This article presents the first data about the presence of the species Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) in Croatia. For the first time, the species was recorded on Sniježnica Mountain (south-eastern Croatia, southern Dalmatia), in Kuna Konavoska village (720 a.s.l.) on June 30, 2005. The first record of the species was reconfirmed on the next field trip on July 13, 2005. Including L. ottomanus the Croatian butterfly fauna has 188 species in total.U radu se navodi prvi nalaz vrste Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) u Hrvatskoj. Vrsta je pronađena 30. lipnja 2005. godine u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metara nadmorske visine na Sniježnici (jugoistočna Hrvatska, južna Dalmacija), a njezina prisutnost potvrđena je terenskim istraživanjem faune leptira istog područja i u srpnju iste godine. To je 188. vrsta na popisu danjih leptira u fauni Hrvatske

I. Mihoci

M. Šašić

N. Tvrtković

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original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni radGRECIAN COPPER LYCAENA OTTOMANUS(LEFÈBVRE, 1830) (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE)– A NEW SPECIES IN THE CROATIANBUTTERFLY FAUNAIVA MIHOCI1, NIKOLA TVRTKOVI]2 & MARTINA [A[I]21Prelo{ka 66, 40000 ^akovec, Croatia2Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum,Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMihoci, I., Tvrtkovi}, N. & [a{i}, M.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – a new species in the Croatian butterfly fauna. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14,No. 4., 255–262, 2005, Zagreb.This article presents the first data about the presence of the species Grecian Copper Lycaenaottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) in Croatia. For the first time, the species wasrecorded on Snije`nica Mountain (south-eastern Croatia, southern Dalmatia), in Kuna Konavoskavillage (720 a.s.l.) on June 30, 2005. The first record of the species was reconfirmed on the next fieldtrip on July 13, 2005. Including L. ottomanus the Croatian butterfly fauna has 188 species in total.Key words: Lycaena ottomanus, Lycaenidae, fauna, CroatiaMihoci, I., Tvrtkovi}, N. & [a{i}, M.: Gr~ki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lepi-doptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptira u fauni Hrvatske. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14, No. 4.,255–262, 2005, Zagreb.U radu se navodi prvi nalaz vrste Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) uHrvatskoj. Vrsta je prona|ena 30. lipnja 2005. godine u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metaranadmorske visine na Snije`nici (jugoisto~na Hrvatska, ju`na Dalmacija), a njezina prisutnost po-tvr|ena je terenskim istra`ivanjem faune leptira istog podru~ja i u srpnju iste godine. To je 188.vrsta na popisu danjih leptira u fauni Hrvatske.Klju~ne rije~i: Lycaena ottomanus, Lycaenidae, fauna, HrvatskaINTRODUCTIONThe 1989 list of butterfly fauna of Croatia (LORKOVI], 1989) included 183 species.Published data about finds of new species for the butterfly fauna of Croatia in thelast 15 years have shown that Croatian Rhopalocera fauna is not yet thoroughlyNAT. CROAT. VOL. 14 No 4 255¿262 ZAGREB December 31, 2005Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatiaknown. In 1989 Colias erate (Esper, 1805) was found in northern Croatia, along thewhole 250 km-long valley of the Drava River, from Erdut to the city of Vara`din(LORKOVI] et al., 1992). The presence of Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 (=lorkoviciReal) ssp. melanogyna nov. in Croatian fauna was published by LORKOVI] (1993) ac-cording to the type material collected in the years 1925–1993 in Zagreb, Samobor,Turopolje, Koprivnica and Hrvatsko Zagorje. In May 1989 Italian entomologistsfound Allancastria cerisyi (Godart, 1824) ssp. dalmacijae, new endemic subspecies for theCroatian fauna near the city of Makarska (SALA & BOLLINO, 1994). The discovery ofCoenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) at two localities in Istria in 1999 has confirmedthis species as a member of the butterfly fauna of Croatia (KU^INI] et al., 1999).The Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is the 188th species on thelist of butterfly fauna of Croatia.According to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON (1997) the Grecian Copper Lycaena ottoma-nus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is distributed in »south-western Serbia (Montenegro: Vipatar),the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria and Greece«. Previously many au-thors (DE LA NICHOLL, 1899; CARNELUTTI & MICHIELI, 1958; BRETHERTON et al., 1966,1973; SIJARI] & MIHLJEVI], 1973; SIJARI], 1984, 1991) wrote about the presence of L.ottomanus at several localities in Montenegro. The species has also been recorded inTurkey (HESSELBARTH et al, 1995). In the entire area of distribution the species is rel-atively widespread but often very local (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997).The status of the Grecian Copper in Bosnia and Herzegovina is still uncertain.According to Jak{i}’s provisional distribution maps of the butterflies of former Yu-goslavia (JAK[I], 1988) and his contribution as compiler in the Red Data Book ofEuropean Butterflies (Rhopalocera) (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999), KUDRNA (2002)and Fauna Europaea (http://www.faunaeur.org/) L. ottomanus is present in Bosniaand Herzegovina. In contrast, previous scientific studies (APFELBECK, 1892; DE LANICHOLL, 1899, 1902; REBEL, 1904; SCHAWERDA, 1906; SIJARI], 1966, 1978, 1980) or re-cent published works (LELO, 2000; 2004) on the Rhopalocera fauna of Bosnia andHerzegovina have not stated or proved the presence of L. ottomanus in this country.The Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is believed to be extinctin Hungary (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999; LAFRANCHIS, 2004). It was not mentionedin the Preliminary List of Butterflies of Hungary (BALINT, 1991) or in the Distribu-tion Atlas of European Butterflies from KUDRNA (2002).Despite previous faunistic researches and systematic studies of the Lepidopterafauna of southern Dalmatia L. ottomanus has not preivously been found. At the be-ginning of the 19th century, GERMAR (1817) visited Dalmatia and Ragusa /=Du-brovnik/ and at the end of the century DE LA NICHOLL (1899) visited Ragusa andSebenico in Dalmatia as well as Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. M. DeLa Nicholl did not find the Grecian Copper in the investigated area in Dalmatiaand Bosnia and Herzegovina (she found three males and one female only close toCetinje in Montenegro). In the 20th century GUSSICH (1917), BURGERMEISTER (1964)and HABELER (1976) in their multiannual systematic studies of the Lepidopterafauna of Dalmatia (south Dalmatia, area of Dubrovnik, Gravosa /= Gru`/, Mliniand Komolac) did not establish the presence of the L. ottomanus at the mentioned256 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunalocalities. Minor contributions to the Rhopalocera fauna of the same area weregiven by GIBBS (1913), HAIG-THOMAS (1931) and NEW (1966) but also without anyrecord of the Grecian Copper.As some of the surrounding areas (primarily the neighbourhood of Montenegro)have established the Grecian Copper as a member of their fauna and according togeographical and ecological conditions of southern Dalmatia we anticipated thepossible presence of the same species in Croatian fauna.MATERIAL AND METHODSAdult specimens of L. ottomanus were observed on June 30th, 2005 and July 13th,2005 in southern Dalmatia. The specimens, collected by the classical method withan entomological net (three males and one female), are kept in the Department ofZoology of Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. Of the four collectedspecimens of L. ottomanus, one male – Inv. No. 9313 and one female – Inv. No. 9314are kept in the Central Butterfly Collection in the Department of Zoology of CNHM.Determination of the species regarding morphological characteristics of the wingswas done according to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON (1997). Nomenclature and systemat-ics are done according to KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996).RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONThe species L. ottomanus was discovered in the karst polje in Kuna Konavoskavillage at 720 a.s.l. on Mt Snije`nica (Fig. 1) on June 30, 2005.Grecian Copper habitats are dry, hot and sunny places, often among bushes(TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997) or according to VAN SWAAY & WARREN (1999) drycalcareous grasslands and steppes, phrygana and sclerophyllous scrubs. At the re-searched locality in Kuna Konavoska village adult butterflies were fluttering overflowers of the Ground Clematis (Clematis recta L.) on a meadow surrounded withHop Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifiolia Scop.) and Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus L.).Only a few males (Fig. 2) and one female (Fig. 3) were observed. The larval host--plant Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), and the Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.),accepted in captivity (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997), were not recorded probablydue to previous meadow haymaking.The behavioural pattern reported of the rarity of females, even in colonies wheremales are abundant, was confirmed with our observations on both field trips, butno detailed studies have been performed. According to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON(1997) this is due to females retiring to different parts of their habitat after repro-duction and also because of relatively subdued female activity.The following butterfly species were also observed in June and July 2005 in thehabitat of L. ottomanus, in Kuna Konavoska village: Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus,1758); Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758), Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851), Pieris rapae (Lin-naeus, 1758), Colias croceus (Fourcroy, 1758), Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758);Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 257Satyrium spini (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Satyrium ilicis (Esper, 1779), Celastrinaargiolus (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761); Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus,1758), Argynnis adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Brenthis daphne (Denis & Schiffer-müller, 1775); Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767), Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758),Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanargia