines containing recombinant nucleic acids as the active ingredient still attract interest due to the possibility of rapid development, low-cost production, safety of the technology and the potential to activate cellular and humoral immunity. Recent technological advances have largely overcome the problems of low immunogenicity, instability, and difficulties with the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines in humans. The aim of this review was to present the main strategies of development of DNA and RNA vaccines designed to prevent infectious diseases, and to summarise requirements for the quality control and preclinical studies. The article examines the general principles of creation of plasmid vectors encoding protective antigens. It describes new technologies used in the creation of DNA vaccines with plasmids encoding an attenuated virus genome (iDNA and PPLAV), and RNA vaccines based on mRNA and self-amplifying RNAs. The article presents current regulatory requirements for the choice of quality parameters to be tested and the general principles of preclinical studies of DNA and RNA vaccines.Обзор посвящен ДНК- и РНК-вакцинам, возможность использования которых была показана еще в конце XX века. При этом до сих пор ни одна вакцина, основанная на использовании бактериальных плазмид и мРНК, не нашла применения в практике здравоохранения для профилактики инфекционных заболеваний. Но, несмотря на это, интерес к вакцинам, действующим веществом которых являются рекомбинантные нуклеиновые кислоты, сохраняется из-за возможности их быстрой разработки, малозатратного производства, безопасности технологии и возможности активации клеточного и гуморального иммунитета. Последние технологические достижения в значительной степени преодолели проблемы низкой иммуногенности, нестабильности и трудности доставки при применении ДНК- и РНК-вакцин у человека. Цель работы — изложение основных стратегий создания ДНК- и РНК-вакцин, предназначенных для профилактики инфекционных заболеваний, обобщение требований к оценке их качества и проведению доклинических исследований. Представлены общие принципы создания плазмидных векторов, кодирующих протективные антигены. Описаны новые технологии создания ДНК-вакцин, плазмиды которых кодируют геном аттенуированного вируса (iDNA и PPLAV). Приведены стратегии создания РНК-вакцин на основе мРНК и самоамплифицирующихся РНК. Представлены современные регуляторные требования к выбору необходимых показателей качества и общим принципам проведения доклинических исследований ДНК- и РНК-вакцин