Save consumption of electric coil by water treatment

By survey we mostly used electric energy in daily life. In domestic purpose hot water are used for various applications. Various coils are used for heating purpose to save electric energy up to literature survey coil design made by various author but in this experiment water properties will change and studied about water properties after treatment. There are various method which are used for to change property of water like in this experiment we concentrate on pH of water. Ph of water changes by natural resources and observe what effect on water heat property by changing property of water. There will be getting best method to reduce electric energy so whenever coil or electric furnace boiler used there will be water treated process will conduct. There is hypothesis is if change in pH of water due to that electricity required to heat water is also vary. In Soudhi Arabian countries they are studied in water property because mostly there are available sea water which pH is large so when usenbsp is water for that that steam generation that time required fuel is large if compare with when pH is less Because impurities added in water

1-Benzoyl-3-phenylthiocarbamide as a Reagent for Extraction & Photometric Determination of Ruthenium, Osmium & Iridium

937-93

Extraction & Spectrophotometric Determination of Rhodium & Iridium with 1-Phenyl-3-thiobenzoyl Thiocarbamide

1113-111

The Bracka two-stage repair for severe proximal hypospadias: A single center experience

Background: Surgical correction of severe proximal hypospadias represents a significant surgical challenge and single-stage corrections are often associated with complications and reoperations. Bracka two-stage repair is an attractive alternative surgical procedure with superior, reliable, and reproducible results. Purpose: To study the feasibility and applicability of Bracka two-stage repair for the severe proximal hypospadias and to analyze the outcomes and complications of this surgical technique. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2013. Bracka two-stage repair was performed using inner preputial skin as a free graft in subjects with proximal hypospadias in whom severe degree of chordee and/or poor urethral plate was present. Only primary cases were included in this study. All subjects received three doses of intra-muscular testosterone 3 weeks apart before first stage. Second stage was performed 6 months after the first stage. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 24 months. Results: A total of 43 patients operated for Bracka repair, out of which 30 patients completed two-stage repair. Mean age of the patients was 4 years and 8 months. We achieved 100% graft uptake and no revision was required. Three patients developed fistula, while two had metal stenosis. Glans dehiscence, urethral stricture and the residual chordee were not found during follow-up and satisfactory cosmetic results with good urinary stream were achieved in all cases. Conclusion: The Bracka two-stage repair is a safe and reliable approach in select patients in whom it is impractical to maintain the axial integrity of the urethral plate, and, therefore, a full circumference urethral reconstruction become necessary. This gives good results both in terms of restoration of normal function with minimal complication

Restriction spectrum imaging reveals decreased neurite density in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

ObjectiveDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become a popular tool for delineating the location and extent of white matter injury in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, DTI yields nonspecific measures that are confounded by changes occurring within both the intracellular and extracellular environments. This study investigated whether an advanced diffusion method, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) could provide a more robust measure of white matter injury in TLE relative to DTI due to RSI's ability to separate intraaxonal diffusion (i.e., neurite density; ND) from diffusion associated with extraaxonal factors (e.g., inflammation; crossing fibers).MethodsRSI and DTI scans were obtained on 21 patients with TLE and 11 age-matched controls. RSI-derived maps of ND, isotropic-hindered (IH) and isotropic-free (IF) water, and crossing fibers (CFs) were compared to DTI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. Voxelwise and tract-based analyses were performed comparing patients with TLE to controls on each diffusion metric.ResultsReductions in FA were seen primarily in frontotemporal white matter in TLE, and they were most pronounced proximal to the seizure focus. Reductions in ND corresponded to those seen in the FA maps; however, ND reductions were greater in magnitude, more lateralized to the epileptogenic hemisphere, and showed a broader pattern. Increases in IF/IH and effects from CFs also contributed to reduced FA in the ipsilateral parahippocampal cingulum and fornix, with decreases in IH extending into extratemporal regions. Reduced ND of the uncinate fasciculus was associated with longer disease duration, whereas FA was not associated with any clinical variables.SignificanceRSI may provide a more specific measure of white matter pathology in TLE, distinguishing regions primarily affected by axonal/myelin loss from those where CFs and increases in extracellular water also play a role. By providing a more specific measure of axonal/myelin loss, RSI-derived ND may better reflect overall white matter burden in epilepsy

Restriction spectrum imaging reveals decreased neurite density in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

ObjectiveDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has become a popular tool for delineating the location and extent of white matter injury in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, DTI yields nonspecific measures that are confounded by changes occurring within both the intracellular and extracellular environments. This study investigated whether an advanced diffusion method, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) could provide a more robust measure of white matter injury in TLE relative to DTI due to RSI's ability to separate intraaxonal diffusion (i.e., neurite density; ND) from diffusion associated with extraaxonal factors (e.g., inflammation; crossing fibers).MethodsRSI and DTI scans were obtained on 21 patients with TLE and 11 age-matched controls. RSI-derived maps of ND, isotropic-hindered (IH) and isotropic-free (IF) water, and crossing fibers (CFs) were compared to DTI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) maps. Voxelwise and tract-based analyses were performed comparing patients with TLE to controls on each diffusion metric.ResultsReductions in FA were seen primarily in frontotemporal white matter in TLE, and they were most pronounced proximal to the seizure focus. Reductions in ND corresponded to those seen in the FA maps; however, ND reductions were greater in magnitude, more lateralized to the epileptogenic hemisphere, and showed a broader pattern. Increases in IF/IH and effects from CFs also contributed to reduced FA in the ipsilateral parahippocampal cingulum and fornix, with decreases in IH extending into extratemporal regions. Reduced ND of the uncinate fasciculus was associated with longer disease duration, whereas FA was not associated with any clinical variables.SignificanceRSI may provide a more specific measure of white matter pathology in TLE, distinguishing regions primarily affected by axonal/myelin loss from those where CFs and increases in extracellular water also play a role. By providing a more specific measure of axonal/myelin loss, RSI-derived ND may better reflect overall white matter burden in epilepsy

Beyond depression: The impact of executive functioning on quality of life in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

ObjectiveIndividuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often experience diminished quality of life (QoL). Although comorbid depression is one of the most recognized predictors of poor QoL in TLE, impairments in verbal memory (VM) and executive functioning (EF), have also been identified as risk factors, independent of other biological and psychosocial factors. In this study, we examine the contribution of depression, VM, and EF to QoL in 52 well-characterized medically-refractory TLE patients.MethodsQuality of life was assessed with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-31) questionnaire and depression symptomatology was evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Tests of VM included the California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition, Logical Memory and Verbal Paired Associates subtests. Tests of EF included the D-KEFS Category Switching and Color Word Interference Tests, and the Trail Making Test. Using these measures, a principal component (PC) was derived for VM and for EF. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the unique contributions of BDI-II Score, VM PC, and EF PC to the QOLIE-31 Total Score, while controlling for important clinical and demographic variables. Post-hoc analyses were also performed to examine the contribution of each variable to specific QOLIE subscales.ResultsOf the clinical variables, only number of antiepileptic drugs contributed to QOLIE scores. As expected, severity of depressive symptoms was the most significant predictor of QOLIE Total Score, explaining 43.4% of the variance in total QoL. The VM PC did not contribute to the QOLIE Total Score. Rather, our EF PC emerged as an important predictor of QoL, explaining an additional 5% of the variance, after controlling for clinical variables, depression severity, and VM performance.SignificanceThese findings suggest that a combination of clinical, affective, and cognitive factors influence QoL in patients with TLE. Designing interventions with careful attention to depression and EF may be needed to optimize QoL in patients with refractory TLE and potentially other epilepsy syndromes