larissa (Geyer, 1828), Brintesia circe (Fa-bricius, 1775), Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793), Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871),Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758); Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761), Thymelicus acteon(Rottemburg, 1775), Charcharodus lavaterae (Esper, 1783) and Ochlodes venata (Bremer& Grey, 1853). All these species were represented by a higher number of specimensthan the Grecian Copper population.L. ottomanus is listed in the Red Data Book of European Butterflies (VAN SWAAY &WARREN, 1999) as species of global conservation concern (SPEC 1) restricted to Eu-rope and considered globally threatened and vulnerable (VU). The present distribu-tion class (as the percentage of the total number of investigated grid squares in Eu-258 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunaFig. 1. Kuna Konavoska (720 a.s.l) on Mt Snije`nica – locality of the Grecian CopperLycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) in Croatia.rope where the species is reported after 1980) of the species in Europe is lower than1% and population abundance has decreased by 20–50% over the last 25 years (VANSWAAY & WARREN, 1999).At the researched locality on Mt Snije`nica, the Grecian Copper reaches the west-ern border of its area of distribution in Europe. Therefore, future investigation stud-ies of L. ottomanus will be focused on determining the complete distribution, ecology,behavioural pattern and threat status of this species in Croatia. Research might alsonecessitate the inclusion of this species on the Red Data List of Croatian butterflies.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe research was initiated and supported by a grant from the PINMATRA/2003/024 project and project 0183007 of the Croatian Ministry of Science, Educationand Sports.Received September 9, 2005Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 259Fig. 2. Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – fore-wing and hind-wing uppersides andundersides (a), specimen collected on June 30th, 2005 in the Kuna Konavoska village(photo: I. Mihoci)Fig. 3. Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – fore-wing and hind-wing uppersides andundersides (b), specimen collected on July 13th, 2005 in the Kuna Konavoska village(photo: I. Mihoci)REFERENCESAPFELBECK, V., 1892: Dojako u ju`noj Bosni i Herzegovini opa`ene vrste Rhopalocera (Dnevnileptiri). Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 2, 192–196.BALINT, Z., 1991: Conservation of Butterflies in Hungary. Oedippus 3, 5–36.BRETHERTON, R. F., C. B., M. A., F. R. E. S., 1966: A Distribution List of the Butterflies (Rhopa-locera) of Western and Southern Europe. Transections of the Society for British Entomol-ogy. Vol. 17 (1), 1–94.BRETHERTON, R. F., C. B., M. A., F. R. E. S., 1973: Montenegro, July 1972. Entomologists Record85, 1–12.BURGERMEISTER, F., 1964: Makrolepidopteren aus dem Raume Dubrovnik (Süddalmatien, FVRJugoslavien). Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 49, 137–152.CARNELUTTI, J. & MICHIELI, [., 1958: Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna der Crna Gora. FragmentaBalcanica. Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium Skopje. Tom II, 10 (44), 67–81.DE LA NICHOLL, B. M., 1899: Butterfly hunting in Dalmatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herze-govina, The Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation XI (1), 1–8.DE LA NICHOLL, B. M., 1902: The lepidoptera of Bosnia and Montenegro. The EntomologistsRecord and Journal of Variation XIV (1), 141–146.GERMAR, E. F., 1817: Reise nach Dalmatien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa. F. A. Brockhaus,Leipzig und Altenburg.GIBBS, F. L. S., 1913: Butterfly-hunting in the Balkans. The Entomologist. Vol. XLVI. No. 595,104–108.GUSSICH, B., 1917: Ein Beitrag zur Schmetterlingsfauna Kroatiens. Glasnik hrvatskog prirodo-slovnog dru{tva, godina 29 (3–4), 209–225.HABELER, H., 1976: Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Dalmatiens. Acta entomologica Jugoslavica12 (1–2), 67–87.HAIG-THOMAS, P., F.E.S., 1931: June in the Balkans. The Entomologist’s Record and Journal ofVariation. Vol. XLIII, No. 1, 57–62.HESSELBARTH, G., VAN OORSCHOT, H. & WAGENER, S., 1995: Die Tagfalter der Türkei.Selbstverlag Sigbert Wagener, Bocholt. Vol. 1, 326, 598.JAK[I], P., 1988: Privremene karte rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira Jugoslavije (Lepidoptera,Rhopalocera). Jugoslavensko entomolo{ko dru{tvo. Posebna izdanja 1, pp. 70.KARSHOLT, O. & RAZOWSKI, R., 1996: The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist.Apollo Books. Stenstrup, pp. 380.KU^INI], M., TVRTKOVI], N. & KLETE^KI, E., 1999: The False ringlet (Coenonympha oedippus F.)is a member of the Croatian butterfly fauna after all. Natura Croatica 8 (4), 399–407.KUDRNA, O., 2002: The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. Oedippus 20, 113.LAFRANCHIS, T., 2004: Butterflies of Europe. Diatheo, ParisLELO, S., 2000: Revised inventory of the butterflies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Insecta: Lepi-doptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionidea). Natura Croatica 9 (2), 139–156.LELO, S., 2004: Revizija Rebelovog popisa leptira