Mapping of noise pollution by different interpolation methods in recovery section of Ghandi telecommunication Cables Company

Background: Noise pollution and workers\u27 noise exposure are common in industrial factories in Iran. In order to reduce this noise pollution, evaluation and investigation of noise emission are both necessary. In this study, different noise mapping methodsare used for determining the distribution of noise. Materials and Methods: In the present study, for preparing a noise map in a hall of an industrial factory, sampling was carried out in 6×6 m grid. After data normalization the variogram was developed. For interpolation of mentioned parameter, kriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods were used. The best model for interpolation was selected by cross validation and error evaluation methods, such as Route Mean Square Error(RMSE). Results: The results showed that kriging method is better than other methods for prediction of noise property. The noise map was prepared, using the best interpolation method in Geographical Information System environment. Conclusion: Workers in this industrial hall were exposed to noise which is mainly induced by noisy machines. Noise maps which were produced in this study showed the distribution of noise and, also revealed that workers suffer from serious noise pollution

Determining Some Morphophysiological Traits Affecting the Root-to-Shoot Ratio in Different Cultivars of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

IntroductionBarley is the fourth most common cereal crop in the world after wheat, maize, and rice, which is used for animal and human feed and malt production. This plant stands out among crops due to its unexpectedly wide range of adaptation and distribution compared to other cereals, earning it recognition as a model species.  Determining the variation in the morphological and physiological traits of roots and shoots in the collection of barley genotypes can provide the basis for breeding new cultivars with suitable traits for better adaptation to specific environments. So in this study, some morphophysiological characteristics of roots and shoots of commercial barley cultivars were studied to identify cultivars with a higher root-to-shoot ratio as donor parents for breeding projects.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 21 barley cultivars were grown in a randomized complete block design with six replications in greenhouse conditions. Morphological and physiological traits related to roots and shoots were measured during the tillering and heading stages. Also, some traits affecting photosynthesis and yield during reproductive growth and harvesting stages were measured. Analysis of variance, mean comparison by LSD test at 5% probability level, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal components analysis, cluster analysis by Ward method, correlation analysis, and path analysis were performed by JMP and R statistical software.Results and DiscussionSignificant genetic diversity was observed for most of the traits among cultivars (P < 0.05). At the tillering stage, Behrokh and Mehtab cultivars and in the heading stage, Jolgeh cultivar showed the highest dry weight of root to shoot ratio. Reyhan variety showed the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages. The carbohydrate content of the root in the tillering stage and leaf proline, root volume, and the ratio of chlorophyll a to carotenoid in the heading stage had the highest significant correlation coefficients with dry weight of root to shoot ratio (P < 0.05). Path analysis revealed that the root carbohydrate content in the tillering stage and the ratio of chlorophyll to carotenoids and proline in the heading stage are the most effective traits of the dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio. Principal components analysis showed that the first and second principal components explain 33.63% and the first seven principal components explain 72.66% of the total changes. Also, the first principal component showed a positive and significant correlation with root to root-to-shoot ratio in the heading stage, and the second principal component showed a negative and significant correlation with this ratio (P < 0.05). The studied cultivars were classified into four groups based on cluster analysis so that the fourth and second clusters in the tillering stage and the third and second clusters in the heading stage had the highest and the first cluster in both stages had the lowest dry weight of root to shoot ratio.ConclusionBased on the results, Jolgeh and Reyhan cultivars can be used in breeding programs to improve and produce cultivars with higher root-to-shoot ratio, optimal yield, and more adapted to specific environments. These cultivars had the highest and the lowest dry weight of root-to-shoot ratio in both stages, respectively. Also, they were placed in different dimensions of the biplot drawn based on the first two principal components. In addition, these cultivars were observed in different classes based on the cluster analysis.AcknowledgmentThis project related to the Ph.D. thesis was financially supported by the Vice President for Research of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and the seeds of the cultivars used in this study were provided by the Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, the authors are thankful for this cooperation

Nonverbal Communications in the Poetry of Hafez: The Role of Non-verbal Communications in the Interpretation and Acceptance of Hafez by the Audience

