Aproximaci?n a la estimaci?n espacial de sequ?as meteorol?gicas en la cuenca hidrogr?fica del rio Coello, Colombia

15 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa evaluaci?on espacio temporal para la caracterizaci?on de las sequ??as meteorol?ogicas se bas?o en datos de precipitaci ?on mensual acumulada entre 1996-2005 de 20 estaciones meteorol?ogicas distribuidas en la cuenca hidrogr?afica del r??o Coello. Se realiz?o un preprocesamiento a los datos de precipitaci?on con pruebas de consistencia de datos para corregir y eliminar datos sobre o sub estimados. Para estimar los datos faltantes de precipitaci?on se comparan tres m?etodos geoestad??sticos de interpolaci ?on, derivados de Kriging, asociados con variables secundarias como el Kriging Ordinario, CoKrigin Ordinario asocidadas a las variables secundarias de un Modelo de Elevaci?on Digital y datos de precipitaci?on satelital TRMM. Para seleccionar el m?etodo geoestad??stico se compar?o el ajuste de cada interpolaci?on con respecto a tres estaciones de referencia a trav?es de tres pruebas de calidad, las cuales fueron Ra??z del Error Cuadr?atico Medio (RMSE), Criterio de Informaci?on de Akaike (AIC) y Criterio de Informaci?on Bayesiano (BIC). En esta investigaci?on dos de tres pruebas favorecen al CoKriging Ordinario usando como variable secundaria la Altitud (CoK+DEM). Con la serie interpolada de precipitaci?on se evaluaron y caracterizaron las sequ??as por medio del ?Indice de Precipitaci?on Estandarizado (SPI) a escala mensual y trimestral, calculando los par?ametros de severidad, duraci?on, intensidad y frecuencia de las sequ??as. Por medio de mapas se delimitaron las regiones en donde se presentan los valores negativos de SPI. En el an?alisis espacio temporal los meses de Enero, Febrero, Julio y Agosto son los m?as secos del a?no. En el a?no 1997 se present?o la sequ??a meteorol?ogica de mayores afectaciones en la cuenca del r??o Coello generalmente concentrados en la parte media y baja de la cuenca, con una intensidad maxima de -2,57 de SPI. Palabras Clave: Sequ??a meteorol?ogica; m?etodos de interpolaci?on geoestad??sticos; ?Indice de Precipitaci?on Estandarizado (SPI); par?ametros de sequ??as; cuenca hidrogr?afica del r??o Coello.The space-temporal evaluation to characterize meteorological droughts was based on data accumulated monthly precipitation between 1996-2005 from 20 meteorological stations distributed in the Coello River basin. Data precipitation was performed preprocessing with data consistency tests to correct and delete data over- or under estimated. To estimate missing precipitation data are compared three geostatistical interpolation methods derived from Kriging, associated with secondary variables such as the Ordinary Kriging, CoKrigin Ordinary associated with secondary variables of a Digital Elevation Model and data satellite TRMM. To select the statistical method the setting of each interpolation was compared with respect to three reference stations through three quality tests, which were Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). In this investigation two of three tests favor the Ordinary CoKriging using as a secondary variable Altitude (COK+DEM). With the interpolated series of precipitation were evaluated and characterized by drought Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at monthly and quarterly scale, calculating the parameters of severity, duration, intensity and frequency of droughts. By mapping are delimited the regions where occur the more negative values of SPI. In analyzing spacetemporal the months of January, February, July and August are the driest of the year. In 1997 the meteorological drought greatest damage occurs in the Coello River basin generally concentrated in the middle and lower part of the basin, with a maximum intensity of SPI -2,57. Keywords: Meteorological drought; geostatistical interpolation methods; Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI); parameters droughts; Coello River Basin