Bosne i Hercegovine. Coron’s Sarajevo, pp.295.LORKOVI], Z., 1989: Fauna Rhopalocera (S. L.) SR Hrvatske. U: MILO[EVI], B.: EntomofaunaHrvatske 89. Entomolo{ki kolokvij i savjetovanje o istra`ivanju i za{titi faune insekata isrodnih skupina `ivotinja u SR Hrvatskoj. Hrvatsko entomolo{ko dru{tvo. Zagreb, pp 5–7.260 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunaLORKOVI], Z., SILADJEV, S. & KRANJ^EV, R., 1992: Die Einwanderung von Colias erate (Esper,1904) nach Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1989 und 1990, ihre Überwinterung, Polymorphis-mus und Genetik. Atalanta 23 (1/2), 89–103.LORKOVI], Z., 1993: Leptidea reali Reissinger 1989 (=lorkovici Real 1988) a new European spe-cies (Lepid., Pieridae). Natura Croatica 2 (1), 1–27.NEW, T. R., 1966: Notes on some Butterflies seen in Yugoslavia, July, 1963. The Entomologist’sRecord and Journal of Variation. Vol. 78, No. 6, 153–156.REBEL, H., 1904: Studien über die Lepidopterenfauna der Balkanländer. II Teil Bosnien undHerzegovina. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseum 19, 97–377.SALA G. & BOLLINO M., 1994: Allancastria cerisyi Godart, 1822 in Balkans: New subspeciesand critical notes on the existing populations (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Atalanta 25(1/2), 151–160.SCHAWERDA, K., 1906: Nachträge zur Lepidopterenfauna Bosniens und Herzegowiniens. Ver-handlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 56, 616, 650–652.SIJARI], R., 1966: Revizija Rhopalocera u zbirkama Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine.Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja (Prirodne nauke) 5, 163–174.SIJARI], R., 1978: Doprinos faunisti~kim istra`ivanjima Rhopalocera (Lep.) Bosne i Hercego-vine. Biosistematika 4 (1), 141–148.SIJARI], R., 1980: Fauna Lepidoptera Bosne i Hercegovine. Akademija nauka i umjetnostiBosne i Hercegovine. Posebna izdanja. Knjiga 47. Odjeljenje Prirodnih i matemati~kih nau-ka. Knjiga 8. Savjetovanje-Problemi inventarizacije `ivotinjskog svijeta Bosne i Hercegovi-ne-stanje i perspektive, pp. 83–98.SIJARI], R., 1984: Istra`enost Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) u Crnoj Gori. Glasnik odeljenja pri-rodnih nauka 4, 163–175.SIJARI], R., 1991: Katalog nau~ne zbirke Lepidoptera (Insecta) donatora Bore Mihljevi}a izSarajeva. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine. Prirodne nauke, Nova serija,Sarajevo, 30, 169–360.SIJARI], R. & MIHLJEVI], B., 1973: Prilog poznavanju faune Rhopalocera i Hesperioidea (Lepi-doptera) primorskog podru~ja Crne Gore. Glasnik Republi~kog zavoda za{tite prirode-Pri-rodnja~kog muzeja Titograd 5 (1972), 103–114.VAN SWAAY, C. & WARREN, M., 1999: Red Data Book of European Butterflies (Rhopalocera).Nature and enviroment, No. 99, Council of Europe Publishing. pp. 260.TOLMAN, T. & LEWINGTON, R., 1997: Butterflies of Britain & Europe. Harper Collins Publishers,London, pp. 76.http://www.faunaeur.org/Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 261S A @ E TA KGr~ki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptirau fauni HrvatskeI. Mihoci, N. Tvrtkovi} & M. [a{i}Do posljednjeg objavljenog broja danjih leptira za faunu Hrvatske (LORKOVI],1989) zabilje`ene su 183 vrste. U zadnjih petnaestak godina za faunu danjih leptiraprona|eno je jo{ nekoliko vrsta: Colias erate (Esper, 1805) (LORKOVI], SILADJEV &KRANJ^EV, 1992), Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 (lorkovici Real) ssp. melanogyna nov.(LORKOVI], 1993), Allancastria cerisyi (Godart, 1824) ssp. dalmacijae (SALA & BOLLINO,1994), Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) (KU^INI] et al., 1999) i na{im terenskimistra`ivanjem Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830). Na popisu danjih leptira imamoukupno 188 vrsta.Gr~ki plavac L. ottomanus zabilje`en je prvi puta na prostoru Hrvatske u ju`nojDalmaciji u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metara nadmorske visine na planiniSnije`nici u lipnju 2005. te ponovo u srpnju iste godine.Prija{njim istra`ivanjima faune leptira ju`ne Dalmacije, posebice Dubrovnika,Konavala i okolice gr~ki plavac nije bio prona|en (GERMAR, 1817; DE LA NICHOLL,1899; GIBBS, 1913; GUSSICH, 1917; HAIG-THOMAS, 1931; BURGERMEISTER, 1964; NEW,1966; HABELER, 1976), vjerojatno zato {to je u ~itavom arealu poznat samo u manjimizoliranim kolonijama (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997). Podru~je rasprostranjenja vrsteu Europi prote`e se od Crne Gore, Albanije, Makedonije, Bugarske i Gr~ke (TOLMAN& LEWINGTON, 1997) do Turske (HESSELBARTH et al., 1995). Status vrste u Bosni iHercegovini je nejasan jer pregledom prija{njih znanstvenih istra`ivanja (APFELBECK,1892; DE LA NICHOLL, 1899, 1902; REBEL, 1904; SCHAWERDA, 1906; SIJARI], 1966, 1978,1980) kao i nedavno objavljenih radova (LELO, 2000; 2004) o fauni danjih leptiraBosne i Hercegovine vrsta nije navedena, dok je s druge strane Jak{i} navodi zaHercegovinu u »Privremenim kartama rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira« biv{e Ju-goslavije (JAK[I], 1988) kao i u svom prilogu za faunu BiH u Crvenoj knjizi danjihleptira Europe (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999). Prisutnost vrste u Bosni i Hercegovininavodi i KUDRNA (2002) kao i »Fauna Europaea« (http://www.faunaeur.org/).Gr~ki plavac navodi se u Crvenoj knjizi danjih leptira Europe (VAN SWAAY &WARREN, 1999) kao osjetljiva vrsta (VU) koja je globalno ugro`ena (SPEC 1). Po-pulacija L. ottomanus u Hrvatskoj predstavlja zapadnu granicu areala ove vrste uEuropi stoga bi u budu}im istra`ivanjima naglasak trebao biti na utvr|ivanju stvar-nog rasprostranjenja i karakteristika stani{ta, te svih ~imbenika koji utje~u na ras-prostranjenje i ugro`enost, kao i statusa vrste koja bi mogla biti ugro`ena na pro-storu Hrvatske.262 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly fauna

