Procjena fizičkog opterećenja statističkom analizom srčane frekvencije u radnice na vrpci u punionici pića

Physical work load was estimated in a female conveyor-belt worker in a bottling plant. Estimation was based on continuous measurement and on calculation of average heart rate values in three-minute and one-hour periods and during the total measuring period. The thermal component of the heart rate was calculated by means of the corrected effective temperature, for the one-hour periods. The average heart rate at rest was also determined. The work component of the heart rate was calculated by subtraction of the resting heart rate and the heart rate measured at 50 W, using a regression equation. The average estimated gross energy expenditure during the work was 9.6±1.3 kJ/min corresponding to the category of light industrial work. The average estimated oxygen uptake was 0.42±0.06 L/min. The average performed mechanical work was 12.2±4.2 W, i.e. the energy expenditure was 8.3±1.5%.U radu je prikazan način procjene fizičkog opterećenja u radnice na vrpci u punionici pića, temeljene na kontinuiranom mjerenju i izračunavanju prosječnih vrijednosti srčane frekvencije u trominutnim i jednosatnim razdobljima, te tijekom čitavog razdoblja mjerenja. Regresijskom jednadžbom koja koristi vrijednost korigirane efektivne temperature, izračunane iz parametara mikroklime mjerenih u jednosatnim razdobljima, izračunata je toplinska sastavnica srčane frekvencije. Tijekom mirovanja također je određena prosječna vrijednost srčane frekvencije. Oduzimanjem srčane frekvencije u mirovanju i toplinske sastavnice srčane frekvencije od aktualne srčane frekvencije, dobivena je radna sastavnica srčane frekvencije za sva spomenuta razdoblja. Iz vrijednosti srčane frekvencije u mirovanju i srčane frekvencije postignute pri opterećenju od 50 W na biciklergometru dobivena je regresijska jednadžba korelacije frekvencije i izvršenog rada, na temelju koje je izračunavan izvršeni rad u spomenutim razdobljima. Iz primitka kisika pri opterećenju od 50 W na biciklergometru, primitka kisika na razini bazalnog metabolizma, srčane frekvencije pri opterećenju od 50 W i srčane frekvencije na razini bazalnog metabolizma izračunana je regresijska jednadžba korelacije srčane frekvencije i primitka kisika, i prikazan procijenjeni primitak kisika tijekom rada u svim razdobljima mjerenja. Primitak kisika na razini bazalnog metabolizma izračunan je iz energetske potrošnje dobivene jednadžbom po Harrisu i Benedictu, a primitak kisika pri opterećenju od 50 W iz nomograma koji se koristi pri ergometriji. Iz procijenjenog primitka kisika izračunavana je bruto energetska potrošnja za sva razdoblja mjerenja. Prosječna procijenjena bruto energetska potrošnja tijekom šest sati efektivnog rada ispitanice iznosila je 9.7±1.3 kJ/min,što odgovara kategoriji laganog industrijskog rada. Prosječni procijenjeni primitak kisika u istom razdoblju iznosio je 0,45±0,06 L/min, prosječno izvršeni mehanički rad 12,5±4,2 W, odnosno energetska efikasnost 7,8±1,4%

Statins improve wound healing through inhibition of activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by farnesyl pirophosphate

