Optical monitoring system

Instrument can measure optical transmission, reflectance, and scattering. This information can be used to identify changes in optical properties or deviations from required optical standards. Device consists of monochromatic source, photo detector, transfer mirror, and hemiellipsoid. System might be used to measure optical properties of thin film

A statistical learning method to fast generalised rule induction directly from raw measurements

Induction of descriptive models is one of the most important technologies in data mining. The expressiveness of descriptive models are of paramount importance in applications that examine the causality of relationships between variables. Most of the work on descriptive models has concentrated on less expressive approaches such as clustering algorithms or rule-based approaches that are limited to a particular type of data, such as association rule mining for binary data. However, in many applications its important to understand the structure of the produced model for further human evaluation. In this research we present a novel generalised rule induction method that allows the induction of descriptive and expressive rules directly from both categorical and numerical features

Interpersonal Communication: A Mindful Approach to Relationships

Interpersonal Communication: A Mindful Approach to Relationships helps readers examine their own one-on-one communicative interactions using a mindfulness lens. The writing team of Jason S. Wrench, Narissra M. Punyanunt-Carter, and Katherine Thweatt incorporates the latest communication theory and research to help students navigate everyday interpersonal interactions. The 14 chapters in this book cover topics typically taught in an undergraduate interpersonal communication course: family interactions, interpersonal dynamics, language, listening, nonverbal communication, and romantic relationships, as well as exploring emerging areas such as self-compassion, body positivity, friendships, and “the dark side”. The writing takes on a purposefully informal tone to engage readers. Each chapter is broken into different sections that have unique instructional outcomes, key takeaways, and exercises, and concludes with real-world case studies and sample quiz questions. Also included is an extensive glossary with over 350 definitions.https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/oer-ost/1028/thumbnail.jp

Very high frame rate ultrasound tongue imaging

This paper examines the trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution in ultrasound tongue images at fast frame rates. The fastest lingual speech movements are investigated using a variety of echo pulse densities. Benefits and drawbacks of using higher frame rates are considered. Faster frame rates reduce distortion of the shape of the tongue during highly dynamic segments but it becomes increasingly difficult to discern the detail of that shape. The best temporal and spatial resolution is achieved with shorter distances between the probe and the tongue surface.caslpub2505pu

Spatio-temporal inaccuracies of video-based ultrasound images of the tongue.

Abstract. This paper focuses on aspects of ultrasound technology that have an impact on the accuracy of this technique as an investigative tool for the study of displacement, timing and movement of the tongue during speech. The paper describes settings and elements in the design of ultrasound systems that can affect spatial and temporal resolution and provides recommendations for how to minimize distortion.caslpub2151pu

High-speed Cineloop Ultrasound vs. Video Ultrasound Tongue Imaging: Comparison of Front and Back Lingual Gesture Location and Relative Timing.

We compare two methods of acquiring ultrasound tongue images. A new system capable of recording directly from the cineloop image buffer at a high frame rate and which is more accurately synchronized with audio is compared with an optimised method of recording images via the NTSC video output of an ultrasound machine. As a focus for this comparison we gathered representative data on English /l from a single speaker, using a headset restraint system. Both systems performed well, but while the video system is at its limits, the cineloop system is inherently more accurate and offers greater opportunity for development.caslpub2012pu

Queen Margaret University ultrasound, audio and video multichannel recording facility (2008-2016)

This working paper describes some of the technical characteristics of the QMU speech recording facility, used to record high speed ultrasound, video, audio and other channels. It has been used by a number of projects at Queen Margaret University, in the Clinical Audiology, Speech and Language Research Centre since 2008, and some technical information has been made available in a range of publications, manuals and student reports. Here we collate in one place the background information relevant to issues of spatial resolution, time resolution, temporal synchronisation, edge detection and confidence, and comment on their general relevance for ultrasound-based speech research at QMU and in other laboratoriescaslpub4367pubWP-24 (2016

Categorising vocalisation of English /l/ using EPG, EMA and ultrasound.

