QUANTITATIVE MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF DISPERSION STRENGTHENED Al-Al 4 C 3 MATERIAL BY EBSD TECHNIQUE

Abstract The main aim of the present work was described quantitative analysis of microstructure of by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique of dispersion strengthened Al-Al 4 C 3 material. It is a technique by which SEM can be used to evaluate the microstructure by crystallographic analysis based on the acquisition of diffraction patterns from bulk samples. Mechanical properties of dispersion strengthened materials depend on microstructural and substructural parameters, their changes at elevated temperatures and also on grain and subgrain matrix structures. From this point of view the most important microstructural parameters of matrix are size, shape, and misorientation of grains and subgrains and their annealing behaviour. Realized microstructure analyses of Al-Al 4 C 3 material were evaluated from two experimental specimens annealed at different temperatures and times. Obtained microstructures were evaluated and compared. Annealing process has influenced the grain size, shape and orientation of experimental material. Grains size and angle grain boundaries were evaluated from acquired crystal orientation maps

A Physical Approach for Stochastic Modeling of TERO-based TRNG

International audienceSecurity in random number generation for cryptography is closely related to the entropy rate at the generator output. This rate has to be evaluated using an appropriate stochastic model. The stochastic model proposed in this paper is dedicated to the transition effect ring oscillator (TERO) based true random number generator (TRNG) proposed by Varchola and Drutarovsky in 2010. The advantage and originality of this model is that it is derived from a physical model based on a detailed study and on the precise electrical description of the noisy physical phenomena that contribute to the generation of random numbers. We compare the proposed electrical description with data generated in a 28 nm CMOS ASIC implementation. Our experimental results are in very good agreement with those obtained with both the physical model of TERO's noisy behavior and with the stochastic model of the TERO TRNG, which we also confirmed using the AIS 31 test suites

Side-Channel Analysis of the TERO PUF

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have the potential to provide a higher level of security for key storage than traditional Non-Volatile Memory (NVM). However, the susceptibility of the PUF primitives to non-invasive Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) is largely unexplored. While resistance to SCA was indicated for the Transient Effect Ring Oscillator (TERO) PUF, it was not backed by an actual assessment. To investigate the physical security of the TERO PUF, we first discuss and study the conceptual behavior of the PUF primitive to identify possible weaknesses. We support our claims by conducting an EM-analysis of a TERO design on an FPGA. When measuring TERO cells with an oscilloscope in the time domain, a Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) based approach allows to extract the relevant information in the frequency domain. By applying this method we significantly reduce the entropy of the PUF. Our analysis shows the vulnerability of not only the originally suggested TERO PUF implementation but also the impact on TERO designs in general. We discuss enhancements of the design that potentially prevent the TERO PUF from exposing the secret and point out that regarding security the TERO PUF is similar to the more area-efficient Ring Oscillator PUF

Embedded Platform for Automatic Testing and Optimizing of FPGA Based Cryptographic True Random Number Generators

This paper deals with an evaluation platform for cryptographic True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) based on the hardware implementation of statistical tests for FPGAs. It was developed in order to provide an automatic tool that helps to speed up the TRNG design process and can provide new insights on the TRNG behavior as it will be shown on a particular example in the paper. It enables to test sufficient statistical properties of various TRNG designs under various working conditions on the fly. Moreover, the tests are suitable to be embedded into cryptographic hardware products in order to recognize TRNG output of weak quality and thus increase its robustness and reliability. Tests are fully compatible with the FIPS 140 standard and are implemented by the VHDL language as an IP-Core for vendor independent FPGAs. A recent Flash based Actel Fusion FPGA was chosen for preliminary experiments. The Actel version of the tests possesses an interface to the Actel’s CoreMP7 softcore processor that is fully compatible with the industry standard ARM7TDMI. Moreover, identical tests suite was implemented to the Xilinx Virtex 2 and 5 in order to compare the performance of the proposed solution with the performance of already published one based on the same FPGAs. It was achieved 25% and 65% greater clock frequency respectively while consuming almost equal resources of the Xilinx FPGAs. On the top of it, the proposed FIPS 140 architecture is capable of processing one random bit per one clock cycle which results in 311.5 Mbps throughput for Virtex 5 FPGA

Five Years of Work of Michal Baludansky Academic Society

The article covers the work of Academic Society of Michal Baludansky since its foundation day and up till now. The author reveals main directions of the society’s collaboration with universities in different countries bearing a direct relationship to the life and activities of a famous scientist and teacher Michal BaludanskyВ статье предлагается обзор основных направлений и результатов деятельности Академического общества Михаила Балудянского от его образования до настоящего времени. Охарактеризованы основные области сотрудничества общества с университетами разных стран, имеющими непосредственное отношение к жизни и деятельности знаменитого ученого и педагога Михаила Балудянског

Embedded Evaluation of Randomness in Oscillator Based Elementary TRNG

International audienceJittery clock signals produced in oscillators, particularly in ring oscillators are commonly used as a source of randomness in true random number generators (TRNG). The robustness of the generators, and hence their security, is closely linked to the entropy of the generated bit stream, which depends on the size of the jitter. Known jitter size can be used as an input parameter in a stochastic model for the estimation of entropy. Good entropy management can guarantee the security of the generator. We propose a simple precise method for measuring jitter that can be easily embedded in logic devices. It can be used to calibrate an oscillator based TRNG and/or for assessment of the entropy rate while the TRNG is in operation. The method was thoroughly evaluated in simulations and hardware tests and we show that despite its simplicity and small area requirements, it enables the jitter to be measured with an error of less than 5 %

Technology Parks as Means of Regional Differences Removal according to European Union Recommendations

The article presents the trends in the economic development of technology park in the Kehnets village, Slovakia. The data on the place of Slovakia regions among the other countries of the European Union in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The need for special measures to eliminate the regional differences unfavorable for economics is stated. It is noted that for this purpose in Slovakia special attention is paid to the construction of technology parks. It is shown that the technology park in Kehnets is one of the most well-prepared technology parks for investors welcome. This is facilitated by a number of specially developed and implemented measures. It is reported that since its opening the technology park was invested by over than 600 million Euros. It is emphasized that a highly skilled workforce, as well as the effective use of its advantageous location of the technology park (near the airport, major steel plant, railway junction, 13 countries market access and so on) are important. Nineteen companies that implement commercial projects in Kehnets technology park are listed. It is argued that the work of the technology park has a positive effect on the development of Kehnets: population increase, unemployment reducing, development of social and productive infrastructureВ статье представлено описание направлений экономического развития технопарка при селе Кехнец в Словакии. Приводятся данные о месте регионов Словакии среди других стран Евросоюза по показателю валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП) на душу населения. Утверждается необходимость принятия специальных мер для устранения неблагоприятных для экономики региональных различий. Отмечается, что с этой целью в Словакии повышенное внимание уделяется строительству технопарков. Показано, что технопарк в селе Кехнец - один из наиболее хорошо подготовленных технопарков для приема инвесторов. Этому способствует ряд специально разработанных и реализованных мероприятий. Сообщается, что со времени открытия в технопарк инвестировано свыше 600 миллионов евро. Подчеркивается, что важно наличие высококвалифицированной рабочей силы, а также эффективное использование выгодного местоположения технопарка - близости аэропорта, крупного металлургического предприятия, железнодорожного узла, доступности рынков 13-ти стран и т. д. Перечислены 19 предприятий, реализующих коммерческие проекты в технопарке Кехнец. Утверждается, что работа технопарка оказывает положительное влияние на развитие села Кехнец: увеличение народонаселения, снижение уровня безработицы, развитие социальной и производственной инфраструктур