Uvod: Glukokortikoidni hormoni (GH) su mimo svog anti-inflamatornog dejstva i jedni od najpoznatijih inhibitora zarastanja rana. Nedavno je pokazano da farnezil pirofosfat (FPP), ključni međuprodukt mevalonatskog puta sinteze holesterola i farnezilacije proteina može delovati i kao agonista za nekoliko nuklearnih hormonskih receptora uključujući glukokortikodni receptor (GR). Interesantno je da statini, lekovi koji se koriste u terapiji ateroskleroze, svoje dejstvo ostvaruju upravo inhibirajući ovaj sintetski put. Međutim, statini imaju i dodatne plejotropne efekte, koji se ostvaruju nezavisno od sniženja koncentracije holesterola u plazmi i značajno doprinose njihovom korisnom dejstvu u različitim bolestima. Jedan od dobro dokumentovanih plejotropnih efekata je poboljšana reparacija tkiva uključujući i zarastanje rana. Zanimljivo je da se upravo inhibicija farnezilacije signalnih molekula, usled sniženja nivo ćelijskog FPP-a, smatrala do sada ključnim mehanizmom kojim statini ostvaruju ove svoje dodatne efekte. Međutim otkriće da FPP može delovati kao ligand za GR otvara vrata za drugačiju interpretaciju mehanizma dejstva plejotropnih efekata statina i novu primenu ovih lekova. Ciljevi: U ovoj disertaciji dokazivano je postojanje novog mehanizma dejstva statina, kojim oni mogu pospešiti zarastanje rana. Ovaj efekat se zasniva na sniženju koncentracije endogenog FPP-a u ćelijama kože, putem inhibicije HMG-CoA reduktaze Osnovna hipoteza je da, s obzirom da statini svoje dejstvo ostvaruju upravo inhibirajući ovaj sintetski put, modifikuju FPP-GR signalizaciju i tako učestvuju u stimulaciji zarastanje rana. Prvi cilj istraživanja je bio aktivacije glukokortikoidnog signalnog puta i stimulacije transkripcije gena. Potom je ispitatano da li povećanje nivoa endogenog FPP-a putem inhibicije enzima skvalen sintetaze i farnezil transferaze ima isti efekat na aktivaciju glukokortikoidnog receptora kao i dodavanje egzogenog FPP-a...Introduction: Glucocorticoid hormones, in addition to their anti-immflamatory effect, are well known inhibitors of wound healing. Recent studies have shown that farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a key intermediate in the mevalonate pathway of the cholesterol synthesis and protein farnesylation, can act as an agonist for several nuclear hormone receptors including glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Interestingly, mechanism of action of statins, drugs used in therapy of atherosclerosis, is based on inhibition of mevalonath pathway. However, statins might exert also additional pleiotropic, noncholesterol lowering effects which significantly contribute to their therapeutic action. One of the well known pleiotropic effects of the statins is stimulation of tissue repair, including wound healing. Interestingly, mechanism of pleiotropic effects is traditionally explained by statin mediated inhibition of the farensylation of signaling molecules. By inhibiting the enzime HMG-CoA reductase, statins prevent the synthesis of substrate for reaction, farnesylpyrophosphate. Given that is recently shown that FPP can act as a ligand for GR, it is not surprising that statins might have additional mechanisms of action beyond inhibition of the farnesylation. Better understanding of this mechanism may contribute to novel therapeutic roles for this drugs. Objectives: In this study we are exploring new mechanism of action of statins that can contribute to improvement of wound healing. This effect is based on decreasing the levels of endogenus FPP in keratinocytes by inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase. We postulate that statins, acting as an inhibitors of mevalonate pathway, stimulate wound healing through modulation of FPP-GR signal. The first step in in our study is to prove that the exogenous FPP, acting as an agonist for GR, can activate the glucocorticoid signaling pathway and regulate the transcription of the target genes. Second, will explore the effects of ZGA and B581, which both can increase the level of endogenous FPP, on activation of glucocorticoid receptors. ZGA and B581 acomplish their effects through inhibition of squalene synthetase and farnesyl transferase respectively..