Acompa?amientos sensibles

45 p. Recurso Electr?nicoAcompa?amientos sensibles es una exploraci?n que se propone encontrar maneras de cuidar desde el arte pl?stico y visual en el hospital Federico Lleras Acosta en la ciudad de Ibagu?, Tolima y posteriormente en el hospital San Vicente de Paul en Fresno, Tolima. Est? dedicado a pensar c?mo se generan gestos y maneras de acompa?ar en el intento de entender y abrazar a los habitantes del territorio hospitalario brind?ndoles escucha y atenci?n para as? humanizar dicho territorio. Palabras clave: Gesto, habitar, clown hospitalario, acci?n.Sensitive accompaniment is a exploration that aims to find ways of caring from plastic an visual art in the Federico Lleras Acosta hospital in the city of Ibague, Tolima and later in the San Vicente de Paul hospital in Fresno, Tolima. It is dedicated to think about how gestures and ways to come along are generated in the attempt to understand and embrace the inhabitants of the hospital territory, providing them with someone to listen and bring them attention in order to humanize the same territory. Keywords: gesture, inhabit, hospital clown, action

Use of airborne vehicles as research platforms

This is the accepted version of the following chapter: Gratton, G. 2012. Use of Airborne Vehicles as Research Platforms. Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9780470686652.eae604/full. Copyright @ John Wiley & Sons 2012.The use of aircraft is often valuable to position airborne sensors or to conduct experiments in ways not possible purely on the ground. An airframe, typically an older one, must be selected then adapted to the role – likely to include inlets, windows, structural changes, power supply, computing and data recording capacity, and likely the provision of external hardpoints. Once the research vehicle is created, the instruments on board will require calibration, either in isolation or by intercomparison against already calibrated instruments on board another aircraft. This calibration process will continue throughout the life of the airplane. Additionally, an operating organization must be created and obtain any necessary organizational approvals. For some specialist applications, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may also be used, which carry some special considerations of autonomy and interoperability, but similar concerns of instrument, vehicle, and operational integrity

Caracterizaci?n y manejo de residuos s?lidos, de siete predios en Salento, Quind?o