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Grčki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptira u fauni Hrvatske

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original scientific paper / izvorni znanstveni radGRECIAN COPPER LYCAENA OTTOMANUS(LEFÈBVRE, 1830) (LEPIDOPTERA, LYCAENIDAE)– A NEW SPECIES IN THE CROATIANBUTTERFLY FAUNAIVA MIHOCI1, NIKOLA TVRTKOVI]2 & MARTINA [A[I]21Prelo{ka 66, 40000 ^akovec, Croatia2Department of Zoology, Croatian Natural History Museum,Demetrova 1, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMihoci, I., Tvrtkovi}, N. & [a{i}, M.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – a new species in the Croatian butterfly fauna. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14,No. 4., 255–262, 2005, Zagreb.This article presents the first data about the presence of the species Grecian Copper Lycaenaottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) in Croatia. For the first time, the species wasrecorded on Snije`nica Mountain (south-eastern Croatia, southern Dalmatia), in Kuna Konavoskavillage (720 a.s.l.) on June 30, 2005. The first record of the species was reconfirmed on the next fieldtrip on July 13, 2005. Including L. ottomanus the Croatian butterfly fauna has 188 species in total.Key words: Lycaena ottomanus, Lycaenidae, fauna, CroatiaMihoci, I., Tvrtkovi}, N. & [a{i}, M.: Gr~ki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lepi-doptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptira u fauni Hrvatske. Nat. Croat., Vol. 14, No. 4.,255–262, 2005, Zagreb.U radu se navodi prvi nalaz vrste Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae) uHrvatskoj. Vrsta je prona|ena 30. lipnja 2005. godine u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metaranadmorske visine na Snije`nici (jugoisto~na Hrvatska, ju`na Dalmacija), a njezina prisutnost po-tvr|ena je terenskim istra`ivanjem faune leptira istog podru~ja i u srpnju iste godine. To je 188.vrsta na popisu danjih leptira u fauni Hrvatske.Klju~ne rije~i: Lycaena ottomanus, Lycaenidae, fauna, HrvatskaINTRODUCTIONThe 1989 list of butterfly fauna of Croatia (LORKOVI], 1989) included 183 species.Published data about finds of new species for the butterfly fauna of Croatia in thelast 15 years have shown that Croatian Rhopalocera fauna is not yet thoroughlyNAT. CROAT. VOL. 14 No 4 255¿262 ZAGREB December 31, 2005Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatiaknown. In 1989 Colias erate (Esper, 1805) was found in northern Croatia, along thewhole 250 km-long valley of the Drava River, from Erdut to the city of Vara`din(LORKOVI] et al., 1992). The presence of Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 (=lorkoviciReal) ssp. melanogyna nov. in Croatian fauna was published by LORKOVI] (1993) ac-cording to the type material collected in the years 1925–1993 in Zagreb, Samobor,Turopolje, Koprivnica and Hrvatsko Zagorje. In May 1989 Italian entomologistsfound Allancastria cerisyi (Godart, 1824) ssp. dalmacijae, new endemic subspecies for theCroatian fauna near the city of Makarska (SALA & BOLLINO, 1994). The discovery ofCoenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) at two localities in Istria in 1999 has confirmedthis species as a member of the butterfly fauna of Croatia (KU^INI] et al., 1999).The Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is the 188th species on thelist of butterfly fauna of Croatia.According to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON (1997) the Grecian Copper Lycaena ottoma-nus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is distributed in »south-western Serbia (Montenegro: Vipatar),the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Bulgaria and Greece«. Previously many au-thors (DE LA NICHOLL, 1899; CARNELUTTI & MICHIELI, 1958; BRETHERTON et al., 1966,1973; SIJARI] & MIHLJEVI], 1973; SIJARI], 1984, 1991) wrote about the presence of L.ottomanus at several localities in Montenegro. The species has also been recorded inTurkey (HESSELBARTH et al, 1995). In the entire area of distribution the species is rel-atively widespread but often very local (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997).The status of the Grecian Copper in Bosnia and Herzegovina is still uncertain.According to Jak{i}’s provisional distribution maps of the butterflies of former Yu-goslavia (JAK[I], 1988) and his contribution as compiler in the Red Data Book ofEuropean Butterflies (Rhopalocera) (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999), KUDRNA (2002)and Fauna Europaea (http://www.faunaeur.org/) L. ottomanus is present in Bosniaand Herzegovina. In contrast, previous scientific studies (APFELBECK, 1892; DE LANICHOLL, 1899, 1902; REBEL, 1904; SCHAWERDA, 1906; SIJARI], 1966, 1978, 1980) or re-cent published works (LELO, 2000; 2004) on the Rhopalocera fauna of Bosnia andHerzegovina have not stated or proved the presence of L. ottomanus in