23 research outputs found

    Macrozonation of Landslides for the Manjil, Iran 1990 Earthquake

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    The macrozonation and classification studies are carried out for the induced landslides in the imprinted area of the Manjil, Iran earthquake of 20 June 1990, in view point of engineering geology. The earthquake induced landslides are classified in 7 classes and all of them are mapped on the seismotectonic map of the region. Landslides of the historic time are considered as well. These studies showed that the most of large earthquake induced landslides are occurred within the earthquake origin zone of this earthquake and in the area which is specified with the earthquake intensity of more than VII (7) MSK. The earthquake faulting was associated with landslides. The occurrence of landslides was one of the geological-geotechnical diagnostics of the Manjil earthquake, such that they were of the main devastating factors

    Equations for the estimation of strong ground motions from shallow crustal earthquakes using data from Europe and the Middle East : vertical peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration

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    This article presents equations for the estimation of vertical strong ground motions caused by shallow crustal earthquakes with magnitudes M w 5 and distance to the surface projection of the fault less than 100km. These equations were derived by weighted regression analysis, used to remove observed magnitude-dependent variance, on a set of 595 strong-motion records recorded in Europe and the Middle East. Coefficients are included to model the effect of local site effects and faulting mechanism on the observed ground motions. The equations include coefficients to model the observed magnitude-dependent decay rate. The main findings of this study are that: short-period ground motions from small and moderate magnitude earthquakes decay faster than the commonly assumed 1/r, the average effect of differing faulting mechanisms is similar to that observed for horizontal motions and is not large and corresponds to factors between 0.7 (normal and odd) and 1.4 (thrust) with respect to strike-slip motions and that the average long-period amplification caused by soft soil deposits is about 2.1 over those on rock sites

    L'assistance au suicide en Suisse dans le contexte de polypathologie invalidante irréversible [Assisted suicide in Switzerland in the context of irreversible illness].

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    La prise en charge des personnes en fin de vie s'est beaucoup dĂ©veloppĂ©e en Suisse au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, et assure, grĂące aux soins gĂ©riatriques et palliatifs, dans une grande majoritĂ© des cas, une fin de vie digne aux patients. Il arrive toutefois que des malades, motivĂ©s notamment par une grande lassitude, aient recours Ă  une association telle qu'EXIT pour les accompagner dans leur dĂ©sir de mettre fin Ă  leurs jours, mĂȘme s'ils ne sont pas atteints d'une maladie mettant leur vie en danger. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© ce phĂ©nomĂšne chez les 21 personnes, qui ont mis fin Ă  leurs jours avec l'aide de l'association EXIT, sur une pĂ©riode de cinq ans (2001-2005) ; les souffrances physiques de ces malades Ă©taient reprĂ©sentĂ©es essentiellement par des douleurs importantes, une asthĂ©nie, des troubles respiratoires, neurologiques ou digestifs. A cela, s'ajoutaient les difficultĂ©s psychologiques liĂ©es Ă  la perte d'autonomie, la solitude, l'angoisse et le sentiment de perte de dignitĂ©. MalgrĂ© l'absence de maladie mortelle en soi, nous avons pu observer que les critĂšres exigĂ©s par l'association EXIT pour envisager un accompagnement Ă©taient respectĂ©s dans tous les cas

    Les complications post opératoires précoces des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux dans le service de chirurgie générale et digestive du chu Yalgado Ouédraogo au Burkina Faso : à propos de 98 cas