99 P?ginasEl trabajo de caracterizaci?n para la identificaci?n de los residuos s?lidos y su manejo en siete fincas lecheras de peque?os productores en el municipio de Salento, se realiz? haciendo el seguimiento durante un mes y consignando los datos obtenidos en tablas de chequeo, las cuales permitieron, hacer un an?lisis y procesar la informaci?n en cuadros y gr?ficos para obtener un panorama claro de la situaci?n real del manejo de residuos s?lidos en la zona rural. Los estudios realizados dan como resultado que en los 7 predios de ASOGASA del municipio de Salento, se est?n produciendo aproximadamente 212 kg de residuos org?nicos mensuales y 237.7 kg con otros residuos (papel, material infeccioso biol?gico y vidrio) Y en los 21 predios de la asociaci?n se producir?a un estimado de 470 kg de materia org?nica mensual, papel con 32 kg y 6.4 kg para material biol?gico, infeccioso y de vidrio 17.7 kg, para un total de 526.1 kg de residuos totales, cifras que son bastante significativas, si se mira el monto de desechos al a?o. Pero, el problema no radica en la cantidad de residuos producidos en la zona, sino en el mal manejo que se da a los mismos, en su gran mayor?a los habitantes de la zona rural desconoce las normas m?nimas para el control de ?stos y el da?o que se hace al medio ambiente, as? mismo, puede verse que no existen organizaciones del Estado que se ocupen del tema. Cabe anotar la importancia de poner en conocimiento a la administraci?n municipal de la problem?tica que se vive en sus campos, para que hagan presencia y procuren generar programas de capacitaci?n que ayuden a los campesinos para que hagan un mejor uso de los residuos s?lidos y de paso ayuden a conservar el ecosistema.ABSTRACT. The characterization work for the identification of solid waste and its management in seven smallholder dairy farms in the town of Salento, was following up for a month and obtained by attaching the check tables, which allowed, do analysis and process information in tables and graphs to get a clear picture of the real situation of solid waste management in rural areas. Studies resulting in the seven grounds ASOGASA the municipality of Salento, are producing approximately 212 kg of organic waste per month and 237.7 kg with other waste (paper, glass and biological infectious material) and in the 21 plots of association produce an estimated 470 kg organic matter monthly paper with 32 kg and 6.4 kg for biological material, infectious glass and 17.7 kg, for a total of 526.1 kg of total residues, numbers that are significant enough, when viewed the amount of waste a year. But, the problem is not the amount of waste produced in the area, but in the mismanagement that is given to them, the vast majority of people in rural areas know the minimum standards for the control of these and the damage is done to the environment, so it can be seen that there are no state organizations that address the issue. It is worth noting the importance to inform the municipal administration of the problems being experienced in their fields, to make presence and seek to create training programs that help farmers to make better use of solid waste and step help preserve the ecosystem.INTRODUCCI?N 15 1. DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 16 2. JUSTIFICACION 18 3. OBJETIVOS 19 3.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL 19 3.2. OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 19 4. MARCO TE?RICO 20 4.1. CLASIFICACI?N DE LOS RESIDUOS 21 4.1.1. Residuos No Peligrosos 21 4.1.2. Residuos Hospitalarios o Peligrosos 21 4.2. TIPOS DE RESIDUOS 23 4.3. ALMACENAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS 24 4.4. TRATAMIENTO DE LOS RESIDUOS S?LIDOS 26 4.5. CARACTERIZACI?N DE RESIDUOS S?LIDOS 27 4.5.1. Clasificaci?n por estado: 27 4.5.2. Clasificaci?n por origen: 27 4.5.3. Clasificaci?n por Tipo de Manejo: 28 4.6. CLASIFICACI?N DE RESIDUOS ORG?NICOS 29 4.7. IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN LA GANADER?A 30 4.8. MARCO LEGAL 31 4.8.1. Leyes 31 4.8.2. Decretos 31 4.8.3. Resoluciones 32 5. DISE?O METODOL?GICO 34 6. DESARROLLO DEL DISE?O METODOL?GICO 35 6.1. ?REA DE ESTUDIO 35 6.1.1. ?rea Tem?tica: 35 6.1.2. ?rea Geogr?fica: 35 6.2. DISE?O DEL ESTUDIO 35 6.2.1. Encuesta: 35 6.2.2. Tabla de Chequeo 36 6.2.3. Material para la recolecci?n de muestras: 36 6.3. POBLACI?N DEL ESTUDIO 36 6.4. RECOLECCI?N DE LA INFORMACI?N 36 6.5. MANEJO DE MUESTRAS 37 6.6. AN?LISIS ESTAD?STICO 37 7. RESULTADOS 39 7.1. DESCRIPCI?N DE LOS PREDIOS 39 7.1.1. Predio 1 39 7.1.2. Predio 2 44 7.1.3. Predio 3 50 7.1.4. Predio 4 57 7.1.5. Predio 5 62 7.1.6. Predio 6 67 7.1.7. Predio 7 72 8. AN?LISIS GENERAL DE PREDIOS 79 9. RESULTADOS Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENCUESTA 83 10. CONCLUSIONES 91 11. RECOMENDACIONES 92 REFERENCIAS 9

Evaluaci?n de la calidad nutricional, consumo y digestibilidad in vivo de los henos de pasto vidal (Bothriochloa saccharoides), Colosuana (Bothriochloa pertusa) y Angleton Climacuna (Dichanthium annulatum)