ABSTRACT: We consider allophonic and speaker-specific variation in the alveolar gestures found in vocalised and consonantal /l/. EMA or ultrasound give tongue position data and EPG gives simultaneous alveolar contact data. We find systematic vocalisation with interspeaker variation in the prosodic distribution of these vocalised forms. The data suggest some allophonic variation is subtle, continuous and gradient, while some is more categorical.caslBrowman, C.P. & Goldstein, L. (1995) Gestural Syllable Position Effects in American English- In Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues. For Katherine Safford Harris, F. Bell-Berti and L. J. Raphael (Eds.), 19-34. New York, NY: AIP Press. Foulkes, P. & Docherty, G. (eds.) (1999) Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles. London: Edward Arnold. Giles, S.B. & Moll, K.L. (1975) Cinefluorographic study of selected allophones of English /l/- Phonetica 31, 206-227. Narayanan, S.S., Alwan A.A. & Haker, K. (1997) Toward articulatory-acoustic models for liquid approximants based on MRI and EPG data. Part I. The laterals- Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 101 (2), 1064-1077. Scobbie, J.M. & Wrench, A.A. (2003) An articulatory investigation of word final /l/ and /l/-sandhi in three dialects of English- Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, 1871-74. Sproat, R. & Fujimura, O. (1993) Allophonic variation in English /l/ and its implications for phonetic implementation- Journal of Phonetics 21, 291-311. Wrench, A.A. (2000) A multi-channel/multi-speaker articulatory database for continuous speech recognition research- Phonus 5, 1-13.pub2244pu

Conditioning factors in external sandhi : an EPG study of English /l/ vocalisation.

English l-sandhi involves an allophonic alternation in alveolar contact for word-final /l/ in connected speech [4]. EPG data for five Scottish Standard English and five Southern Standard British English speakers shows that there is individual and dialectal variation in contact patterns. We analysed vocalisation rate (% of tokens with no alveolar contact) and the area of any residual alveolar contact. Word-final /l/ contact is, to some extent, onset-like before vowel-initial words and coda-like before words with a labial onset C. If the vowel has a glottal attack, however, or the onset C is /h/, sandhi is less predictable, suggesting that resyllabification is insufficient as a mechanism for conditioning tongue tip behaviour of word final /l/.casl[1] Browman, C. & Goldstein, L. 1995. Gestural syllable position effects in American English, Producing Speech: Contemporary Issues, F. Bell-Berti & L.J. Raphael, eds. AIP Press: Woodbury, NY. 19-33. [2] Giles, S.B. & Moll, K.L., 1975. Cinefluorographic study of selected allophones of English /l/. Phonetica, 31, 206- 227. [3] Hardcastle, W. & Barry, W., 1989. Articulatory and perceptual factors in /l/ vocalisations in English. Journal of the IPA, 15, 3-17. [4] Scobbie, J. & Wrench, A., 2003. An articulatory investigation of word-final /l/ and /l/-sandhi in three dialects of English. Proc. XVth ICPhS, 1871-1874. [5] Sproat, R. & Fujimura, O., 1993. Allophonic variation in English /l/ and its implications for phonetic implementation. JPhon, 21, 291-311. [6] Wrench, A., 2000. A multi-channel/multi-speaker articulatory database for continuous speech recognition research. Phonus, 5, 1-13.pub44pu

Acoustic analysis of /l/ in glossectomees

The production of /l/ is examined for pre- and post-operative patients who have undergone surgery in three distinct areas (anterior, posterior or lateral tongue) followed by radiotherapy and reconstruction. Results show F1 and F2 to be raised after surgery in all cases. Normalised measures of tongue height (F1-F0) and extension (F2-F1) revealed no significant change after surgery to the side of the tongue but in the other two categories, results indicated a change normally associated with both raising and fronting of the tongue. The paper compares these results with findings from other studies and considers possible mechanisms for the observed changes. 1. INTRODUCTION Previous work [1] by the authors has focused on the production of /s/ and /sh/ in pre- and postoperative glossectomee speech. Although, these phonemes can be objectively shown to be affected by surgery, change in dentition also plays a critical role and in a large number of cases speech therapy must wait until new dentu...caslpub2574pu