Developing new ways to assess neural control of pelvic organ function in spinal conditions: ICI-RS 2023

Objectives: Several central nervous system (CNS) centers affect muscle groups of the lower urinary tract (LUT) and anorectal tract (ART) via autonomic and somatic pathways, working in different modes (storage or expulsion). Hence spinal cord dysfunction can affect the LUT and ART by several possible mechanisms. Methods: This review reports the discussions of a workshop at the 2023 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society, which reviewed uncertainties and research priorities of spinal dysfunction. Results: Discussion focussed on the levator ani nerve, mechanisms underpinning sensory function and sensation, functional imaging, dyssynergia, and experimental models. The following key research questions were identified. (1) Clinically, how can we evaluate the levator ani muscle to support assessment and identify prognosis for effective treatment selection? (2) How can we reliably measure levator ani tone? (3) How can we evaluate sensory information and sensation for the LUT and the ART? (4) What is the role of functional CNS imaging in development of scientific insights and clinical evaluation? (5) What is the relationship of detrusor sphincter dyssynergia to renal failure? Conclusions: Spinal cord dysfunction can fundamentally disrupt LUT and ART function, with considerable clinical impact. The evaluation needs to reflect the full scope of potential problems, and new clinical and diagnostic approaches are needed, for prognosis and treatment. The preclinical science evaluating spinal cord function in both LUT and ART storage and elimination remains a major priority, even though it is a challenging experimental context. Without this underpinning evidence, development of new clinical evidence may be held back

Programming settings and recharge interval in a prospective study of a rechargeable sacral neuromodulation system for the treatment of overactive bladder

Aims: The RELAX-OAB study is designed to confirm the safety, efficacy, and technical performance of the Axonics r-SNM System, a miniaturized, rechargeable SNM system approved in Europe and Canada for the treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to describe study subjects’ ability to charge the rechargeable neurostimulator and to document their neurostimulator program settings and recharge interval over time. Methods: Fifty-one OAB patients were implanted in a single-stage procedure. These results represent the 3-month charging experience for 48 subjects who completed the 3-month follow-up. Recharge intervals were estimated using therapy stimulation settings and subject experience was evaluated using questionnaires. Results: Forty-seven of forty-eight (98%) subjects were able to successfully charge their device prior to follow-up within 1-month post-implant. At 3-month post-implant, 98% of subjects were able to charge prior to their follow-up visit. Average stimulation amplitude across all subjects was 1.8 mA (±1.1 mA). A total of 69% of subjects had ≥14-day recharge intervals (time between charging) and 98% of subjects had ≥7-day recharge interval. No charging related adverse events occurred. Conclusions: Study subjects were able to charge the Axonics r-SNM System and stimulation settings provided 2 weeks of therapy between recharging for most subjects. Subject satisfaction indicates that subjects are satisfied with rechargeable SNM therapy

One-year outcomes of the ARTISAN-SNM study with the Axonics System for the treatment of urinary urgency incontinence

Aims: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a guideline-recommended treatment for voiding dysfunction including urgency, urge incontinence, and nonobstructive retention as well

Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in adults

Study design: Review article. Objectives: To provide a consensus expert review of the treatment modality for transanal irrigation (TAI). Methods: A consensus group of specialists from a range of nations and disciplines who have experience in prescribing and monitoring patients using TAI worked together assimilating both the emerging literature and rapidly accruing clinical expertise. Consensus was reached by a round table discussion process, with individual members leading the article write-up in the sections where they had particular expertise. Results: Detailed trouble-shooting tips and an algorithm of care to assist professionals with patient selection, management and follow-up was developed. Conclusion: This expert review provides a practical adjunct to training for the emerging therapeutic area of TAI. Careful patient selection, directly supervised training and sustained follow-up are key to optimise outcomes with the technique. Adopting a tailored, stepped approach to care is important in the heterogeneous patient groups to whom TAI may be applied. Sponsorship: The review was financially supported by Coloplast A/S. Spinal Cord (2013) 51, 732–738; doi:10.1038/sc.2013.86; published online 20 August 201

Pathological and physiological muscle co-activation during active elbow extension in children with unilateral cerebral palsy

Objective To address the roles and mechanisms of co-activation in two flexor/extensor pairs during elbow extension in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods 13 Typically Developing (TD) and 13 children with unilateral spastic CP performed elbow extension/flexion at different speeds. Elbow angle and velocity were recorded using a 3D motion analysis system. The acceleration and deceleration phases of extension were analyzed. Co-activation of the brachioradialis/triceps and biceps/triceps pairs was computed for each phase from surface electromyographic signals. Statistical analysis involved linear mixed effects models and Spearman rank correlations. Results During the acceleration phase, there was strong co-activation in both muscle pairs in the children with CP, which increased with speed. Co-activation was weak in the TD children and it was not speed-dependent. During the deceleration phase, co-activation was strong and increased with speed in both groups; co-activation of brachioradialis/triceps was stronger in children with CP, and was negatively correlated with extension range and positively correlated with flexor spasticity. Conclusions Abnormal patterns of co-activation in children with CP were found throughout the entire movement. Co-activation was specific to the movement phase and to each flexor muscle. Significance Co-activation in children with CP is both physiological and pathological

Remodelage de la signalisation calcique dans la tumeur prostatique : signature moléculaire de la récidive du cancer de prostate après chirurgie ?

