44 research outputs found
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez L.
- Abdeen Z. A.
- Abdrakhmanova S.
- Abdul Rahim H. F.
- Abdurrahmonova Z.
- Abril G. L.
- Abu-Rmeileh N. M.
- Acosta-Cazares B.
- Adam I.
- Adamczyk M.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified
Alterações ultrassonográficas renais e vesicais de ovinos confinados e suplementados com cloreto de amônio
- Author
- Adriano Dias
- Alexandra F. Belotta
- Andreza A. da Silva
- Antonelli A.C.
- Araújo P.B.
- Bianca P. Santarosa
- Braun J.P.
- Braun U.
- Braun U.
- Cartee R.E.
- Danilo O.L. Ferreira
- Dória R.G.S.
- El-Kammar M.H.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Floeck M.
- Floeck M.
- Freitas R.M.C.
- Guimarães J.A.
- Kaneko J.J.
- Kozloski G.V.
- Lima A.G.
- Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- Mavangira V.
- Néspoli P.B.
- Palmer J.L.
- Prado O.R.
- Reef V.B.
- Riet-Correa F.
- Roberto C. Gonçalves
- Scott P.
- Scott P.
- Scott P. R.
- Scott P.R.
- Silva V.C.
- Simone B. Chiacchio
- Stratton-Phelps M.
- Streeter R.N.
- Sun W.-D.
- Widmer W.R.
- Zundt M.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana Azevedo
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Barradas-Pires
- Ana Carolina Mgn de Sá
- Ana D González-Alvarez
- Ana Henriques
- Ana I Rito
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana P Ortiz
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anastasia Markaki
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre L Guimaraes
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea Gualtieri
- Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
- Andrea Rvr Horimoto
- Andrea Schneider
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andrea Zentai
- Andreas Stang
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Reynolds
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Andrzej Pająk
- Andrzej Więcek
- Anelise Reis Gaya
- Aneta Grajda
- Aneta Weres
- Anette Varbo
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Angela Chetrit
- Angela Döring
- Angela Spinelli
- Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
- Angelique Chan
- Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés
- Anie Marcil
- Anil Poudyal
- Anja L Madsen
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Anna Bugge
- Anna Fijalkowska
- Anna Jansson
- Anna V Alieva
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne A Bjerregaard
- Anne Chinnock
- Anne Juolevi
- Anne Taylor
- Anne Tjonneland
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annette J Dobson
- Annette Peters
- Annika Rosengren
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonia Trichopoulou
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonio M Silva
- Antonio Mistretta
- Antonio Pedro Graça
- Antonio Prista
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
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- Rod T Jackson
- Rodica Nicolescu
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- San-Lin You
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- Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri
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- Shahla AlDhukair
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- Silje Steinsbekk
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- Silvia Bel-Serrat
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- Simo Pone Larissa
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- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slavica Sovic
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia K Malyutina
- Soheir H Ahmed
- Sok King Ong
- Solie Puhakka
- Son Thai Pham
- Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Sonya V Galcheva
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- Sophia J Kiechl
- Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
- Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Srinivasan Kannan
- Stefaan De Henauw
- Stefaan Demarest
- Stefan Adela Gabriela
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Rach
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stefania Toselli
- Stefano Marventano
- Steinar Krokstad
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Steve Botomba
- Stevo R Popovic
- Stig E Bojesen
- Stine Schramm
- Sudha Ramachandra Rao
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- Sylvia Alexius
- Tabara Yasuharu
- Tahir Aris
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- Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic
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- Take Naseri
- Takuro Furusawa
- Tal Shimony
- Tamara R Santos
- Tamás Csányi
- Tamerlan Rajabov
- Tandi E Matsha
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- Tania Tello
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- Tatyana Slazhnyova
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- Teresa Haugsgjerd
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
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- Thein Thein Htay
- Themistoklis Tzotzas
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- Valéria Regecová
- Valérie Deschamps
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- Valter Barbosa Filho
- Vanessa Rouzier
- Vanina Bongard
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
- Victor Pf Lhoste
- Victoria E Soto-Rojas
- Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo
- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Vilmundur Gudnason
- Vilnis Dzerve
- Vinay B Nangia
- Vincent Jr DeGennaro
- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Violeta Iotova
- Virginija Dulskiene
- Virgílio V Ramires
- Visnja Djordjic
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
- Yi Zeng
- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e anatomopatológica do sistema urinário de ovinos confinados com ou sem suplementação de cloreto de amônio
- Author
- Adriano Dias
- Antonelli A.C.