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    L’évolution post opĂ©ratoire prĂ©coce des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux est marquĂ©e de complications liĂ©es Ă  l’insuffisance de prise en charge. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les complications post opĂ©ratoires prĂ©coces des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux dans le service de chirurgie gĂ©nĂ©rale et digestive du CHU-YO. Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude transversale Ă  caractĂšre descriptif couvrant la pĂ©riode du 1er janvier au 31 dĂ©cembre 2015 et rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă  partir de patients de 15 ans et plus opĂ©rĂ©s dans le service de chirurgie gĂ©nĂ©rale et digestive du CHU-YO pour abdomens aigus chirurgicaux. Durant la pĂ©riode d’étude, nous avons colligĂ© 98 patients soit 16,6% des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux qui ont prĂ©sentĂ© au total 159 des complications post opĂ©ratoires prĂ©coces. L’ñge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 35,1 ans. Le sex-ratio Ă©tait de 1,72. Les acteurs du secteur informel Ă©taient plus concernĂ©s (31,6%). Les patients de bas niveau socioĂ©conomique Ă©taient retrouvĂ©s dans 49% des cas. Les patients provenant de zones urbaines reprĂ©sentaient 59,2%. La pĂ©ritonite aigue gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©e Ă©tait l’étiologie la plus frĂ©quente (68,4%) et celle qui a enregistrĂ©e le plus de complications post opĂ©ratoires (72,3%). Les complications post opĂ©ratoires prĂ©coces Ă©taient infectieuses dans 76,7% des cas. La suppuration pariĂ©tale (31%), la septicĂ©mie (13,2%), la pĂ©ritonite post opĂ©ratoire (6,3%), la fistule digestive (5,7%), l’éviscĂ©ration (5,7%), l’infection pulmonaire (4,4%) et l’infection urinaire (3,7%) Ă©taient les complications retrouvĂ©es. Le traitement a Ă©tĂ© chirurgical dans 18,4% des cas. La survenue des complications post opĂ©ratoires est essentiellement liĂ©e Ă  l’urgence, au malade, Ă  l’intervention. La mortalitĂ© Ă©tait de 13,3%. Pour conclure, la maĂźtrise de la prĂ©vention des infections contribuera Ă  la rĂ©duction considĂ©rable des complications post opĂ©ratoires des abdomens aigus chirurgicaux.Mots-clĂ©s: complications, post opĂ©ratoires, abdomen aigu, Burkina FasoEnglish AbstractPostoperative evolution of acute surgical abdomen is marked by many complications. The aim of this study was to describe the early postoperative complications of acute surgical abdomen in the service of general and digestive surgery of the university hospital YO. Cross-sectional study in descriptive character for the period from 1 January to 31 December 2015 and made from patients 15 years and older admitted and operated in the service of General and Digestive Surgery of the university hospital -YO to acute surgical abdomen. During the study period, we collected 98 patients who have Early postoperative complications which represented 16.6% of acute surgical abdomen. They present 159 early postoperative complications. The average age of patients was 35.1 years. The sex ratio was 1.72. The informal sector workers were more concerned (31.6%). Patients of low socioeconomic were found 49% of cases. Patients from urban areas accounted for 59.2%. The generalized acute peritonitis was the most common etiology (68.4%) and that has recorded the most postoperative complications (72.3%). The complications were infectious in 76.7% of cases. Parietal suppuration (31%), sepsis (3.2%), the postoperative peritonitis (6.3%), digestive fistula (5.7%), evisceration (5.7%), pulmonary infection (4.4%) and urinary tract infection (3.7%) were the complications most found. The treatment was surgical in 18.4% of cases. The occurrence of postoperative complications is mainly due to the emergency, the patient, intervention. Mortality was 13.3%. To conclude, the control of infection contribute to the significant reduction of early surgical postoperative complications of acute abdomens.Keywords: Post operative, complications, Acute, surgical abdome

    Trichoberoard gastrique : Premier cas observe en milieu bur kina be

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    Le trichobezoard est une concretion de cheveux, de poils ou de fibres de tapis et de debris alimentaire, localisee habituellement dans l'estomac. Le trichobezoard est une pathologie rare qui survient habituellement chez des adolescentes presentant des troubles psychiques. La premiere observation de trichobezoard a ete rapportee en 1 779 par Baudamant lors d'une autopsie chez un homme mort suite a une peritonite par perforation gastrique. Nous rapportons le premier cas en milieu burkinabe, observe en 2013 dans le service de chirurgie generale et digestive du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Y algado Ouedraogo de Ouagadougou. ll s' est agi d'une jeune femme de 20 ans admise pour une masse epigastrique associee a des vomissements alimentaires. L'interrogatoire avait retrouve des antecedents de trichotillomanie et de trichophagie datant de 4 ans. La fibroscopie digestive haute avait montre un trichobezoard gastrique. Une laparotomie mediane sus-ombilicale, puis une gastrotomie avait permis !'extraction d'un trichobezoard mesurant 32 x 9 x 6 em, pesant 900 g. Les suites operatoires avaient ete simples. La patiente etait sortie au huitieme jour postoperatoire. Elle a ete confiee par la suite a un psychiatre pour suivi therapeutique.Mots-cles : trichobezoard, trichotillomanie, trichophagie, estomac.Gastric trichobezoar : first report case in Burkina EnvironmentThe trichobezoar is a concretion of hair or carpet and food debris fiber, usually  located in the stomach. The first observation trichobezoar was reported in 1779 by Baudamant at autopsy in a man died following gastric perforation with peritonitis. We report the first case in Burkina environment observed in 2013 in General and  Digestive Surgery department of University Hospital Y algado Ouedraogo of Ouagadougou. He acted in a 20 year old woman admitted for epigastric mass  associated with food vomiting. The interrogation had found a history of  trichotillomania and trichophagia dating 4 years. The gastroscopy showed a gastric hairball. A supra-umbilical midline laparotomy and a gastrostomy allowed extracting a hairball measuring 32 x 9 x 6 em, weighing 900 g. The postoperative were simple. The patient was out in the eighth postoperative day. She was later assigned to a psychiatrist for therapy monitoring. The hairball is a rare disease that usually occurs in adolescents with mental disorders.Keywords: trichobezoar, trichotillomania, trichophagia, stomach
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