Asymptotic analysis of MMPP/M/1 retrial queueing system with unreliable server

In this paper, we study a single-server retrial queueing system with arrival Markov Modulated Poisson Process and an exponential law of the service time on an unreliable server. If the server is idle, an arrival customer occupies it for the servicing. When the server is busy, a customer goes into the orbit and waits a random time distributed exponentially. It is assumed that the server is unreliable, so it may fail. The server’s repairing and working times are exponentially distributed. The method of asymptotic analysis is proposed to find the stationary distribution of the number of customers in the orbit. It is shown that the asymptotic probability distribution under the condition of a long delay has the Gaussian form with obtained parameters

Stem-technologies: mathematics and informatics

Algorithms solutions of tasks in the field of the theory of numbers within implementation of the STEM project are proposed and realized. Calculations in a package of computer algebra on an open code in the environment of Linux DebianПредложены и реализованы алгоритмы решения задач в области теории чисел в рамках реализации проекта STEM. Вычисления в пакете компьютерной алгебры на открытом коде в среде Linux Debia

Experimental (computing) theory of numbers

Carrying out numerical experiments with Euler's function. Specification of the theorem of Mertens. Calculations in a package of computer algebra on an open code in the environment of Linux DebianПроведение численных экспериментов с функцией Эйлера. Уточнение теоремы Мертенса. Вычисления в пакете компьютерной алгебры на открытом коде в среде Linux Debia

Plagiarism and “self-plagiarism” in scientific works in the age of digital technologies

As well as streamlining academic research activities, contemporary technologies provide opportunities to infringe on the intellectual property of others through plagiarism. However, plagiarism has yet to be adequately dealt with in national legislations, which either do not contain any provision in this connection or fail to adequately define the relevant terms. Moreover, there continues to be much discussion as to what plagiarism is, as well as how and in what cases it should be punishable. The situation is further complicated by the various approaches to plagiarism and the lack of consensus on whether so-called “self-plagiarism” should be treated separately from the intentional infringement of other people’s intellectual property or be deemed as a form of plagiarism. With the aim of clarifying these questions, the authors of the present paper compare different approaches taken to the problem of plagiarism and consider some contemporary approaches to plagiarism detection

ПРЕДПРОВЕРОЧНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ ВЫЕЗДНОЙ НАЛОГОВОЙ ПРОВЕРКИ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ УИС И ЕГО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ

Today, on-site tax inspection remains the most effective form of tax inspection. It is conducted to determine the correctness of calculation and timeliness of payment of taxes and fees, as well as other mandatory payments to the country’s budget. Since the creation of the tax service, inspections have been conducted at organizations executing different types of activities (production, wholesale and retail trade, construction, services, etc.), so each inspection has its own special features. The pre-inspection analysis is the preparatory stage of the on-site tax audit and it is aimed at improving the efficiency of taxpayers selection process, optimizing methods as well as ensuring the effectiveness of the audit. An analysis of the financial and economic activities of a taxpayer is a kind of tax control that is implemented prior to making a decision to conduct an on-site tax audit. It directly determines the inclusion of the taxpayer in the plan for on-site tax inspections. Despite the fact that tax authorities have been working in this area since 2007 when the concept of planning on-site tax audits has been approved, the pre-audit analysis as a form of audit is not included nor regulated by any legislative act. In this regard, many questions arise in terms of both organization and recognition of its results by the arbitration courts. Many questions also arise from taxpayers trying to assess on their own the risk of on-site tax inspections. Over recent decades, the Russian Penitentiary system has been undergoing a second major reform which affects practically all areas of its activities including taxation of its institutions. Like all taxpayers, institutions within the Federal Penitentiary system are subject to tax control, but at the same time, they are significantly different from other entities in terms of their economic activities. This fact makes it necessary to adjust the results of the pre-inspection analysis in order to improve its effectiveness at these institutions.Выездная налоговая проверка на сегодняшний день остается самой эффективной формой налогового контроля. Она проводится с целью определения правильности исчисления и своевременности уплаты налогов и сборов, а также иных обязательных платежей в бюджет страны. С момента образования налоговой службы проверки проводились в отношении абсолютно всех организаций, ведущих различные виды деятельности (производство, оптовая и розничная торговля, строительство, услуги и т. д.), поэтому каждая проверка характеризуется своей уникальностью. Предпроверочный анализ является подготовительным этапом проведения выездной налоговой проверки с целью повышения эффективности отбора налогоплательщиков, выбора методов и обеспечения результативности. Анализ финансово-хозяйственной деятельности налогоплательщика - это мероприятие налогового контроля, которое реализуется до вынесения решения о проведении выездной налоговой проверки. Именно от него напрямую зависит включение налогоплательщика в план выездных налоговых проверок. Несмотря на то что работа в данной области налоговыми органами проводится еще с 2007 г., когда утверждена Концепция системы планирования выездных налоговых проверок, в Налоговом кодексе Российской Федерации такая форма налогового контроля, как предпроверочный анализ не прописана и не регламентирована ни одним подзаконным актом. В этой связи возникает множество вопросов как в части ее организации, так и признания ее результатов, в том числе со стороны арбитражных судов. Также много вопросов возникает и у налогоплательщиков при самостоятельной оценке риска выездных налоговых проверок. В последние десятилетия уголовно-исполнительная система России (далее - УИС) переживает вторую крупную реформу, затрагивающую практически все сферы ее деятельности, которая, помимо прочего, коснулась и порядка налогообложения ее подразделений. Как и все налогоплательщики, подразделения УИС подвергаются налоговому контролю, вместе с тем они имеют существенные отличия от прочих субъектов в части ведения хозяйственной деятельности, что вызывает необходимость корректировки результатов предпроверочного анализа с целью повышения эффективности его проведения в отношении указанных учреждений

