6,163 research outputs found
The decline and dissolution of the Gilbertine Order
The Gilbertine order was unusual in that it was founded for both men and women who\ud
lived in adjacent enclosures. The order had its origins in the Lincolnshire village of\ud
Sempringham where St Gilbert founded the order in the 1130s. The canons followed\ud
the rule of St Augustine and the nuns the rule of St Benedict. The history of the order\ud
has been extensively researched by Brian Golding from its foundation until the\ud
beginning of the fourteenth century. However, there has been little substantial\ud
research on the order in the period from the fourteenth century until its dissolution in\ud
1539. This dissertation continues the work carried out by Golding and examines the\ud
later years of the order’s history and its dissolution. The main themes of this work are\ud
the recruitment of men and women into the order during the fifteenth and sixteenth\ud
centuries, the spiritual lives of the nuns, the impact of the dissolution on the lives of\ud
the men and women of the order, and their careers after the dissolution. The study will\ud
show that in common with other religious orders there was a decline in the popularity\ud
of the Gilbertines in the later Middle Ages, and also a relaxation of the rules the nuns\ud
followed. In the period after the dissolution, the thesis will demonstrate that the social\ud
and economic position of former Gilbertine canons was much better than that of\ud
former nuns
C-Cl Bond Fission, Hcl Elimination, And Secondary Radical Decomposition In The 193 Nm Photodissociation Of Allyl Chloride
The primary photodissociation dynamics of allyl chloride upon excitation at 193 nm is investigated in a crossed laser-molecular beam scattering apparatus. Tunable vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization of the products provides a unique ability to learn about the secondary reaction products of the nascent photoproducts formed. The data show evidence for four significant primary reaction channels: a previously unidentified low kinetic energy C-Cl bond fission channel producing unstable allyl radicals, an excited state C-Cl bond fission channel producing Cl atoms with high translational energy, an HCl elimination pathway releasing significant energy to product translation to HCl and its momentum-matched mass 40 partner, and an HCl elimination channel producing low kinetic energy HCl products and predominantly unstable mass 40 products. The measured branching of these primary reaction channels of [all C-Cl] : [fast C-Cl] : [slow C-Cl] : [fast HCl] : [slow HCl] : [all HCl] is 1.00: 0.971: 0.029: 0.291: 0.167: 0.458 (where fast refers to the high recoil kinetic energy channels). The high internal energy allyl radicals formed in the slow C-Cl fission pathway of allyl chloride further dissociate/isomerize, as do the unstable mass 40 products formed in the HCl elimination pathways, and these products are investigated. Photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves of the HCl product suggest that a three-centered elimination mechanism contributes significantly to an observed HCl elimination reaction. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics
The Synthesis of Tumour-Inhibiting Compounds. Part I. Synthesis of (2':1'-Naphtha)-2:3-Fluorene and of (1':2'-Naphtha)-1:2-Fluorene. Part II. Synthesis of alphabeta-Diarylethylenes
Abstract Not Provided
'Feedback' for feeding
A new study discovered that ventral pallidal neurons projecting back to the nucleus accumbens promote consumption. The findings call into question the accepted direction of information flow through the ventral basal ganglia and open new avenues for studying how consumption is regulated in proportion to subjective value
Simultaneous auroral observations described in the historical records of China, Japan and Korea from ancient times to AD 1700
International audienceEarly auroral observations recorded in various oriental histories are examined in order to search for examples of strictly simultaneous and indisputably independent observations of the aurora borealis from spatially separated sites in East Asia. In the period up to ad 1700, only five examples have been found of two or more oriental auroral observations from separate sites on the same night. These occurred during the nights of ad 1101 January 31, ad 1138 October 6, ad 1363 July 30, ad 1582 March 8 and ad 1653 March 2. The independent historical evidence describing observations of mid-latitude auroral displays at more than one site in East Asia on the same night provides virtually incontrovertible proof that auroral displays actually occurred on these five special occasions. This conclusion is corroborated by the good level of agreement between the detailed auroral descriptions recorded in the different oriental histories, which furnish essentially compatible information on both the colour (or colours) of each auroral display and its approximate position in the sky. In addition, the occurrence of auroral displays in Europe within two days of auroral displays in East Asia, on two (possibly three) out of these five special occasions, suggests that a substantial number of the mid-latitude auroral displays recorded in the oriental histories are associated with intense geomagnetic storms
Radio Images of 3C 58: Expansion and Motion of its Wisp
New 1.4 GHz VLA observations of the pulsar-powered supernova remnant 3C 58
have resulted in the highest-quality radio images of this object to date. The
images show filamentary structure over the body of the nebula. The present
observations were combined with earlier ones from 1984 and 1991 to investigate
the variability of the radio emission on a variety of time-scales. No
significant changes are seen over a 110 day interval. In particular, the upper
limit on the apparent projected velocity of the wisp is 0.05c. The expansion
rate of the radio nebula was determined between 1984 and 2004, and is
0.014+/-0.003%/year, corresponding to a velocity of 630+/-70 km/s along the
major axis. If 3C 58 is the remnant of SN 1181, it must have been strongly
decelerated, which is unlikely given the absence of emission from the supernova
shell. Alternatively, the low expansion speed and a number of other arguments
suggest that 3C 58 may be several thousand years old and not be the remnant of
SN 1181.Comment: 12 pages; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Gas of self-avoiding loops on the brickwork lattice
An exact calculation of the phase diagram for a loop gas model on the
brickwork lattice is presented. The model includes a bending energy. In the
dense limit, where all the lattice sites are occupied, a phase transition
occuring at an asymmetric Lifshitz tricritical point is observed as the
temperature associated with the bending energy is varied. Various critical
exponents are calculated. At lower densities, two lines of transitions (in the
Ising universality class) are observed, terminated by a tricritical point,
where there is a change in the modulation of the correlation function. To each
tricritical point an associated disorder line is found.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures. to appear in J. Phys. A : Math. & Ge
A short response-time atomic source for trapped ion experiments
Ion traps are often loaded from atomic beams produced by resistively heated
ovens. We demonstrate an atomic oven which has been designed for fast control
of the atomic flux density and reproducible construction. We study the limiting
time constants of the system and, in tests with , show we can
reach the desired level of flux in 12s, with no overshoot. Our results indicate
that it may be possible to achieve an even faster response by applying an
appropriate one-off heat treatment to the oven before it is used.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure
A Sequential Mixed Method Study of Employee Job Satisfaction in Upscale Restaurants, Malaysia
The study determines the main factors affecting job satisfaction in upscale restaurants and their degree of comparative influence. The research initially involves qualitative data analysis of 20 interviews with restaurant employees representing five upscale restaurants in Kuala Lumpur (KL), followed by structural equation modeling of data retrieved from 368 questionnaires from 16 KL restaurants. The impact variance of four main determinants of job satisfaction are revealed, where the “working environment” has the highest impact, followed by “payment and compensation,” “promotion”, and finally, “workplace fairness”. Crucially, “workplace relationships” have a moderating effect on the relationship between the “work environment” and job satisfaction, implicating industry-applied recommendations to strengthen job satisfaction levels
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