Prilog poznavanju danjih leptira (Hesperioidea & Papilionoidea) Velebita, Hrvatska

During the years 2005 and 2006, 106 butterfly species were identified on Mt. Velebit. The estimated distribution, diversity and biogeographical characteristics of each species are presented in this paper as well as a comparison between recently estimated butterfly fauna and that identified in the past century. Current check-list of 137 butterflies from Mt. Velebit is contained in the Appendix.U dvogodišnjem razdoblju (2005. i 2006.) na prostoru Velebita zabilježeno je 106 vrsta danjih leptira. U radu se navodi njihovo rasprostranjenje, raznolikost kao i biogeografska karakteristika za svaku utvrđenu vrstu. Isto tako uspoređuje se fauna danjih leptira toga prostora utvrđena u prošlom stoljeću s recentnim podacima, te se na temelju toga daje popis 137 vrsta danjih leptira Velebita

Status vrste Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damon (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (Papilionoidea: Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) u fauni danjih leptira Hrvatske

This paper presents the first verified find of the species Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damon (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (syn.: ausonia Verity, 1915) (Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) in the Croatian butterfly fauna. The real status and presence of this species in Croatia was uncertain until the recent discovery. The Damon Blue was found in south-eastern Croatia, at the locality Gornja Korita on Kamešnica Mountain (990 m a.s.l.) on September 1 and 2, 2005. The biology, ecology and protection measures of the P. damon are also discussed.U radu se navodi prvi precizan nalaz danjeg leptira Polyommatus (Agrodiaetus) damon (Denis and Schiffermüller, 1775) (syn.: ausonia Verity, 1915) (Lycaenidae, Polyommatini) za faunu danjih leptira Hrvatske. Status ove vrste u fauni danjih leptira Hrvatske bio je do ovog nalaza nejasan. Vrsta P. damon zabilježena je terenskim istraživanjem faune danjih leptira na planini Kamešnici na 990 m nadmorske visine u mjestu Gornja Korita. U radu se raspravlja o biologiji, ekologiji i mogućim potrebnim mjerama za zaštitu ove vrste kao i ostalih montanih vrsta plavaca u fauni danjih leptira Hrvatske

Grčki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptira u fauni Hrvatske

This article presents the first data about the presence of the species Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) in Croatia. For the first time, the species was recorded on Sniježnica Mountain (south-eastern Croatia, southern Dalmatia), in Kuna Konavoska village (720 a.s.l.) on June 30, 2005. The first record of the species was reconfirmed on the next field trip on July 13, 2005. Including L. ottomanus the Croatian butterfly fauna has 188 species in total.U radu se navodi prvi nalaz vrste Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) u Hrvatskoj. Vrsta je pronađena 30. lipnja 2005. godine u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metara nadmorske visine na Sniježnici (jugoistočna Hrvatska, južna Dalmacija), a njezina prisutnost potvrđena je terenskim istraživanjem faune leptira istog područja i u srpnju iste godine. To je 188. vrsta na popisu danjih leptira u fauni Hrvatske

Novi nalazi leptira dalmatinskog okaša, Proterebia afra dalmata (Godart, [1824]) (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae) u Hrvatskoj

This paper presents new findings of the rare butterfly Proterebia afra dalmata (Godart, [1824]) along the Dalmatian coast in Croatia. The subspecies was found on seven new sites: in Lozovac near the Krka National Park, in the vicinity of the main spring of the Cetina River, near Velo Blato on the island of Pag and at four locations on the northern slopes of Mt Biokovo between Lončari, Kaoci and Turija (all inside the borders of Biokovo Nature Park). The range and the habitat characteristics of this threatened subspecies are also discussed.U radu se navode nova saznanja o rasprostranjenosti rijetke vrste leptira Proterebia afra dalmata (Godart, [1824]) duž dalmatinske obale u Hrvatskoj. Svojta je novozabilježena na sedam nalazišta: kod Lozovca u blizini Nacionalnog Parka »Krka«, u okolici glavnog izvora rijeke Cetine, kraj Velog Blata na otoku Pagu, te na četiri lokaliteta na sjevernoj ekspoziciji masiva Biokova između Lončara, Kaoca i Turije, koji se nalaze unutar granica Parka Prirode »Biokovo«. Raspravlja se o rasprostranjenosti te karakteristikama staništa ove ugrožene svojte

Novi podaci o rasprostranjenju endemičnog leptira Erebia stirius kleki Lorković, 1955 (Papilionoidea, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) u Hrvatskoj

The endemic butterfly Erebia stirius kleki Lorković, 1955 was found at Klečice (Klek Mountain, western Croatia), representing the known occurrence of this subspecies in Croatia. The biology of the species, the characteristics of a newly found site and the threat status of this endemic subspecies are also briefly discussed.Endemična podvrsta leptira Erebia stirius kleki Lorković, 1955 nađena je na planini Klek, na lokalitetu Klečice koji predstavlja treći lokalitet nalaza ove podvrste u Hrvatskoj. Raspravlja se o biologiji vrste, značajkama novootkrivenog lokaliteta kao i statusu ugroženosti ove endemične podvrste u Hrvatskoj

Cyclic Voltammetric Study of the Influence of Porosity on Electrochemical Response of Nickel-Alumina Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Pure and nickel-modified alumina powders with different porosity were synthesized and applied on the glassy carbon electrode by means of Nafion polymer. The data obtained from the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm confirmed that the pore structures in these materials are complex and tend to be made up of interconnected networks of pores of different size and shape. The addition of Ni2+ ions caused the changes in the textural properties of the samples. The influence of porosity on the electrochemical behavior of modified electrodes in quasi-reversible process was tested by cyclic voltammetry. Numerical correlations between electrochemical responses of GCE modified with alumina samples and textural properties have been established

Izvod oksidacija hidroksilnih jona na zeolitu modifikovanom platinom

NaX zeolite was modified by platinum via impregnation/thermal decomposition technique, using Pt(II)-acetyl acetonate in acetone as an impregnating solution. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry methods. The mixture of modified zeolite and 10 wt.% of carbon black, in a form of thin layer, was pasted to a glassy carbon surface. With this mixture as the electrode material, oxidation of hydroxide ions was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The response of modified zeolite electrodes was compared with bare platinum electrode and platinum electrode covered with Nafion film.Zeolit tipa NaX je modifikovan platinom tehnikom impregnacija/termalna degradacija. Kao impregnirajući rastvor je korišćen rastvor Pt (II) acetilacetonata u acetonu. Uzorci su okarakterisani metodama skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije (SEM) i ciklične voltametrije. Modifikovani zeolit je homogeno dispergovan u rastvoru Nafiona (5 mas.%) u mešavini izopropil alkohola i vode, pomoću ultrazvučnog kupatila. Elektronska provodljivost uzorka je poboljšana dodatkom 10 mas.% ugljenika (carbon black Vulcan XC72 (Cabot Corp.)) u suspenziju. Kap suspenzije je postavljena na površinu elektrode o staklastog ugljenika. Nakon isparavanja rastvarača na elektrodi je formiran tanak film. Oksidacija hidroksilanih jona je ispitana na ovako formiranoj elektrodi metodom ciklične voltametrije. Na osnovu SEM mikrografija moglo se uočiti da ne postoji značajna razlika u obliku i veličini čestica polaznog zeolita i zeolita modifikovanog platinum. Rezultati EDX analize su značajno varirali u zavisnosti od mesta na uzorku na kome je izvršena analiza. Sadržaj platine se kretao u intervalu 1-10 mas.%. Reakcija oksidacija hidroksilnih jona je, poređenja radi, ispitana na čistoj platinskoj elektrodi i platinskoj elektrodi pokrivenoj filmom Nafiona. Na platinskoj elektrodi, kako čistoj tako i pokrivenoj Nafionom, dobijen je očekivani sigmoidalni talas sa platoom, koji odgovara graničnoj difuzionoj struji. Prisustvo Nafiona na platinskoj elektrodi dovelo je do nižih graničnih struja pri oksidaciji hidroksilnih jona. Međutim, reproduktivnost ciklovoltamograma je značajno poboljšana, a povećan je i opseg potencijala u kome se dobija jasno definisan plato. Ciklovoltamogrami zeolitske platinisane elektrode, snimljeni pri istim uslovima kao i platinska elektroda, ispoljili su pojavu pika usled velikog koncentracionog gradijenta. Tafelovi nagibi Nafionom pokrivene platinske elektrode i zeolitske platinisane elektrode pokazuju značajnu zavisnost od koncentracije hidroksilnih jona, dok Tafelovi nagibi čiste platinske elektrode nisu zavisili od koncentracije analita. Granična gustina struje pokazuje linearnu zavisnost od koncentracije hidroksilnih jona sa dobrim korelacinim faktorom, za sve tri ispitivane elektrode

A Monte Carlo simulation of ion transport at finite temperatures

We have developed a Monte Carlo simulation for ion transport in hot background gases, which is an alternative way of solving the corresponding Boltzmann equation that determines the distribution function of ions. We consider the limit of low ion densities when the distribution function of the background gas remains unchanged due to collision with ions. A special attention has been paid to properly treat the thermal motion of the host gas particles and their influence on ions, which is very important at low electric fields, when the mean ion energy is comparable to the thermal energy of the host gas. We found the conditional probability distribution of gas velocities that correspond to an ion of specific velocity which collides with a gas particle. Also, we have derived exact analytical formulas for piecewise calculation of the collision frequency integrals. We address the cases when the background gas is monocomponent and when it is a mixture of different gases. The developed techniques described here are required for Monte Carlo simulations of ion transport and for hybrid models of non-equilibrium plasmas. The range of energies where it is necessary to apply the technique has been defined. The results we obtained are in excellent agreement with the existing ones obtained by complementary methods. Having verified our algorithm, we were able to produce calculations for Ar$^+$ ions in Ar and propose them as a new benchmark for thermal effects. The developed method is widely applicable for solving the Boltzmann equation that appears in many different contexts in physics.Comment: 14 page

Tartrazine azo-dye degradation using Co-impregnated Al-pillared clay and Oxone: influence of temperature

Heterogneous Fenton-like reaction is one of the most efficient solutions for the degradation of organic pollutants in water. A variant of this reaction involves the application of Oxone reagent, based on potassium peroxymonosulfate. Oxone, in conjunction with cobalt, is the source of sulfate radicals. These radicals are very efficient oxidants because of their high standard reduction potential at neutral pH. In this work Co-impregnated Al-pillared clay (CoAP2) was used as heterogeneous catalyst in the degradation of Tartrazine azo-dye in aqueous solutions. For this purpose, Namontmorillonite source clay from Wyoming, USA, with particle diameters of up to 2×10-6 m was submitted to pillaring with aluminium (Keggin ions) and subsequent impregnation with Co(NO3)2 followed by calcination. Morphological and textural characterization as well as phase and chemical characterization were performed on the obtained material. Catalytic degadation of Tartrazine using CoAP2 and Oxone was investigated with respect to reaction temperature in the range from 30–70 °C and monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The obtained spectra indicated that solution decolorization was efficient. Increasing temperature increased decolorization efficiency, and led to the degradation of the dye, the formation and subsequent disappearance of different reaction products. The catalyst showed to be stable under investigated conditions