52 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoLas producciones ganaderas de Am?rica Tropical se basan en el suministro de forrajes de baja calidad nutricional que son convertidos en alimentos de alta calidad proteica como carne y leche. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la calidad nutricional, el consumo y la digestibilidad aparente de tres gram?neas henificadas (B. saccharoides, B. pertusa, D. annulatum). El experimento se desarroll? en el Centro Universitario Regional del Norte del Tolima en el municipio de Armero Guayabal Tolima, a una altura de 275 m.s.n.m; temperatura de 26 ?C y precipitaci?n anual de 1732 mm. El dise?o experimental fue Cuadrado Latino 3*3. Para la determinaci?n de la digestibilidad aparente se utiliz? el m?todo in vivo colecta total de heces; se emplearon 12 ovinos machos mestizos que fueron alojados en jaulas metab?licas. De igual forma se emple? esta fase para realizar mediciones de consumo. Las muestras de gram?neas y heces recolectadas se evaluaron en el laboratorio de Ecofisiolog?a de la Universidad del Tolima y la Universidad de Nari?o. Los datos se analizaron a partir del software Infostat?, realizando ANOVA y Tukey (p= 0.05). El resultado del an?lisis bromatol?gico, fue similar para las tres gram?neas incluyendo los metabolitos secundarios; se observaron datos de digestibilidad superiores para B. saccharoides seguido por el B. Pertusa y por ?ltimo D. annulatum. Sin embargo los pastos B. pertusa y D. annulatum presentaron mejor consumo con respecto a B. saccharoides.ABSTRACT. Livestock production in tropical America are based on the supply of fibrous foods that are converted to high quality food protein as meat and milk, which is why studies seeking to confirm an improvement in digestibility and intake of grasses ensuring greater conversion nutritional management based on a more accurate. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional quality, consumption and apparent digestibility three grasses (B. saccharoides, B. pertusa, D. annulatum) the dry tropics of northern Tolima. The pilot phase was developed in the CURDN center in Armero-Tolima, (South America or Colombia) at 275 meters below the sea level temperature of 26 ? C and annual rainfall of 1732 mm. The experimental design was a Latin Square 3 * 3, with three treatments and three experimental periods was used. For determining the in vivo digestibility was used method through total feces collection; 12 crossbreed male sheep were housed 14 days to adaptation and 3 days to the experimental period in metabolic cages. Collection and weighing of food and feces declined in each of the experimental periods cages were used. Likewise this phase is used to perform power measurements, weighing the quantity of feed and 24 hours after rejections. Samples collected grasses and feces were evaluated in the laboratory of Ecophysiology of Tolima University and the University of Nari?o. Data were analyzed from Infostat? software, performing Anova and Tukey (p = 0.05). The nutritional analysis was similar for the three grasses including secondary metabolites; higher digestibility data B. saccharoides followed by B. pertusa and finally D. annulatum observed. However pertusa pastures B. and D. annulatum had better consumption relative to B. saccharoides.INTRODUCCI?N 10 1. REFERENTES CONCEPTUALES 11 1.1 DIGESTI?N DE LOS DIFERENTES NUTRIENTES EN RUMIANTES 11 1.1.1 Digesti?n de carbohidratos 11 1.1.2 Digesti?n de prote?nas en el rumen 11 1.1.3 Digesti?n de L?pidos 12 1.2 DIGESTIBILIDAD 13 1.2.1 Factores que afectan la digestibilidad 14 1.3 M?TODOS DE DETERMINACI?N DE LA DIGESTIBILIDAD 15 1.3.1 Digestibilidad in vivo 15 1.3.2 M?todo in vitro 16 1.3.3 M?todo in situ 16 1.4 GRAM?NEAS DEL TR?PICO SECO 17 1.4.1 Pasto Vidal (Bothriochloa saccharoides) 17 1.4.2 Colosoana (Bothriochloa pertusa) 19 1.4.3 Angleton Climacuna (Dichanthium annulatum) - Angleton mono (Dichanthium aristatum) 20 1.5 CONSUMO VOLUNTARIO 21 1.5.1 Factores que afectan el consumo 23 2. OBJETIVOS 24 2.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 3. METODOLOG?A 25 3.1 TRATAMIENTOS EVALUADOS 25 5 3.2 DIGESTIBILIDAD POR COLECTA TOTAL DE HECES 26 3.2.1 Periodo de adaptaci?n 26 3.2.2 Periodo en las jaulas 26 3.2.3 Muestreo 26 3.3 CONSUMO DE MATERIA SECA 27 3.4 AN?LISIS BROMATOL?GICOS 27 3.5 FRACCIONAMIENTO PROTEICO 28 3.6 METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS 29 3.7 MODELO ESTAD?STICO 29 4. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSI?N 30 4.1 BROMATOL?GICOS 30 4.1.1 Componentes estructurales 30 4.1.2 Prote?na cruda 31 4.1.2.1 Fraccionamiento Nitrogenado 32 4.1.3 Extracto Et?reo 33 4.2 CONSUMO VOLUNTARIO 34 4.3 METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS 36 4.4 DIGESTIBILIDAD APARENTE 38 4.4.1 Digestibilidad de la MS y MO 38 4.4.2 Digestibilidad aparente de la prote?na 40 4.4.3 Digestibilidad aparente de la FDN 42 5. CONCLUSIONES 43 RECOMENDACIONES 45 REFERENCIAS 4