PARTICIPATION OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E IN TRANSFER AND ABSORPTION OF FATTY ACIDS BY THE CELLS And CAUSING OF HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA

ApoE vector protein in association with apoB-100 directly transferring saturated and monounsaturated FA (SFA and MFA) in triglyceride form (composed of very low density lipoproteins (L)) to the cells which are assimilating FA by cooperative receptors of apoE. Only insulin dependent cells have apoe/B-l00 receptors on the cell membrane (skeletal myocytes, cardiac myocytes, periportal hepatocytes, adipocytes of subcutaneous fat and Kupffer's macrophages). Phylogenetically late apoE has a domain for protein-protein interaction unlike the other apos. Apo forms cooperative ligands: apoE/A-l, apoE/B-48 and apoE/B-100 while using this domain. At later stages of phylogenesis while apoE forms cooperative ligands it is also involved in cell transfer and absorption of polyunsatured essential fatty acids in high density L, SFA +MFA +unsatured FA in chylomicrons, SFA+MFA in very low density L. Phenotype E 33 appears to be regular. Phenotypes E2/2 and E4/4 are cause of hypertriglyceridemia of I and V types, which call destructive inflammation of arterial intima with atherothrombosis

Prevalence and Severity of Breast Arterial Calcification on Routine Mammography

Aim. To determine the frequency of detection and severity of breast arterial calcification (BAC) among women undergoing mammography on the basis of medical institutions in Moscow.Material and methods. The analysis included 4274 digital mammograms of women aged 40-93 who underwent preventive or diagnostic mammography. Standard full-format digital mammograms were performed in craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections. In addition to the standard diagnosis of breast disease, all mammograms were evaluated for the presence of BAC. The severity of BAC was assessed on a 12-point scale: mild 3-4 points, moderate 5-6 points, severe 7-12 points.Results. The average frequency of BAC was 10.1%, in the middle age group 50-59 years – 6.0%. The incidence of BAC increased with age, from 0.4% to 0.6% in women <50 years of age to >50% in women ≥80 years of age. A statistically significant and pronounced correlation was found between the woman's age and the presence of BAC r Pearson =0.769 (p<0.001). There was also a less noticeable but statistically significant correlation between age and severity of BAC r Spearman =0.319 (p<0.001). Regression analysis made it possible to estimate the probability of CAD depending on age. In women <50 years of age, only mild to moderate calcification occurred, while those ≥65 years of age had a significant increase in the incidence of severe CAD.Conclusion. There was an expected increase with age in both prevalence and severity of BAC. Cases of severe BAC in women younger than 65 years of age and any BAC in women younger than 50 years of age are atypical and require clarification of their association with cardiovascular and other diseases

Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review

Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only English-language studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both healthy individuals and athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardisation and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry