156 research outputs found

    A girl who paints

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    A girl who paints

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    ВСхнология получСния ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡ„ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойства аэрированных ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ

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    The process of obtaining aerated (filled with air bubbles) polymer coatings has been developed and investigated by the method of flame spraying with an assessment of their ability to damp vibrations. A technology for the controlled formation of aerated polymer coatings has been developed while using the capabilities of the ОИМ (OIM) 050 polymer thermal atomizer design which consists in providing a concurrent air flow between the flame torch and the jet of powder material. The experiments have been carried out with such thermoplastic polymers as polyethylene terephthalate, high pressure polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, polyamide. It has been found that the aeration coefficient grows almost in direct proportion with an increase in the amount of air in the concurrent flow for all investigated polymer coatings. It is noted that the aeration process is influenced by the rheological properties of liquid polymers, or rather, the value of the polymer melt flow rate. The limiting values of air in the concurrent flow have been determined, which make it possible not to reduce the adhesion of polymer coatings to steel substrates by less than 6 MPa and not to decrease their hardness by more than 25–30 %. Studies of the damping properties of samples with polymer coatings have been carried out on a stand, the kinematic diagram of which is based on loading the free end of a cantilever sample, abrupt removal of the load and registration of free damped oscillations by an induction-type contactless sensor connected to a computer. It is shown that the use of aeration when forming noise-absorbing coatings on steel samples can increase their logarithmic damping decrement by 18–26 %.Π Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½ ΠΈ исслСдован процСсс получСния аэрированных (Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡƒΠ·Ρ‹Ρ€ΡŒΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π°) ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ напылСния с ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡ… способности ΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡ„ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π˜ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡ возмоТности конструкции ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ тСрмораспылитСля ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ОИМ 050, Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π² обСспСчСнии ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ спутного Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ струСй ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π° тСхнология управляСмого формирования аэрированных ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ. ЭкспСримСнты Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ тСрмопластичными ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ полиэтилСнтСрСфталат, полиэтилСн высокого давлСния, свСрхвысокомолСкулярный полиэтилСн, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ коэффициСнт аэрирования растСт практичСски прямо ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ€Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ с ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ количСства Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π° Π² спутном ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Ρƒ всСх исслСдуСмых ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π° процСсс аэрирования ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ влияниС рСологичСскиС свойства ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π΅Π΅, Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° показатСля тСкучСсти расплава ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π° Π² спутном ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ значСния Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ со ΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 6 МПа ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 25–30 %. ИсслСдования Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡ„ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… свойств ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ покрытиями осущСствляли Π½Π° стСндС, кинСматичСская схСма ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ основана Π½Π° Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ свободного ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° консольно Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΌ снятии Π½Π°Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ рСгистрации свободных Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ…Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ бСсконтактным Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‡ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°, связанным с ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ использованиС аэрирования ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡˆΡƒΠΌΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ… позволяСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… логарифмичСский Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ затухания Π½Π° 18–26 %

    Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΈ триботСхничСскиС свойства Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ, сформированных элСктродСформационным ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтом

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    The paper contains results of investigations on structure and tribotechnical properties of chromium coatings formed by a method of electrodeformation cladding with flexible tools (EDCFT). The purpose of these investigations is to assess prospects for application of the coatings as an alternative to galvanic chrome plating which is widely used in manufacturing hydraulic cylinder rods of metal-cutting machines. Rotary metal brushes with a wire pile made of 65Π“-steel and 03Π₯17Н14М2-stainless steel have been used as a flexible tool. A compacted bar obtained by sintering a mixture of pure chromium powders and a nano-sized diamond-graphite blend UDDG has been employed as a donor material for EDCFT. According to results of the research it has been established that alloying elements of wire pile such as chromium and nickel are added to a coating composition while forming coatings a stainless steel brush. So in the case of using brushes with wire pile of 03X17H14M2-stainless steel the amount of chromium and nickel in a clad coating layer is 5.3 and 9.6 times higher in percentage, respectively, in comparison with the coating formed by a 65Π“-steel brush that can contribute to improvement of coating corrosion resistance. At the same time, surface relief of the coating has a developed rough structure consisting of chromium microparticles having various size that are tightly packed and elongated in the direction of brush rotation and there are no flaws in the form of discontinuities and delaminations. Tribological tests have been performed under conditions of β€œboundary lubrication” on a rotary friction machine that implements friction of a rubber indenter on a flat surface of a rotating disk. According to data of the tribotechnical tests it has been ascertained that under conditions of β€œboundary friction” for such paired samples as β€œcoated disc – rubber roller” chromium coatings formed by the EDCFT method, have the lowest values of a sliding friction coefficient (fΡ‚Ρ€Β = 0.023) which are 7.5 times lower than chromium coatings obtained by electroplating. At the same time the wear of rubber rollers in pairs with electroplated chromium coatings has turned out to be less than in pairs with the coating formed by the EDCFT method..Β ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдований структуры ΠΈ триботСхничСских свойств Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ, сформированных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ элСктродСформационного плакирования Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈΠΌ инструмСнтом (Π­Π”ΠŸΠ“Π˜), Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ пСрспСктив ΠΈΡ… примСнСния Π² качСствС Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ, ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΡ€Π΅ΠΆΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… станков. Π’ качСствС Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инструмСнта ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ мСталличСскиС Ρ‰Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ворсом, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈΠ· стали 65Π“ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ стали 03Π₯17Н14М2. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»-Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π­Π”ΠŸΠ“Π˜ – ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ брусок, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ спСкания смСси ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² чистого Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΠΌΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ-Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡˆΠΈΡ…Ρ‚Ρ‹ УДАГ. По Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ исслСдований установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ Ρ‰Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ стали Π² состав покрытия привносятся Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ элСмСнты ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ворса, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ никСль. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² случаС использования Ρ‰Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ворсом ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ стали 03Π₯17Н14М2 количСство Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ никСля Π² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ слоС покрытия ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡŽ соотвСтствСнно Π² 5,3 ΠΈ 9,6 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° большС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΈ, сформированном Ρ‰Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· стали 65Π“, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ стойкости ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ΅Ρ„ повСрхности покрытия ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡŽ ΡˆΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡŽ структуру, ΡΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ вытянутых Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ вращСния Ρ‰Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°ΠΌ микрочастиц Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ сглаТСнных микровыступов ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ покрытия Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡˆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ отслоСний ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚. ВриботСхничСскиС испытания Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² условиях Β«Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ смазки» Π½Π° машинС трСния Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°, Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΏΠΎ плоской повСрхности Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ диска. По Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ триботСхничСских испытаний установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² условиях Β«Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ трСния» спарСнных ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†ΠΎΠ² «диск с ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ – Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΒ» наимСньшими значСниями Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ коэффициСнта трСния скольТСния (fΡ‚Ρ€Β = 0,023) ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ покрытия, сформированныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π­Π”ΠŸΠ“Π˜, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² 7,5 Ρ€Π°Π·Π° мСньшС, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ осаТдСниСм. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя износ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ… с Π³Π°Π»ΡŒΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ покрытиями оказывался мСньшим, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ… с ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, сформированным ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π­Π”ΠŸΠ“Π˜