International audienc

International spinal cord injury bowel function basic data set (Version 2.0)

Study design: International expert working group. Objectives: To revise the International Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Bowel Function Basic Data Set as a standardized format for the collecting and reporting of a minimal amount of information on bowel function in clinical practice and research. Setting: Working group appointed by the American Spinal injury association (ASIA) and the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS). Methods: The draft prepared by the working group was reviewed by the International SCI Data Set Committee and later by members of the ISCoS Executive and Scientific Committees and the ASIA board. The revised data set was posted on the ASIA and ISCoS websites for 1 month to allow further comments and suggestions. Changes resulting from a Delphi process among experts in children with SCI were included. Members of ISCoS Executive and Scientific Committees and the ASIA board made a final review and approved the data set. Results: The International SCI Bowel Function Basic Data Set (Version 2.0) consists of the following 16 items: date of data collection, gastrointestinal and anal sphincter dysfunction unrelated to SCI, surgical procedures on the gastrointestinal tract, defecation method and bowel-care procedures, average time required for defecation, frequency of defecation, uneasiness, headache or perspiration during defecation, digital stimulation or evacuation of the anorectum, frequency of fecal incontinence, flatus incontinence, need to wear pad or plug, oral laxatives and prokinetics, anti-diarrheal agents, perianal problems, abdominal pain and discomfort and the neurogenic bowel dysfunction score. Conclusion: The International SCI Bowel Function Basic Data Set (Version 2.0) has been developed

Impact of elbow angular velocity on muscle activation and coactivation during active elbow extension and supination in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy

Does the increase of angular velocity cause an increase of agonist and antagonist muscles activation and of coactivation during active elbow extension and supination in the involved upper limb of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy

Évaluation médico-économique des traitements urologiques chez les patients blessés médullaires : revue de la littérature

International audienceIntroductionTo provide an overview of the urological management of spinal cord injured patients based on an economic analysis.Materials and methodsA literature search from January 1994 to December 2014 was performed using Medline and Embase database using the following keywords: cost-effectiveness; cost-benefit; cost-utility; spinal cord injury; neurogenic bladder; intermittent catheterization; antimuscarinics; botulinum toxin; sacral neuromodulation; tibial nerve; Brindley; sphincterotomy. The tool used for comparison was the QALY (“quality adjusted life years”); an indicator between 0 and 1 allowing the comparison between two medical treatments using cost per QALY.ResultsSolifenacin (5 to 10 mg) is the most cost-effective treatment with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 19,893 €/QALY compared to trospium 40 mg, of 16,657 €/QALY compared to trospium 60 mg, of 12,309 £/QALY compared to oxybutinin. Botulinum toxin A is also cost-effective with an ICER of 24,720 $/QALY compared to best supportive cares for anticholinergic-refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity.ConclusionSolifenacin and botulinum toxin A appears to be the most cost-effective treatments for spinal injured urological cares. There is a pressing need to both increase and improve data collection and research on spinal cord injury.IntroductionÉvaluer les traitements urologiques accessibles aux patients blessés médullaires en s’appuyant sur des données médico-économiques.Matériel et méthodesUne revue de la littérature de janvier 1994 à décembre 2014 a été réalisée à partir des bases de données Medline et Embase en utilisant les mots clés suivants : cost-effectiveness ; cost-benefit ; cost-utility ; spinal cord injury ; neurogenic bladder ; intermittent catheterization ; antimuscarinics ; botulinum toxin ; sacral neuromodulation ; tibial nerve ; Brindley ; sphincterotomy. L’outils de comparaison utilisé était le QALY (« Quality Adjusted Life Years »), un indicateur synthétique d’utilité compris entre 0 et 1 permettant de comparer deux actions médicales sur une même pathologie.RésultatsParmi les traitements parasympatholytiques, la solifénacine (5 à 10 mg) était le traitement le plus efficace du point de vue pharmaco-économique, avec un ratio incrémental coût-efficacité (ICER) de 19 893 €/QALY en comparaison au trospium 40 mg, de 16 657 €/QALY au trospium 60 mg, de 12 309 £/QALY à l’oxybutinine. Les injections de toxine botulique étaient également coûts-efficaces avec un ICER de 24 720$/QALY comparativement au traitement médical.ConclusionDans notre revue, la solifénacine et la toxine botulique A étaient les traitements les plus coûts-utiles. L’amélioration de la collecte de données sur les coûts et les dépenses des soins urologiques est un enjeu médico-économiqu