this country.The Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) is believed to be extinctin Hungary (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999; LAFRANCHIS, 2004). It was not mentionedin the Preliminary List of Butterflies of Hungary (BALINT, 1991) or in the Distribu-tion Atlas of European Butterflies from KUDRNA (2002).Despite previous faunistic researches and systematic studies of the Lepidopterafauna of southern Dalmatia L. ottomanus has not preivously been found. At the be-ginning of the 19th century, GERMAR (1817) visited Dalmatia and Ragusa /=Du-brovnik/ and at the end of the century DE LA NICHOLL (1899) visited Ragusa andSebenico in Dalmatia as well as Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. M. DeLa Nicholl did not find the Grecian Copper in the investigated area in Dalmatiaand Bosnia and Herzegovina (she found three males and one female only close toCetinje in Montenegro). In the 20th century GUSSICH (1917), BURGERMEISTER (1964)and HABELER (1976) in their multiannual systematic studies of the Lepidopterafauna of Dalmatia (south Dalmatia, area of Dubrovnik, Gravosa /= Gru`/, Mliniand Komolac) did not establish the presence of the L. ottomanus at the mentioned256 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunalocalities. Minor contributions to the Rhopalocera fauna of the same area weregiven by GIBBS (1913), HAIG-THOMAS (1931) and NEW (1966) but also without anyrecord of the Grecian Copper.As some of the surrounding areas (primarily the neighbourhood of Montenegro)have established the Grecian Copper as a member of their fauna and according togeographical and ecological conditions of southern Dalmatia we anticipated thepossible presence of the same species in Croatian fauna.MATERIAL AND METHODSAdult specimens of L. ottomanus were observed on June 30th, 2005 and July 13th,2005 in southern Dalmatia. The specimens, collected by the classical method withan entomological net (three males and one female), are kept in the Department ofZoology of Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb. Of the four collectedspecimens of L. ottomanus, one male – Inv. No. 9313 and one female – Inv. No. 9314are kept in the Central Butterfly Collection in the Department of Zoology of CNHM.Determination of the species regarding morphological characteristics of the wingswas done according to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON (1997). Nomenclature and systemat-ics are done according to KARSHOLT & RAZOWSKI (1996).RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONThe species L. ottomanus was discovered in the karst polje in Kuna Konavoskavillage at 720 a.s.l. on Mt Snije`nica (Fig. 1) on June 30, 2005.Grecian Copper habitats are dry, hot and sunny places, often among bushes(TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997) or according to VAN SWAAY & WARREN (1999) drycalcareous grasslands and steppes, phrygana and sclerophyllous scrubs. At the re-searched locality in Kuna Konavoska village adult butterflies were fluttering overflowers of the Ground Clematis (Clematis recta L.) on a meadow surrounded withHop Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifiolia Scop.) and Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus L.).Only a few males (Fig. 2) and one female (Fig. 3) were observed. The larval host--plant Sheep Sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), and the Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare L.),accepted in captivity (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997), were not recorded probablydue to previous meadow haymaking.The behavioural pattern reported of the rarity of females, even in colonies wheremales are abundant, was confirmed with our observations on both field trips, butno detailed studies have been performed. According to TOLMAN & LEWINGTON(1997) this is due to females retiring to different parts of their habitat after repro-duction and also because of relatively subdued female activity.The following butterfly species were also observed in June and July 2005 in thehabitat of L. ottomanus, in Kuna Konavoska village: Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus,1758); Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758), Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851), Pieris rapae (Lin-naeus, 1758), Colias croceus (Fourcroy, 1758), Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758);Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 257Satyrium spini (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Satyrium ilicis (Esper, 1779), Celastrinaargiolus (Linnaeus, 1758), Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761); Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus,1758), Argynnis adippe (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Brenthis daphne (Denis & Schiffer-müller, 1775); Lasiommata megera (Linnaeus, 1767), Lasiommata maera (Linnaeus, 1758),Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758), Melanargia larissa (Geyer, 1828), Brintesia circe (Fa-bricius, 1775), Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793), Hipparchia syriaca (Staudinger, 1871),Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758); Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761), Thymelicus acteon(Rottemburg, 1775), Charcharodus lavaterae (Esper, 1783) and Ochlodes venata (Bremer& Grey, 1853). All these species were represented by a higher number of specimensthan the Grecian Copper population.L. ottomanus is listed in the Red Data Book of European Butterflies (VAN SWAAY &WARREN, 1999) as species of global conservation concern (SPEC 1) restricted to Eu-rope and considered globally threatened and vulnerable (VU). The present distribu-tion class (as the percentage of the total number of investigated grid squares in Eu-258 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunaFig. 1. Kuna Konavoska (720 a.s.l) on Mt Snije`nica – locality of the Grecian CopperLycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) in Croatia.rope where the species is reported after 1980) of the species in Europe is lower than1% and population abundance has decreased by 20–50% over the last 25 years (VANSWAAY & WARREN, 1999).At the researched locality on Mt Snije`nica, the Grecian Copper reaches the west-ern border of its area of distribution in Europe. Therefore, future investigation stud-ies of L. ottomanus will be focused on determining the complete distribution, ecology,behavioural pattern and threat status of this species in Croatia. Research might alsonecessitate the inclusion of this species on the Red Data List of Croatian butterflies.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe research was initiated and supported by a grant from the PINMATRA/2003/024 project and project 0183007 of the Croatian Ministry of Science, Educationand Sports.Received September 9, 2005Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 259Fig. 2. Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – fore-wing and hind-wing uppersides andundersides (a), specimen collected on June 30th, 2005 in the Kuna Konavoska village(photo: I. Mihoci)Fig. 3. Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) – fore-wing and hind-wing uppersides andundersides (b), specimen collected on July 13th, 2005 in the Kuna Konavoska village(photo: I. Mihoci)REFERENCESAPFELBECK, V., 1892: Dojako u ju`noj Bosni i Herzegovini opa`ene vrste Rhopalocera (Dnevnileptiri). Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja u Bosni i Hercegovini 2, 192–196.BALINT, Z., 1991: Conservation of Butterflies in Hungary. Oedippus 3, 5–36.BRETHERTON, R. F., C. B., M. A., F. R. E. S., 1966: A Distribution List of the Butterflies (Rhopa-locera) of Western and Southern Europe. Transections of the Society for British Entomol-ogy. Vol. 17 (1), 1–94.BRETHERTON, R. F., C. B., M. A., F. R. E. S., 1973: Montenegro, July 1972. Entomologists Record85, 1–12.BURGERMEISTER, F., 1964: Makrolepidopteren aus dem Raume Dubrovnik (Süddalmatien, FVRJugoslavien). Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft 49, 137–152.CARNELUTTI, J. & MICHIELI, [., 1958: Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna der Crna Gora. FragmentaBalcanica. Musei Macedonici Scientiarum Naturalium Skopje. Tom II, 10 (44), 67–81.DE LA NICHOLL, B. M., 1899: Butterfly hunting in Dalmatia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herze-govina, The Entomologists Record and Journal of Variation XI (1), 1–8.DE LA NICHOLL, B. M., 1902: The lepidoptera of Bosnia and Montenegro. The EntomologistsRecord and Journal of Variation XIV (1), 141–146.GERMAR, E. F., 1817: Reise nach Dalmatien und in das Gebiet von Ragusa. F. A. Brockhaus,Leipzig und Altenburg.GIBBS, F. L. S., 1913: Butterfly-hunting in the Balkans. The Entomologist. Vol. XLVI. No. 595,104–108.GUSSICH, B., 1917: Ein Beitrag zur Schmetterlingsfauna Kroatiens. Glasnik hrvatskog prirodo-slovnog dru{tva, godina 29 (3–4), 209–225.HABELER, H., 1976: Beitrag zur Lepidopterenfauna Dalmatiens. Acta entomologica Jugoslavica12 (1–2), 67–87.HAIG-THOMAS, P., F.E.S., 1931: June in the Balkans. The Entomologist’s Record and Journal ofVariation. Vol. XLIII, No. 1, 57–62.HESSELBARTH, G., VAN OORSCHOT, H. & WAGENER, S., 1995: Die Tagfalter der Türkei.Selbstverlag Sigbert Wagener, Bocholt. Vol. 1, 326, 598.JAK[I], P., 1988: Privremene karte rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira Jugoslavije (Lepidoptera,Rhopalocera). Jugoslavensko entomolo{ko dru{tvo. Posebna izdanja 1, pp. 70.KARSHOLT, O. & RAZOWSKI, R., 1996: The Lepidoptera of Europe. A Distributional Checklist.Apollo Books. Stenstrup, pp. 380.KU^INI], M., TVRTKOVI], N. & KLETE^KI, E., 1999: The False ringlet (Coenonympha oedippus F.)is a member of the Croatian butterfly fauna after all. Natura Croatica 8 (4), 399–407.KUDRNA, O., 2002: The Distribution Atlas of European Butterflies. Oedippus 20, 113.LAFRANCHIS, T., 2004: Butterflies of Europe. Diatheo, ParisLELO, S., 2000: Revised inventory of the butterflies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Insecta: Lepi-doptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionidea). Natura Croatica 9 (2), 139–156.LELO, S., 2004: Revizija Rebelovog popisa leptira Bosne i Hercegovine. Coron’s Sarajevo, pp.295.LORKOVI], Z., 1989: Fauna Rhopalocera (S. L.) SR Hrvatske. U: MILO[EVI], B.: EntomofaunaHrvatske 89. Entomolo{ki kolokvij i savjetovanje o istra`ivanju i za{titi faune insekata isrodnih skupina `ivotinja u SR Hrvatskoj. Hrvatsko entomolo{ko dru{tvo. Zagreb, pp 5–7.260 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly faunaLORKOVI], Z., SILADJEV, S. & KRANJ^EV, R., 1992: Die Einwanderung von Colias erate (Esper,1904) nach Mitteleuropa in den Jahren 1989 und 1990, ihre Überwinterung, Polymorphis-mus und Genetik. Atalanta 23 (1/2), 89–103.LORKOVI], Z., 1993: Leptidea reali Reissinger 1989 (=lorkovici Real 1988) a new European spe-cies (Lepid., Pieridae). Natura Croatica 2 (1), 1–27.NEW, T. R., 1966: Notes on some Butterflies seen in Yugoslavia, July, 1963. The Entomologist’sRecord and Journal of Variation. Vol. 78, No. 6, 153–156.REBEL, H., 1904: Studien über die Lepidopterenfauna der Balkanländer. II Teil Bosnien undHerzegovina. Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseum 19, 97–377.SALA G. & BOLLINO M., 1994: Allancastria cerisyi Godart, 1822 in Balkans: New subspeciesand critical notes on the existing populations (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Atalanta 25(1/2), 151–160.SCHAWERDA, K., 1906: Nachträge zur Lepidopterenfauna Bosniens und Herzegowiniens. Ver-handlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 56, 616, 650–652.SIJARI], R., 1966: Revizija Rhopalocera u zbirkama Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine.Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja (Prirodne nauke) 5, 163–174.SIJARI], R., 1978: Doprinos faunisti~kim istra`ivanjima Rhopalocera (Lep.) Bosne i Hercego-vine. Biosistematika 4 (1), 141–148.SIJARI], R., 1980: Fauna Lepidoptera Bosne i Hercegovine. Akademija nauka i umjetnostiBosne i Hercegovine. Posebna izdanja. Knjiga 47. Odjeljenje Prirodnih i matemati~kih nau-ka. Knjiga 8. Savjetovanje-Problemi inventarizacije `ivotinjskog svijeta Bosne i Hercegovi-ne-stanje i perspektive, pp. 83–98.SIJARI], R., 1984: Istra`enost Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera) u Crnoj Gori. Glasnik odeljenja pri-rodnih nauka 4, 163–175.SIJARI], R., 1991: Katalog nau~ne zbirke Lepidoptera (Insecta) donatora Bore Mihljevi}a izSarajeva. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine. Prirodne nauke, Nova serija,Sarajevo, 30, 169–360.SIJARI], R. & MIHLJEVI], B., 1973: Prilog poznavanju faune Rhopalocera i Hesperioidea (Lepi-doptera) primorskog podru~ja Crne Gore. Glasnik Republi~kog zavoda za{tite prirode-Pri-rodnja~kog muzeja Titograd 5 (1972), 103–114.VAN SWAAY, C. & WARREN, M., 1999: Red Data Book of European Butterflies (Rhopalocera).Nature and enviroment, No. 99, Council of Europe Publishing. pp. 260.TOLMAN, T. & LEWINGTON, R., 1997: Butterflies of Britain & Europe. Harper Collins Publishers,London, pp. 76.http://www.faunaeur.org/Nat. Croat. Vol. 14(4), 2005 261SA@ E TAKGr~ki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830)(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptirau fauni HrvatskeI. Mihoci, N. Tvrtkovi} & M. [a{i}Do posljednjeg objavljenog broja danjih leptira za faunu Hrvatske (LORKOVI],1989) zabilje`ene su 183 vrste. U zadnjih petnaestak godina za faunu danjih leptiraprona|eno je jo{ nekoliko vrsta: Colias erate (Esper, 1805) (LORKOVI], SILADJEV &KRANJ^EV, 1992), Leptidea reali Reissinger, 1989 (lorkovici Real) ssp. melanogyna nov.(LORKOVI], 1993), Allancastria cerisyi (Godart, 1824) ssp. dalmacijae (SALA & BOLLINO,1994), Coenonympha oedippus (Fabricius, 1787) (KU^INI] et al., 1999) i na{im terenskimistra`ivanjem Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830). Na popisu danjih leptira imamoukupno 188 vrsta.Gr~ki plavac L. ottomanus zabilje`en je prvi puta na prostoru Hrvatske u ju`nojDalmaciji u mjestu Kuna Konavoska na 720 metara nadmorske visine na planiniSnije`nici u lipnju 2005. te ponovo u srpnju iste godine.Prija{njim istra`ivanjima faune leptira ju`ne Dalmacije, posebice Dubrovnika,Konavala i okolice gr~ki plavac nije bio prona|en (GERMAR, 1817; DE LA NICHOLL,1899; GIBBS, 1913; GUSSICH, 1917; HAIG-THOMAS, 1931; BURGERMEISTER, 1964; NEW,1966; HABELER, 1976), vjerojatno zato {to je u ~itavom arealu poznat samo u manjimizoliranim kolonijama (TOLMAN & LEWINGTON, 1997). Podru~je rasprostranjenja vrsteu Europi prote`e se od Crne Gore, Albanije, Makedonije, Bugarske i Gr~ke (TOLMAN& LEWINGTON, 1997) do Turske (HESSELBARTH et al., 1995). Status vrste u Bosni iHercegovini je nejasan jer pregledom prija{njih znanstvenih istra`ivanja (APFELBECK,1892; DE LA NICHOLL, 1899, 1902; REBEL, 1904; SCHAWERDA, 1906; SIJARI], 1966, 1978,1980) kao i nedavno objavljenih radova (LELO, 2000; 2004) o fauni danjih leptiraBosne i Hercegovine vrsta nije navedena, dok je s druge strane Jak{i} navodi zaHercegovinu u »Privremenim kartama rasprostranjenosti dnevnih leptira« biv{e Ju-goslavije (JAK[I], 1988) kao i u svom prilogu za faunu BiH u Crvenoj knjizi danjihleptira Europe (VAN SWAAY & WARREN, 1999). Prisutnost vrste u Bosni i Hercegovininavodi i KUDRNA (2002) kao i »Fauna Europaea« (http://www.faunaeur.org/).Gr~ki plavac navodi se u Crvenoj knjizi danjih leptira Europe (VAN SWAAY &WARREN, 1999) kao osjetljiva vrsta (VU) koja je globalno ugro`ena (SPEC 1). Po-pulacija L. ottomanus u Hrvatskoj predstavlja zapadnu granicu areala ove vrste uEuropi stoga bi u budu}im istra`ivanjima naglasak trebao biti na utvr|ivanju stvar-nog rasprostranjenja i karakteristika stani{ta, te svih ~imbenika koji utje~u na ras-prostranjenje i ugro`enost, kao i statusa vrste koja bi mogla biti ugro`ena na pro-storu Hrvatske.262 Mihoci, I. et al.: Grecian Copper Lycaena ottomanus – a new species in Croatian butterfly fauna

Grčki plavac Lycaena ottomanus (Lefèbvre, 1830) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) – nova vrsta danjeg leptira u fauni Hrvatske

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