BRIDGE DISASTER MONITORING AND ALERT SYSTEM

A sensor technology had brought the automatic real time bridge health monitoring system. The system has the utilized a ZIGBEE based data acquisition unit a GPRS communication network.The simulation and the actual real time result were matched with acceptable error that not after the health status of the bridge

Performance Testing Of Radiator Of High Altitude Vehicle Engine

Till now there are many interventions have been made in the area of thermal performance enhancement of radiator which is cross flow type of heat exchanger. It is only because the radiator is key component of engine cooling system. These interventions include changes in material, changes in shape, various types of coolants, variations in air velocity and so on. And these interventions have been made improvement in efficiency of automotive cooling system. Radiator thermal analysis consist sizing and rating of heat exchanger. The radiator size mainly depends on heat rejection requirement. Heat transfer calculations are important fundamentals to optimize radiator size. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/2015060

Effect of continuous annealing process on various structure parameters of martensite of dual-phase steels

Industrial continuous annealing process routes for dual-phase steels are mostly found to be non-isothermal in nature. The present study is an effort to understand the importance of non-isothermal annealing process parameters and their impact on the various metallurgical phenomena; such as recrystallisation and phase transformation behaviours of duel-phase steel. These, in turn, are expected to influence various structure parameters of martensite phase which are critical in determining the strength of duel-phase steel. A dual-phase steel sheet in 67% cold rolled full hard condition was subjected to non-isothermal annealing treatment with varying heating rate and inter-critical annealing temperatures. After processing the samples were investigated for structural parameters of martensite phase using a scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation technique. It was observed that due to non-isothermal nature of continuous annealing process, the hardness of the martensite phase did not follow the hardness trends as determined from conventional carbon concentration. Further, lattice tetragonality of martensite was also affected by increasing its volume fractions. The annealing process apparently influenced the evolution of texture because of the increasing fraction of martensite in dual-phase steel

Importance of Martensite Spatial Distribution at Large Volume Fractions in Imparting Ductility in High-Strength Dual-Phase Steel

Controlled austenite decomposition in a cold-rolled steel was carried out in a hot-dip process simulator with different inter-critical annealing process parameters to produce dual-phase steel consisting of martensite phase fraction above 50%. The evolving microstructure was characterized by using scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction techniques. Macro- and micro-texture was characterized by using x-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction techniques, respectively. Uniaxial tensile deformation showed a very good combination of ultra-high strength above 900 MPa with uniform elongation of above 7%. An anomalous increase in ductility was observed for steel with high martensite volume fraction of 62.2% compared to that of lower fraction of 52.3%, indicating the influence of size and spatial distribution arrangement of ferrite and martensite phases. The enhancement in the ductility with high strength was attributed to the improved plastic deformability of hard fine martensite phase along with fine ferrite surrounding it. The nature of micro- and macro-texture was also found to affect strain partitioning compatibility between ferrite and martensite in this study

Antibacterial finish for cotton fabric from herbal products

50-58An ecofriendly natural antibacterial finish has been prepared from the plant extracts for textile application. Herbal extracts from Ocimum sanctum (tulsi leaf) and rind of Punica granatum (pomegranate) have been applied to cotton fabric by the method of direct application, micro-encapsulation, resin cross-linking and their combinations. All the treatments show good antibacterial properties for the fabrics. Except the method of direct application, all other treatments show good washing durability up to 15 washes. The surface morphological studies using SEM show the surface coating, microcapsules and some fibrillation. The GC-MS studies reveal that the major components responsible for the antibacterial properties are Eugenol, Germacrene and Phytol. A small decrease in tensile strength and crease recovery angle is observed for resin treated and micro-encapsulated fabrics respectively. But in the combined processes no significant changes are observed

Bridge Disaster Monitoring And Alert System

A sensor technology had brought the automatic real time bridge health monitoring system. The system has the utilized a ZIGBEE based data acquisition unit a GPRS communication network.The simulation and the actual real time result were matched with acceptable error that not after the health status of the bridge

Design And Fabrication Of Contactless Energy Generation By Flywheel

The production and use of energy are vital to the economies of all countries and it is needed for many activities such as lighting and phone charging and driving the bike and lot of other stuff, Energy is usually produced by non-renewable sources such as petrol, Kerosene and nuclear whichunfortunately create pollution. This idea that could generates electricity without any friction with flywheel car or commercial Tyre are known to be richest source of kinetic energy , so we are converting directly kinetic energy to electrical energy for generating electricity, which can generate upto 230 volt energy. A flywheel is an electrical approach to energy storage to store electricity a motor is used to convert the electrical energy from an external source into rotational energy of flywheel .using the motor as a generator and extracting energy retrieve the stored energy and slows the flywheel. A complete arrangement consist of flywheel, bike tyre ,free wheel chain sprocket, motor engine as input power for tyre rotation ,battery charging unit

Impact of Martensite Spatial Distribution on Quasi-Static and Dynamic Deformation Behavior of Dual-Phase Steel

The effects of microstructure parameters of dual-phase steels on tensile high strain dynamic deformation characteristic were examined in this study. Cold-rolled steel sheets were annealed using three different annealing process parameters to obtain three different dual-phase microstructures of varied ferrite and martensite phase fraction. The volume fraction of martensite obtained in two of the steels was near identical (similar to 19 pct) with a subtle difference in its spatial distribution. In the first microstructure variant, martensite was mostly found to be situated at ferrite grain boundaries and in the second variant, in addition to at grain boundaries, in-grain martensite was also observed. The third microstructure was very different from the above two with respect to martensite volume fraction (similar to 67 pct) and its morphology. In this case, martensite packets were surrounded by a three-dimensional ferrite network giving an appearance of core and shell type microstructure. All the three steels were tensile deformed at strain rates ranging from 2.7 x 10(-4) (quasi-static) to 650 s(-1) (dynamic range). Field-emission scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the starting as well as post-tensile deformed microstructures. Dual-phase steel consisting of small martensite volume fraction (similar to 19 pct), irrespective of its spatial distribution, demonstrated high strain rate sensitivity and on the other hand, steel with large martensite volume fraction (similar to 67 pct) displayed a very little strain rate sensitivity. Interestingly, total elongation was found to increase with increasing strain rate in the dynamic regime for steel with core-shell type of microstructure containing large martensite volume fraction. The observed enhancement in plasticity in dynamic regime was attributed to adiabatic heating of specimen. To understand the evolving damage mechanism, the fracture surface and the vicinity of fracture ends were studied in all the three dual-phase steels