Przestrzenna zmienność morfologii plaży pod kątem grzbietów i strumieni spowodowana powstaniem kopalni złóż okruchowych wzdłuż Vembar – Wybrzeże Kallar w Indiach

This article does not contain abstracts in English.Celem tej pracy jest omówienie przestrzennych i krótkotrwałych zmian w morfologii plaży pod kątem grzbietów i strumieni na podstawie profili plaży w Vembar, na wybrzeżu Kallar, Tamil Nadu, Indie. Plaże składają się głównie z średniego do grubego piasku i ciężkich minerałów. Dla plaż charakterystyczne są grzbiety, strumienie i zagłębienia. Grzbiety i strumienie są niewielkie ze względu na prace kopalniane prowadzone w okolicy. Ustalono, że przestrzenne i tymczasowe zmiany w systemie grzbietów i strumieni są kontrolowane przez pianę morską/łamiące się fale. Zmiany objętości sedymentu wynikają z nieregulowanej aktywności kopalni. Erozja ma wpływ na profil wszystkich plaż, zwłaszcza strumieni. Strefy przyrostu znajdują się wyżej, to znaczy na najwyższych grzbietach i wałach plażowych. Krótkotrwałe zmiany wielkości plaży wyjaśniają zniekształcenie grzbietów i strumieni. Ma to związek z pobliską kopalnią. Zaobserwowano wzorzec wiatru wyżej plaży, gdzie warunki pozwalają na transport sedymentu piasku i jego ruch na grzbietach i strumieniach

Efficient methods for enol phosphate synthesis using carbon-centred magnesium bases

Efficient conversion of ketones into kinetic enol phosphates under mild and accessible conditions has been realised using the developed methods with di-tert-butylmagnesium and bismesitylmagnesium. Optimisation of the quench protocol resulted in high yields of enol phosphates from a range of cyclohexanones and aryl methyl ketones, with tolerance of a range of additional functional units

TIME AND CONTEXT VARIABLE TOPOLOGIES (TCVT) FOR SUSTAINABILITY-AWARE NETWORK OPERATIONAL FOCUS MODES

Techniques are presented herein that leverage the concept of Time-Variant Routing (TVR) to create time and context variable topologies (TCVTs) that offer a scalable and versatile solution for supporting a proportional response to changes in a network’s traffic levels, allowing a network operator to maximize sustainability gains in a network having variable, tidal, and periodic traffic. Aspects of the presented techniques encompass sub-topological planes (which can be made available to a topology as a function of time), network operational focus modes (which employ such planes to create objective-optimized topologies), and mappings between the two. The techniques allow an optimal set of topological elements to be identified based on different variables including, for example, a traffic demand and a renewable energy makeup (e.g., a carbon intensity). By hiding all of the complexity from a user, the techniques offer a simplified user experience through which such a user need only select different network operational focus modes to manage very complex outcomes

Cytotoxic Effect and Antioxidant Activity of Bioassay-guided Fractions from Solanum nigrum Extracts

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activity of bioassay-guided fractions from Malaysian species of Solanum nigrum.Methods: Methanol leaf and ethanol fruit extracts of Solanum nigrum were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using column chromatography. The semi-purified fractions were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic effect against various cancer cell lines using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and for antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Results: From bioassay-guided fractionation, 13 and 17 fractions were obtained from the methanol leaf and ethanol fruit extracts, respectively. In MTT assay, fractions 1, 2 and 4 from methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic effect against the cancer cells with IC50 of 13.0 μg/mL at 48 h incubation. For the ethanol extract, fractions 14 and 15 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 12.0 μg/mL against K-562 cells, while fractions 13, 14 and 17 showed IC50 of 13.0 μg/mL against HeLa cells. Doxorubicin hydrochloride and vinblastine sulfate inhibited the cancer cells with IC50 range of 1.3 to 17.0 μg/mL. The highest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by fraction 2 from methanol extract with ED50 value of 0.10 mg/ml, while fraction 15 from ethanol extract showed ED50 of 0.79 mg/mL. Ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol exhibited radical scavenging activity of 95.0 ± 0.01 % (ED50 = 0.05 mg/mL) and 93.0 ± 0.01 % (ED50 = 0.10 mg/mL), respectively.Conclusion: Solanum nigrum leaves and fruits are potential sources of cytotoxic and antioxidant agents.Keywords: Solanum nigrum, Cytotoxic Activity, Anti-oxidant Activity, Bioassay-guided Fractionation, Doxorubicin, Vinblastin

ZnO Nanostructures Assisted Growth By Different NH4F Concentrations For Potential Photovoltaic Applications

In this study, different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized by adding ammonium fluoride (NH4F) at different concentrations using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for exploration of photovoltaic applications. Morphology varies from well aligned hexagonal nanorods (NRs), to nanotetrods (NTs) and nanoflowers (NFs) as observed and revealed by field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) analysis confirmed good crystal quality of ZnO nanostructures (NSs) along (002). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) analysis confirms strong reflection suppression in the ultraviolet-near infrared (UV-NIR) range, giving a high green signal for solar cell applications. Finally, photoluminescence (PL) emission has shown both strong near band edge (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE) peaks indicating a promising signal for different applications such as for photo sensors and photo catalytic

ZnO Nanostructures Assisted Growth By Different NH4F Concentrations For Potential Photovoltaic Applications

In this study, different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures (NSs) were synthesized by adding ammonium fluoride (NH4F) at different concentrations using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method for exploration of photovoltaic applications. Morphology varies from well aligned hexagonal nanorods (NRs), to nanotetrods (NTs) and nanoflowers (NFs) as observed and revealed by field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM). X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) analysis confirmed good crystal quality of ZnO nanostructures (NSs) along (002). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) analysis confirms strong reflection suppression in the ultraviolet-near infrared (UV-NIR) range, giving a high green signal for solar cell applications. Finally, photoluminescence (PL) emission has shown both strong near band edge (NBE) and deep level emission (DLE) peaks indicating a promising signal for different applications such as for photo sensors and photo catalytic