Different aspects of the poetry of Hafez have been studied so far. The material and non-material features of his poetry have been examined in different fields such as literature and anthropology. Due to the influence and importance of Hafez’s poetry, it seems that it can be studied from the perspective of other fields as well. Communications science is among these fields, dealing with how and why communications are established between the speaker and the audience. In the present article the nonverbal aspects in the poetry of Hafez are studied. It seems that the verbal aspects of his poetry are not the only factors that have made it remain popular with the audience through generations; nonverbal aspects have played a great part as well. This article aims to examine the literary work in terms of nonverbal communications in order to demonstrate the skill of the poet in establishing communications with its audience beyond the boundaries of speech; the poet’s mastery over this feature is also culturally interpreted. The utilized method is qualitative content analysis

Improvement of Waiting Time for Patients Referring to Emergency Room Using Discrete Event Simulation

Introduction: Many simulation studies have been conducted in the hospitals and first in the emergency departments to increase the productivity. The first issue in the field of service quality and hence the patient right is “waiting time”. The goal of this study was to reduce patients waiting times, emergency service timing, modeling and improving using discrete event simulation. Methods: This was a descriptive - analytical study by the cross-sectional method on 150 patients referred to the emergency department in a public hospital. All necessary data were collected using questionnaire and through observation. Simulation model was designed using Arena software. Results: Our computer simulation model indicates that the maximum waiting time is the time waited for the test request till the results are received by the MD and also the time is necessary for the consultation and examination purposes. Among the five different scenarios, alternative 5 is more interesting economically since it requires only three additional staffs to bring down waiting times. Conclusion: According to research results, to reduce patient waiting time, the Triage processing in the emergency departments and the employment of emergency medicine expert, and the ordering of the diagnostic processes in the early stages of treatment as such as laboratory ordering for emergency patients are of main necessity

Study of Epidemiology of caesarean sections performed in academic and non-academic hospitals in Yazd between 2013 and 2014

Introduction: Given the importance of increasing the percentage of natural childbirth , Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran decided to reduce the rate of caesarean. In line with this, guidelines of promoting the &nbsp;vaginal delivery programs were designed in order to increase the amount of natural childbirth in the university centers and reduce the cesarean rate by 10 percent by the end of 2014 in the context of healthcare reform programs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of caesarean sections performed in academic and non-academic hospitals in Yazd between 2013 and 2014 Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical study. 56050 deliveries were carried out in academic and non-academic hospitals during the years 2013 and 2014. The census information collected and analyzed &nbsp;using SPSS 20. . To analyze the data, frequency and percentage descriptive statistics were used. Results: Cesarean rate in 2014 was 47.37% in all of hospitals in Yazd and this rate was significantly higher in non-academic hospitals than academic ones. The rates of cesarean section in2014 were significantly decreased compared with 2013 in all non-academic and academic hospitals. Conclusion: Finally, this study showed that healthcare reform plan and planning for the use of this procedure in certain cases can reduce the amount of unnecessary caesarean sections and possible side effects

Protective effect of ghrelin on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rat

Ghrelin is a peptide that has protective effects on many tissues of the body. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Acetaminophen, a commonly used analgesic-antipyretic drug, has hepatotoxic side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of ghrelin in liver toxicity due to acetaminophen overdose. Thirty male rats were used in this study and divided into five groups. They were control, propylene-glycol (as a solvent of acetaminophen), acetaminophen, acetaminophen and NAC, acetaminophen and ghrelin groups. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and hepatic enzymes, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), were assessed and histologic study of liver were performed as indicators of liver damage following acetaminophen toxicity. Results showed that Ghrelin decreased ALT and AST to the normal level, and also reduced TNF-α. Although NAC (the standard antidote of acetaminophen toxicity) also reduced ALT, AST and TNF-α levels, our results show that ghrelin is more potent than NAC in protecting the liver from acetaminophen-induced liver injury. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

La ecologia En el arte de america prehispanica

Las relaciones de los seres humanos con su me­dio ambiente físico, encuentran su definición en la cultura -entendida como comportamiento - y llegan a concretarse en los objetos, entendidos no como simples materiales trabajados, sino des­de el punto de vista de su función, ya sea ésta de directa utilización técnica o de finalidad menoa tangible, a través de un simbolismo mágico-re­ligioso