De nuevo, sobre la subrogación por pago del hipotecante por deuda ajena: comentario a la Sentencia del TS de 30 diciembre 2015

SENTENCIA: INCONGRUENCIA: inexistencia: cambio de punto de vista jurídico sin merma del derecho de defensa: Sentencia que estima a favor del hipotecante no deudor la acción subrogatoria tras la realización forzosa de la finca hipotecada cuando en la demanda se ejercita la acción subrogatoria ex art. 1838 CCiv.SENTENCE: INCONGRUITY: nonex-istence: changing legal point of view without compromising the right of defense: Judgment that estimates for the mortgagee no debtor subrogation action following the forced reali-zation of the mortgaged property when demand subrogation action is brought exart.1838 CCiv

Avaliação de cultivares de sorgo granífero, na safrinha 2014, em Vilhena, RO.

A cultura do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) tem interesse crescente em Rondônia pelo seu potencial produtivo, tolerância a estresse hídrico, maior e melhor uso de máquinas e equipamentos já existentes, época de semeio após a colheita da soja e possibilidade de ser cultivado em plantio direto. A busca pelo grão tem aumentado, principalmente para alimentar o rebanho bovino de corte na entressafra, justamente no período em que as pastagens estão menos disponíveis e o preço de venda dos bovinos é maior. Entretanto, por não ser o cultivo do sorgo tradicional no estado, faltam informações básicas para sua produção. Foram avaliadas cultivares de sorgo granífero na safrinha 2014, semeadas no campo experimental da Embrapa Rondônia em Vilhena, após a colheita da soja. O ensaio era composto de 25 cultivares, em látice 5 x 5 m, com três repetições; as parcelas eram de 2 linhas de 5 m, espaçadas em 0,48 m, totalizando 4,8 m2 . A densidade de semeadura foi de 9,6 sementes por metro linear. A semeadura foi realizada em 14/03/14, com adubação de 330 kg.ha-1 da formulação 05-25-15. Após 21 dias da semeadura, foi realizada adubação de cobertura com 100 kg.ha-1 de sulfato de amônio. Foram avaliadas produção de grão e de panícula, a altura de plantas, o número de dias para florescimento e emborrachamento, acamamento, reação à antracnose, e estande final. A produtividade média de grãos foi 2.965 kg.ha-1 (de 1.031 a 5.238 kg.ha-1 ), a de panícula foi 5.141 kg.ha-1 (de 2.229 kg.ha-1 a 8.729 kg.ha-1 ), o número médio de dias para o florescimento e emborrachamento foi 59 dias (de 49 a 69 dias) e 54 dias (de 45 a 59 dias), respectivamente. A altura de plantas foi 1,5 m (1,2 m a 1,8 m). A média da população inicial de plantas por hectare foi de 203.305 e a média do stand final foi de 195.166,6 plantas por hectare e a média da incidência de doença foi de 3,4 (de 1 a 5), e a média de plantas acamadas foi 7,9% (variando de 0% a 80%). Neste ensaio foi mensurada a variação nas características agronômicas avaliadas, e os resultados obtidos vão possibilitar selecionar as cultivares com maior adaptação e potencial para o cultivo sustentável e economicamente viável para produção de alimento no Estado de Rondônia

Fe and N self-diffusion in amorphous FeN: A SIMS and neutron reflectivity study

Simultaneous measurement of self-diffusion of iron and nitrogen in amorphous iron nitride (Fe86N14) using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) technique has been done. In addition neutron reflectivity (NR) technique was employed to study the Fe diffusion in the same compound. The broadening of a tracer layer of 57Fe8615N14 sandwiched between Fe86N14 layers was observed after isothermal vacuum annealing of the films at different temperatures in SIMS measurements. And a decay of the Bragg peak intensity after isothermal annealing was observed in [Fe86N14/57Fe86N14]10 multilayers in NR. Strong structural relaxation of diffusion coefficient was observed below the crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase in both measurements. It was observed from the SIMS measurements that Fe diffusion was about 2 orders of magnitude smaller compared to nitrogen at a given temperature. The NR measurements reveal that the mechanism of Fe self-diffusion is very similar to that in metal-metal type metallic glasses. The structural relaxation time for Fe and N diffusion was found comparable indicating that the obtained relaxation time essentially pertain to the structural relaxation of the amorphous phase.Comment: 10 pages 12 figure

Replication Pauses of the Wild-Type and Mutant Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Gamma: A Simulation Study

The activity of polymerase γ is complicated, involving both correct and incorrect DNA polymerization events, exonuclease activity, and the disassociation of the polymerase:DNA complex. Pausing of pol-γ might increase the chance of deletion and depletion of mitochondrial DNA. We have developed a stochastic simulation of pol-γ that models its activities on the level of individual nucleotides for the replication of mtDNA. This method gives us insights into the pausing of two pol-γ variants: the A467T substitution that causes PEO and Alpers syndrome, and the exonuclease deficient pol-γ (exo−) in premature aging mouse models. To measure the pausing, we analyzed simulation results for the longest time for the polymerase to move forward one nucleotide along the DNA strand. Our model of the exo− polymerase had extremely long pauses, with a 30 to 300-fold increase in the time required for the longest single forward step compared to the wild-type, while the naturally occurring A467T variant showed at most a doubling in the length of the pauses compared to the wild-type. We identified the cause of these differences in the polymerase pausing time to be the number of disassociations occurring in each forward step of the polymerase