- Araújo P.B.
- Assis A.C.O.
- Barbosa C.C.
- Belknap E.B.
- Bianca P. Santarosa
- Botelho G.G.
- Braun J.P.
- Danilo O.L. Ferreira
- Dória R.G.S.
- El-Kammar M.H.
- Ewoldt J.M.
- Feitosa F.L.F.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Ferreira D.O.L.
- Freeman S.R.
- Frelier P.F.
- Gabriela N. Dantas
- Garcia-Navarro C.E.K.
- George J.W.
- Gonsalves Neto J.
- Guedes Jr F.S.
- Guimarães J.A.
- Inkelmann M.A.
- Kaneko J.J.
- Kannan K.V.A.
- Kinsley M.A.
- Kirsztajn G.M.
- Kozloski G.V.
- Loretti A.P.
- Louvandini H.
- Marcela M.P. Rodrigues
- Mavangira V.
- Maxie M.G.
- Navarre C.B.
- Oliveira R.S.
- Paes P.R.O.
- Palviainen M.
- Pires C.C.
- Prado O.R.
- Rabinowitz L.
- Raekallio M.R.
- Raimundo Souza Lopes
- Riet-Correa F.
- Roberto C. Gonçalves
- Sacco S.R.
- Sahinduran S.
- Santarosa B.P.
- Silva P.C.A.R.
- Soraya R. Sacco
- Sousa A.A.R.
- Stewart S.R.
- Stratton-Phelps M.
- Streeter R.N.
- Sun W-D.
- Taffarel D.A.
- Van Metre D.C.
- Zundt M.
- Publication venue
- 'FapUNIFESP (SciELO)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Recommended from our members
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
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- Yiallouros PK
- Yngve A
- Yoosefi M
- Yoshihara A
- Yotov Y
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
- Zaccagni L
- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilova H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zeglen M
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 14/03/2024
- Field of study
Background
Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median).
Findings
From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness.
Interpretation
The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity.
Funding
UK Medical Research Council, UK Research and Innovation (Research England), UK Research and Innovation (Innovate UK), and European Union
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Aarestrup J
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abbasi-Kangevari M
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Ghaffar S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Abubakar Garba J
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
- Adu-Afarwuah S
- Aekplakorn W
- Afsana K
- Afzal S
- Agbor VN
- Agdeppa IA
- Aghazadeh-Attari J
- Aguenaou H
- Aguilar-Salinas CA
- Agyemang C
- Ahmad MH
- Ahmad NA
- Ahmadi A
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmed I
- Ahmed SH
- Ahrens W
- Aitmurzaeva G
- Ajlouni K
- Al Asfoor D
- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
- Al-Hazzaa HM
- Al-Hinai H
- Al-Lahou B
- Al-Lawati JA
- Al-Raddadi R
- Alarouj M
- AlBuhairan F
- AlDhukair S
- Aldwairji MA
- Alexius S
- Ali MM
- Alieva AV
- Alkandari A
- Alkerwi A
- Alkhatib BM
- Allin K
- Alomary SA
- Alomirah HF
- Alshangiti AM
- Alvarez-Pedrerol M
- Aly E
- Amarapurkar DN
- Amiano Etxezarreta P
- Amoah J
- Amougou N
- Amouyel P
- Andersen LB
- Anderssen SA
- Androutsos O
- Anjana RM
- Ansari-Moghaddam A
- Anufrieva E
- Aounallah-Skhiri H
- Araújo J
- Ariansen I
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- Arku RE
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- Aryal KK
- Aspelund T
- Assah FK
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- Assembekov B
- Assunção MCF
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- Aurélio de Valois CJM
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- Dyussupova A
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- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E
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- Díaz-Sánchez ME
- Díez Ripollés MP
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- Echeverría G
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- Fakhretdinova AA
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- Zayed AA
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- Zejglicova K
- Zeljkovic Vrkic T
- Zeng Y
- Zentai A
- Zhang B
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
- Zheng Y
- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
- Zhou M
- Zhu D
- Zimmet P
- Zins M
- Zitt E
- Zocalo Y
- Zoghlami N
- Zuziak M
- Zuñiga Cisneros J
- Ängquist L
- Ågren Å
- Čapková N
- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez L
- Abdeen ZA
- Abdrakhmanova S
- Abdul Rahim HF
- Abdurrahmonova Z
- Abril GL
- Abu-Rmeileh NM
- Acosta-Cazares B
- Adam I
- Adamczyk M
- Adams RJ
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- Al Hourani HM
- Al Qaoud NM
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- Rolandi GEB
- Romaguera D
- Romeo EL
- Rosario AS
- Rosario RV
- Rosengren A
- Rouse I
- Rouzier V
- Roy JGR
- Ruano MH
- Rubinstein A
- Ruidavets J-B
- Ruiz-Betancourt BS
- Ruiz-Castell M
- Rusakova IA
- Russo P
- Rust P
- Rutkowski M
- Rühli FJ
- Saamel M
- Sabanayagam C
- Sabbaghi H
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- Sadjadi A
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- Safiri S
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- Savin S
- Savva S
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- Sawada N
- Sbaraini M
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- Schindler K
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- Schramm S
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- Simon M
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- Smeeth L
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- Soares FC
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- Sobngwi E
- Sodemann M
- Soekatri MYE
- Soemantri A
- Sofat R
- Solano MG
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- Tran TT-H
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- Triantafyllou A
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- Trichopoulou A
- Trinh OTH
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- van Valkengoed IGM
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- Wild PS
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- Wu LJ
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- Xu H
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- Yamborisut U
- Yan W
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- Yngve A
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- Yoshihara A
- You QS
- You S-L
- Younger-Coleman NO
- Yu Y
- Yu Y-L
- Yusof SM
- Yusoff AF
- Yusoff MFM
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- Zafiropulos V
- Zainuddin AA
- Zakavi SR
- Zamani F
- Zambon S
- Zampelas A
- Zamrazilová H
- Zapata ME
- Zargar AH
- Zaw KK
- Zayed AA
- Zdrojewski T
- Zejglicova K
- Zeng Y
- Zhang L
- Zhang Z-Y
- Zhao D
- Zhao M-H
- Zhao W
- Zhecheva YV
- Zhen S
- Zheng W
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- Zholdin B
- Zhou B
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- Ängquist L
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- Łuszczki E
- Šalaj S
- Ševčíková Ľ
- Żegleń M
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p
Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986-1996)
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2000
- Field of study
abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether foals with pneumonia that were treated with erythromycin, alone or in combination with rifampin or gentamicin, had a higher risk of developing adverse effects, compared with foals treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), penicillin G procaine (PGP), or a combination of TMS and PGP (control foals). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 143 foals < 240 days old. PROCEDURE: Information on age, sex, breed, primary drug treatment, total days of treatment with the primary drug, and whether the foal developed diarrhea, hyperthermia, or respiratory distress was obtained from the medical records. Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) were calculated to compare risk of adverse reactions between foals treated with erythromycin and control foals. RESULTS: Only 3 (4.3%) control foals developed diarrhea; none developed hyperthermia or respiratory distress. Foals treated with erythromycin had an 8-fold risk (RR, 8.3) of developing diarrhea, compared with control foals, and increased risks of hyperthermia (AR, 25%) and respiratory distress (AR, 15%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that use of erythromycin to treat foals with pneumonia was associated with an increased risk of diarrhea, hyperthermia, and respiratory distress, compared with use of TMS or PGP
How a nursing care plan can facilitate successful nursing of a pony with hyperlipaemia
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- Field of study