Faculty concert: Lynn Chang, violin, Peter Zazofsky, violin, Raphael Hillyer, viola, Iseut Chaut, cello, Andrés Díaz, cello with student guests Konstantinos Papadakis, piano and Shoshana Telner, piano, March 19, 1998

This is the concert program of the Faculty Concert: Lynn Chang, violin, Peter Zazofsky, violin, Raphael Hillyer, viola, Iseut Chaut, cello, Andrés Díaz, cello with student guests Konstantinos Papadakis, piano and Shoshana Telner, piano performance on Thursday, March 19, 1998 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were Duo in G major for Violin and Viola, K. 423 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, With Two Eyeglasses Obligato in E-flat major, WoO 32 by Ludwig van Beethoven, Suite for Two Cellos and Piano by Gian Carlo Menotti, Sonata for Violin and Cello by Maurice Ravel, and Suite in G minor for Two Violins and Piano, Op. 71 by Moritz Moszkowski. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

Identificaci?n y propuesta de recuperaci?n del edificio antigua sede colegio I.T.A.C. en el corregimiento de Villa Restrepo ? Ibagu?

150 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto consiste en realizar la identificaci?n, reconocimiento y propuesta de intervenci?n del edificio de la antigua sede del colegio I.T.A.C. (Instituto T?cnico Ambiental Combeima) ubicado en el corregimiento de Villa Restrepo, zona del ca??n del Combeima en la ciudad de Ibagu?; con el prop?sito de rescatar el edificio, tambi?n de aportar a la comunidad la satisfacci?n de una necesidad respecto al uso que se le otorgue a este, y tambi?n, devolverle la memoria colectiva del lugar y el sentido de pertenencia que mediante la propuesta va a convertir al edificio en un lugar para todos. La intervenci?n busca mejorar los espacios existentes en el sector, articular los bienes de inter?s cultural en un proyecto de renovaci?n urbana con el centro del corregimiento, inmuebles perif?ricos y el componente ambiental que busca de organizar y rentabilidad a trav?s de sus usos, rescatando los valores de inter?s patrimonial y cultural. Palabras Clave: Patrimonio, Intervenci?n, Cultura Campesina, Rural, Colegio, Centro Cultural.The project consists of carrying out the identification, recognition and intervention proposal of the building of the former headquarters of the school I.T.A.C. (Combeima Technical Environmental Institute) located in the corregimiento of Villa Restrepo, zone of the Combeima canyon in the city of Ibagu?; with the purpose of rescuing the building, to contribute to the community satisfaction of a need with respect to the use that is granted to it, and also, to return the collective memory of the place and the sense of belonging that through the proposal will convert to the building in a place for everyone. The intervention seeks to improve the existing spaces in the sector, articulate cultural assets in a project of urban renewal with the center of the corregimiento, peripheral buildings and the environmental component that seeks to organize and profitability through their uses, rescuing the values of heritage and cultural interest. Keywords: Heritage, Intervention, Peasant Culture, Rural, School, Cultural Center

Boston University Symphony Orchestra and Symphonic Chorus, April 13, 1995

This is the concert program of the Boston University Symphony Orchestra and Symphonic Chorus performance on Thursday, April 13, 1995 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Works performed were Helios Overture, Op. 17 by Carl Nielsen, Violin Concerto No. 1 in D major, Op. 19 by Sergei Prokofiev, and Dona nobis pacem by Ralph Vaughan Williams. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund