84,020 research outputs found
Can gravitational dynamics be obtained by diffeomorphism invariance of action?
It has recently been suggested that the gravitational dynamics could be
obtained by requiring the action to be invariant under diffeomorphism
transformations. We argue that the action constructed in usual way is
automatically diffeomorphism invariant in nature, which thus invalidates this
alternative perspective to obtain gravitational dynamics. Especially, we also
show what is wrong with the technical derivation of gravitational dynamics in
the alternative approach.Comment: version published in PR
Inelastic Effects in Low-Energy Electron Reflectivity of Two-dimensional Materials
A simple method is proposed for inclusion of inelastic effects (electron
absorption) in computations of low-energy electron reflectivity (LEER) spectra.
The theoretical spectra are formulated by matching of electron wavefunctions
obtained from first-principles computations in a repeated vacuum-slab-vacuum
geometry. Inelastic effects are included by allowing these states to decay in
time in accordance with an imaginary term in the potential of the slab, and by
mixing of the slab states in accordance with the same type of distribution as
occurs in a free-electron model. LEER spectra are computed for various
two-dimensional materials, including free-standing multilayer graphene,
graphene on copper substrates, and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on cobalt
substrates.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
Effective potentials for atom-atom interaction at low temperatures
We discuss the concept and design of effective atom-atom potentials that
accurately describe any physical processes involving only states around the
threshold. The existence of such potentials gives hope to a quantitative, and
systematic, understanding of quantum few-atom and quantum many-atom systems at
relatively low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
On the Triality Theory for a Quartic Polynomial Optimization Problem
This paper presents a detailed proof of the triality theorem for a class of
fourth-order polynomial optimization problems. The method is based on linear
algebra but it solves an open problem on the double-min duality left in 2003.
Results show that the triality theory holds strongly in a tri-duality form if
the primal problem and its canonical dual have the same dimension; otherwise,
both the canonical min-max duality and the double-max duality still hold
strongly, but the double-min duality holds weakly in a symmetrical form. Four
numerical examples are presented to illustrate that this theory can be used to
identify not only the global minimum, but also the largest local minimum and
local maximum.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure; J. Industrial and Management Optimization, 2011.
arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1104.297
Non-equilibrium umbrella sampling applied to force spectroscopy of soft matter
Physical systems often respond on a timescale which is longer than that of the measurement. This is particularly true in soft matter where direct experimental measurement, for example in force spectroscopy, drives the soft system out of equilibrium and provides a non-equilibrium measure. Here we demonstrate experimentally for the first time that equilibrium physical quantities (such as the mean square displacement) can be obtained from non-equilibrium measurements via umbrella sampling. Our model experimental system is a bead fluctuating in a time-varying optical trap. We also show this for simulated force spectroscopy on a complex soft molecule--a piston-rotaxane
A general maximum entropy principle for self-gravitating perfect fluid
We consider a self-gravitating system consisting of perfect fluid with
spherical symmetry. Using the general expression of entropy density, we
extremize the total entropy under the constraint that the total number of
particles is fixed. We show that extrema of coincides precisely with the
relativistic Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation of hydrostatic
equilibrium. Furthermore, we apply the maximum entropy principle to a charged
perfect fluid and derive the generalized TOV equation. Our work provides a
strong evidence for the fundamental relationship between general relativity and
ordinary thermodynamics.Comment: 13 pages, no figure. The arguments have been improved so that the
assumption p=p(\rho) is no longer neede
An enhanced deep learning architecture for classification of Tuberculosis types from CT lung images
In this work, an enhanced ResNet deep learning network, depth-ResNet, has been developed to classify the five types of Tuberculosis (TB) lung CT images. Depth-ResNet takes 3D CT images as a whole and processes the volumatic blocks along depth directions. It builds on the ResNet-50 model to obtain 2D features on each frame and injects depth information at each process block. As a result, the averaged accuracy for classification is 71.60% for depth-ResNet and 68.59% for ResNet. The datasets are collected from the ImageCLEF 2018 competition with 1008 training data in total, where the top reported accuracy was 42.27%
Selection of the lamprey VLRC antigen receptor repertoire
The alternative adaptive immune system of jawless vertebrates is based on different isotypes of variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are composed of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and expressed by distinct B- and T-like lymphocyte lineages. VLRB is expressed by B-like cells, whereas VLRA and VLRC are expressed by two T-like lineages that develop in the thymoid, a thymus-like structure in lamprey larvae. In each case, stepwise combinatorial insertions of different types of short donor LRR cassettes into incomplete germ-line genes are required to generate functional VLR gene assemblies. It is unknown, however, whether the diverse repertoires of VLRs that are expressed by peripheral blood lymphocytes are shaped by selection after their assembly. Here, we identify signatures of selection in the peripheral repertoire of VLRC antigen receptors that are clonally expressed by one of the T-like cell types in lampreys. Selection strongly favors VLRC molecules containing four internal variable leucine-rich repeat (LRRV) modules, although VLRC assemblies encoding five internal modules are initially equally frequent. In addition to the length selection, VLRC molecules in VLRC+ peripheral lymphocytes exhibit a distinct pattern of high entropy sites in the N-terminal LRR1 module, which is inserted next to the germ-line–encoded LRRNT module. This is evident in comparisons to VLRC gene assemblies found in the thymoid and to VLRC gene assemblies found in some VLRA+ cells. Our findings are the first indication to our knowledge that selection operates on a VLR repertoire and provide a framework to establish the mechanism by which this selection occurs during development of the VLRC+ lymphocyte lineage
Quasiparticle relaxation in optically excited high-Q superconducting resonators
The quasiparticle relaxation time in superconducting films has been measured
as a function of temperature using the response of the complex conductivity to
photon flux. For tantalum and aluminium, chosen for their difference in
electron-phonon coupling strength, we find that at high temperatures the
relaxation time increases with decreasing temperature, as expected for
electron-phonon interaction. At low temperatures we find in both
superconducting materials a saturation of the relaxation time, suggesting the
presence of a second relaxation channel not due to electron-phonon interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Lower Bounds of Concurrence for Tripartite Quantum Systems
We derive an analytical lower bound for the concurrence of tripartite quantum
mixed states. A functional relation is established relating concurrence and the
generalized partial transpositions.Comment: 10 page
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