Zrównoważona konsumpcja żywności na obszarach wiejskich i miejskich w Polsce

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja zmian konsumpcji żywności w wiejskich i miejskich gospodarstwach domowych w Polsce pod względem zrównoważenia konsumpcji, a także ocena, czy zmiany konsumpcji żywności zdążają w bardziej zrównoważonym kierunku. Zrównoważona konsumpcja jest elementem zrównoważonego rozwoju, odpowiadającym za realizację podstawowych potrzeb ludzkich, bez odbierania możliwości ich zaspokojenia przez przyszłe pokolenia. Bardziej zrównoważona konsumpcja żywności jest postrzegana, jako ograniczanie konsumpcji, ograniczanie spożycia wysoko przetworzonej żywności oraz przesunięcie wzorca spożycia żywności w kierunku opartego w mniejszym stopniu na produktach zwierzęcych, a większym na roślinnych. Wykorzystano głównie dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, dotyczące spożycia mięsa, owoców oraz warzyw. Wykorzystano również dane dotyczące marnowania żywności. Z badań wynika, że wzorzec spożycia żywności w wiejskich gospodarstwach domowych jest mniej zrównoważony niż w gospodarstwach miejskich. W gospodarstwach domowych znajdujących się na terenach wiejskich konsumuje się więcej mięsa, a mniej owoców i warzyw niż w miejskich gospodarstwach domowych. Można też stwierdzić, że następuje przesuwanie wzorca konsumpcji żywności w Polsce w kierunku mniej zrównoważonego

Changes and structure of loans made to individual farmers

Przedstawiono tendencje zmian wartości oraz strukturę kredytów i pożyczek dla rolników indywidualnych w Polsce w okresie 2003-2011. Zaciąganie długu, szczególnie na inwestycje, ma na celu zwiększenie przychodów rolnika w przyszłości. W strukturze kredytów i innych należności od rolników indywidualnych dominowały kredyty na inwestycje, ich udział wyniósł ponad 50%. Również znaczący był udział kredytów i pożyczek o charakterze bieżącym (do 30%). Kredyty preferencyjne stanowią około 80% kredytów dla rolników. W strukturze kredytów i innych należności od rolników indywidualnych dominują kredyty o pierwotnym terminie zapadalności powyżej 5 lat. W okresie 2003-2011 wartość kredytów i pozostałych należności od rolników indywidualnych wzrosła o 136%.The article presents changes and structure of loans granted individual farmers in Poland in the span of 2003- 2011. Incurring a debt, particularly on investment, aims at increasing farmer’s revenues in future. The structure of loans and other claims was dominated by investment loans, with the share of over 50%. The share of loans in current account was also substantial (up to 30%). Subsidised loans account for about 80% of loans to farmers. The structure of loans and other claims, in terms of their original maturity period, was dominated by loans with maturity later than 5 years. In the span of 2003-2011, the value of loans and other claims on farmers increased by 136%

Zrównoważona konsumpcja wiejskich i miejskich gospodarstw domowych w Polsce

Sustainable consumption is the consumption of goods and services satisfying fundamental needs, increasing life quality, reducing resource use, degradation and pollution along the whole lifecycle of product or service. The aim of the study is to examine whether the consumption of urban households is more sustainable compared to rural ones and to identify directions of changes in this regard. The analysis was realised on the basis of Household Budget Survey conducted by the Central Statistical Office of Poland (CSO) in the span of 2006–2015. The results show that urban and rural households in Poland shift their consumption patterns towards less sustainable as well as urban households’ consumption pattern in some areas is less sustainable that urban ones.</jats:p

Propensity to consume and the wealth level in the countries of the European Union

Celem opracowania jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy występuje jakakolwiek korelacja pomiędzy krańcową skłonnością do konsumpcji a poziomem bogactwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie rocznych danych Eurostat. Oszacowanie skłonności do konsumpcji w krajach UE w latach 19952009. Stwierdzono istotną ststystycznie ujemną korelację pomiędzy bogactwem a skłonnością do konsumpcji. Najniższa skłonność do komsumpcji wystapiła w Niemczech, Danii oraz Holandii.The paper presents estimation of marginal propensity to consume in the countries of the European Union in the period of1995-2009. It also aims at answering the question if there is any correlation between marginal propensity to consume and the wealth level of the European Union countries. The lowest level of marginal propensity to consume based on the consumption function of Keynes was in Germany (0,42), while the highest was in Greece and Portugal (above 1).There is statistically significant correlation between marginal propensity to consume and the wealth level of the countries of the European Union (correlation coefficient -0,51). The propensity to consume decreases with an increase of the gross domestic product per capita in the purchase power standards