Health impairments in iron cast cleaners

U razdoblju od 1978. do 1984. godine u dvije ljevaonice radilo je prosječno oko 120 čistača odljevaka, od kojih je 29 zbog različitih subjektivnih smetnji u obliku bljedila prstiju, parestezija podlaktica i šaka i boli podlaktica, šaka i laktova upućeno u Centar za prevenciju, dijagnostiku i ocjenu radne sposobnosti radi potvrđivanja oštećenja u vezi s djelovanjem vibracija pneumatskih alata i brusilica. Od objektivnih pretraga učinjeni su test hladnoćom, digitalna pletizmografija, elektromiografija gornjih ekstremiteta, radiografska obrada pluća i audiometrija. Pri evaluaciji oštećenja vibracijama uzeta je u obzir i dužina ekspozicije vibracijama pneumatskih alata i brusilica. U prvih 5 godina rada na poslovima čišćenja odljevaka ustanovili smo rana oštećenja koja inače nismo očekivali. Ostala oštećenja pojavila su se nakon duge ili vrlo duge ekspozicije vibracijama, što se moglo i očekivati. Najveći broj čistača odljevaka imao je specifične smetnje koje su upućivale na pojavu vibracijskog sindroma. Digitalna pletizmografija je bila patološka samo unutar prvih 15 godina rada, a postojala su samo funkcionalna oštećenja krvnih žila prstiju ruku. Osim toga digitalna pletizmografija je u mnogo većem postotku svojim promjenama potvrđivala subjektivne tegobe radnika u obliku pojave bljedila prstiju negoli je to potvrđeno testom hladnoćom.From 1978 to 1984 among 120 cast cleaners working in two iron smelteries 29 complained of white fingers, paraesthesia of the fist and forearm, and of the pain in the forearm, fist and elbow. They were referred to the Centre for Prevention, Diagnosis and Assessment of Working Capacity for confirmation of diagnosis of occupational impairment due to vibration. The following tests were done: cold test, digital plethysmography, electromyography of the upper extremities, radiographic examination of the lungs and audiometric examination. In evaluating the vibration caused impairment the duration of vibration exposure from pneumatic tools and vibrating equipment was taken into account. Impairments were observed as early as in the first five years of work on cast cleaning. Impairments that appeared after a protracted or very long exposure to vibration were as expected. The complaints received from the greatest number of cast cleaning workers were specific and indicative of vibration syndrome. Pathological findings of digital plethysmography were established only within the first 15 years of exposure and these were mainly functional vascular disorders in the fingers. Furthermore, the symptom of white fingers was confirmed by changes in digital plethysmography in a far greater number of workers than by cold test

Lacrimal hyposecretion with women at videoterminals

U toku sveobuhvatnog pregleda radnica zaposlenih na videoterminalima uz obavezan okulistički pregled učinili smo i test ispitivanja sekrecije suza. Ispitivanja su obavljena na tri skupine po 100 radnica, i to prvoj gdje su bile radnice s punim radnim vremenom (8 sati) na terminalu, drugoj radnice s pola ili manje od pola radnog vremena (vrijeme provedeno za terminalom nije bilo manje od 2 sata na dan neprekidno) i trećoj, kontrolnoj, radnice koje borave u prostorijama gdje su videoterminali, ali rade neki drugi službenički posao. Hiposekrecija je najčešće bila prisutna kod radnica s punim radnim vremenom, i to kod 20% ispitanica. Statistički značajna razlika postoji između prve i druge dvije skupine ispitanica, dok između druge i kontrolne skupine nema značajne razlike.Tests of vision and lacrimal secretion were performed as part of a general medical check-up among women employed at videoterminals in a bank. The tests were taken by three groups of 100 employees each. The first group consisted of full-time (eight hours) employees, the second of those working part-time (the time spent at a videoterminal daily was never less than two hours of continuous work) and a third group of control subjects having different clerical jobs but working in the premises with videoterminals. Diminished lacrimal secretion was most often present among full-time workers (20 per cent). A statistically significant difference in lacrimal secretion was observed between the first and the second group of examinees. There was no significant difference between the second group and the controls

Degenerative changes in the spinal column of dock workers

Obradom medicinske dokumentacije 5247 zaposlenih u RO "Luka" Rijeka kod 1082 osobe (20,6%) utvrđene su degenerativne promjene kralješnice koje su tako došle na prvo mjesto u popisu kroničnih bolesti, i to ispred hipertenzije (12,3%), duodenalnog ulkusa (7,4%) i alkoholizma (6,6%). Statističkom obradom dobivena je signifikantna razlika u praćenju učestalosti između degenerativnih promjena kralješnice i hipertenzije kao slijedeće najčešće kronične bolesti (P < 0,0001), kao i između degenerativnih promjena kralješnice i ostalih obrađenih bolesti. Raznolikost i specifičnost poslova koji se obavlja u toj radnoj organizaciji te niz različitih noksi kao što su fizički napor, izloženost hladnoći i vlazi, nagloj promjeni temperature, zračna strujanja, vibracije, rad u prisilnom položaju itd. mogli bi se smatrati preduvjetom za pojavu kroničnih degenerativnih bolesti kralješnice.Medical records for 5247 workers employed in the Port of Rijeka show degenerative changes of the vertebral column to be present in 1082 persons (20.6%). Diseases of the spine thus occupy the first place among all the chronic diseases observed among dock workers and come before hypertension (12. 7%), duodenal ulcer (7.4%) and alcoholism (6.6%)

Changes in the anterior segment of the eye in workers employed in the manufacture of coke

Provedeno ispitivanje u odnosu na očne smetnje u radnika u proizvodnji koksa pokazalo je u visokom postotku promjene prednjeg segmenta oka. Registrirani simptomi hiperemije konjunktive, pingvekula, pigmentacije i konjunktivitisa najvjerojatnije su vezani za specifičan rad i izloženost ugljenoj prašini i neugodnim nadražljivcima. U radnika s manje od dvije godine ekspozicije nema promjena u sekreciji suza, u onih koji rade između 2 - 7 godina dominira hipersekrecija, a nakon duže izloženosti dolazi u većini izloženih radnika do hiposekrecije.An investigation carried out of eye disorders in workers employed in the manufacture of coke demonstrated a high percentage of changes in the anterior segment of the eye. Registered symptoms such as conjunctival hyperemia, pinguecula, pigmentation and conjuctivitis were most probably connected with specific work and exposure to coal dust and irritants. In workers exposed for less than two years there were no changes in lacrimal secretion. In those working for 2 - 7 years excessive hypersecretion dominated, and after a longer period of exposure the majority of workers had hyposecretion

Glue sniffing among secondary-school pupils

Posljednjih godina uočava se u školske djece pojava udisanja para ljepila. Većina -snifera- su eksperimentalni potrošači koji u mirisnim parama ljepila traže zadovoljstvo i ugodaj -urnjetnog raja-. U tri centra usmjerenog obrazovanja u Rijeci anketiranjem je provedeno epidemiološko istraživanje raširenosti udisanja para ljepila. Ukupno su anketirana 2254 učenika u životnoj dobi od 14 do 18 godina. Pare ljepila udisala je 15,2% učenika i 11 % učenica. Prema rezultatima ove studije, udisanje para ljepila značajno utječe na pušenje duhana i pojavu politoksikomanskih sklonosti učenika. Kod učenika koji su -snifali- 14,7% je nepušača, a kod učenica 15,2%.The habit of glue sniffing among pupils has been noted recently. Most sniffers are experimental consumers who seek pleasure and conditional paradise through glue sniffing. An epidemiological investigation carried out in three secondary schools in Rijeka, by means of a questionnaire, showed that among 2254 pupils, aged 14-18 years, l5.2 per cent of the boys and 11 per cent of the girls were sniffers. According to the results of the investigation the pupils who sniffed were more inclined to take up smoking or drugs than those who did not sniff (p < 0.005). Among the boys who sniffed only 14.7 per cent were non-smokers. The percentage of non-smokers among the girls was 15.2

Noise as a risk factor of arterial hypertension in seame

Između pomoraca službe stroja (n = 80), izloženih višim nivoima ukupne buke na brodu (103 ± 4,6 dBA), i ostalih pomoraca (n = 119), izloženih nižim nivoima buke (63 ± 4,6 dBA), x2-testom nije utvrđena razlika u učestalosti arterijske hipertenzije. Razlika nije dokazana niti između pomoraca službe stroja i kontrolne skupine (n = 108), manje izložene buci na radnom mjestu (64 - 72 dBA). U pomoraca na službi izvan stroja bilo je više hipertoničara nego u kontrolnoj skupini. T-testom nije utvrđena razlika u visini sistoličkog odnosno dijastoličkog krvnog tlaka između dviju skupina pomoraca. U objema skupinama pomoraca krvni tlakovi su bili viši nego u kontrolnoj skupini. U uzorku pomoraca izloženih nižim nivoima buke i u subpopulacijama obiju skupina pomoraca bilo je više hipertoničara u osoba s oštećenim sluhom nego u onih s normalnim sluhom. Od osobina koje se dovode u vezu s arterijskom hipertenzijom, a koje su većinom činioci rizika ateroskleroze (životna dob, radni staž, indeks tjelesne mase, postotak tjelesne masti, koncentracija kolesterola, triglicerida i glukoze u krvi, potrošnja cigareta i alkohola, indeks psihičke napetosti i vrijeme oporavka u Lorenzovu testu), jedino je indeks tjelesne mase mogao utjecati na izražene razlike u krvnom tlaku između pomoraca i kontrolne skupine. Stupanj oštećenja sluha u objema skupinama pomoraca korelirao je sa sistoličkim tlakom, a u pomoraca službe stroja i s dijastoličkim. Iz rezultata ovog istraživanja ne može se izvesti jasan zaključak o povezanosti buke i arterijske hipertenzije u pomoraca iako neki pokazatelji govore u prilog tome.Analysis of the prevalence of arterial hypertension among seamen using the chi-square test did not show a difference between the engine-room personnel (n = 80) exposed to elevated total ship noise levels (103 ± 4.6 dB) and the rest of the crew (n = 119) exposed to lower noise levels (63 ± 4.6 dB), or between the engine-room personnel and the control group (n = 108) exposed to lower levels of occupational noise (64 - 72 dB). The number of persons with hypertension was higher among the rest of the crew than among the controls. According to Student\u27s t-test there was no difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure levels between the two groups of seamen. In both these groups blood pressures were higher than in the control group. Among the seamen not working in the engine-rooms and in the subpopulations of both groups of seamen the number of hypertensive persons was greater among those with a noise-induced hearing loss than among those without it. Of the features which could be connected with arterial hypertension and are known to be risk factors of atherosclerosis (age, length of service, body mass index, body fat percentage, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, cigarette and alcohol consumption, psychic tension index and recovery time in Lorenz test), only the body mass index could have caused the marked differences in blood pressures between seamen and the controls. The degree of hearing loss correlated with systolic blood pressure in both groups of seamen as well as with diastolic blood pressure in the engine-room personnel. The results of the study do not allow to draw a clear conclusion regarding correlation between ship noise and arterial hypertension, although some indicators point to a certain effect of noise on blood pressure

Some Anthropometric Characteristics, Reactions on Physical Stress, and Blood Pressure in Males Aged 18 in »Primorsko- Goranska« County, Croatia

The paper presents the distribution and average values of some anthropometric characteristics in 1,210 males aged 18 in »Primorsko-Goranska« County, as well as some manifestations of physical fitness parameters and some correlations between these two groups of characteristics. The prevalence of hypertensive and limit values for systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 8.6% and for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 2.1%. Body weight and body mass index were in a significantly positive correlation with SBP and DBP. Body mass index showed a significantly positive correlation with heart rate after step test. Therefore, it can be concluded that overweight reduces tolerance on workload