    The role of urokinase, T-cadherin and adiponetin in the development of endogenous depressive disorders

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    Purpose of the study To determine the role of genes that regulate the processes of nerve cell migration and directed growth of nerve fibers of navigation receptors (PLAUR and CDH13) or their ligands (PLAU, PLAT, ADIPOQ) in the development of endogenous depression and schizophrenia in the Russian population.ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ – ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… процСссы ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ роста Π½Π΅Ρ€Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (PLAUR ΠΈ CDH13) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ² (PLAU, PLAT, ADIPOQ) Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ эндогСнной дСпрСссии ΠΈ ΡˆΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ„Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² российской популяции

    Π”Π˜Π­Π›Π•ΠšΠ’Π Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π• Π₯ΠΠ ΠΠšΠ’Π•Π Π˜Π‘Π’Π˜ΠšΠ˜ ΠœΠžΠΠžΠšΠ Π˜Π‘Π’ΠΠ›Π›ΠžΠ’ TlGaS2, Π”ΠžΠŸΠ˜Π ΠžΠ’ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ΠΎ ΠΈ Yb

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    Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of TlGaS2, TlGa0,999Yb0,001S2 and TlGa0,99 Co0,01S2 Β single crystals are investigated in the temperature range 150–320 K at the measuring field frequencies of 103 –106 Hz. The values of generalized activation energy of charge carriers in these crystals are determined. It is shown that the absolute values of the characteristics studied increase with temperature. The temperature dependences of the dielectric constant of these crystals have revealed the anomalies in the form of wide peaks, indicating the presence of their structural changes at temperatures ~ 170–250 K. The dispersion of the dielectric properties of the single crystals under study is seen: with a frequency growth the dielectric constant values decrease, and electrical conductivity values increase. It is found that the cobalt and ytterbium doping of TlGaS2 crystals decrease permittivity values and increase electrical conductivity values.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ исслСдования элСктропроводности ΠΈ диэлСктричСских характСристик монокристаллов TlGaS2, TlGa0,999Yb0,001S2 ΠΈ TlGa0,99 Co0,01S2 Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ 150–320 К Π½Π° частотах ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ поля 103 –106 Π“Ρ†. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ значСния ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ основных носитСлСй заряда Π² этих кристаллах. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ значСния ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик Π²ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. На ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ зависимости диэлСктричСской проницаСмости исслСдуСмых кристаллов ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‹ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ… максимумов, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠΈ структурных ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ… Π² области Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ ~ 170–250 К. ВыявлСна диспСрсия диэлСктричСских свойств исслСдованных монокристаллов: с ростом частоты значСния диэлСктричСской проницаСмости ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, Π° ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ элСктропроводности – ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ кристаллов TlGaS2 ΠΊΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ диэлСктричСской проницаСмости ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ элСктропроводности

    Photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines: relevance of tumour cell death expression

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    Recent investigations have established that tumour cells treated in vitro by photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used for generating potent vaccines against cancers of the same origin. In the present study, cancer vaccines were prepared by treating mouse SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma cells with photosensitiser chlorin e6-based PDT and used against poorly immunogenic SCCVII tumours growing in syngeneic immunocompetent mice. The vaccine potency increased when cells were post-incubated in culture after PDT treatment for 16 h before they were injected into tumour-bearing mice. Interfering with surface expression of phosphatidylserine (annexin V treatment) and apoptosis (caspase inhibitor treatment) demonstrated that this post-incubation effect is affiliated with the expression of changes associated with vaccine cell death. The cured mice acquired resistance to re-challenge with the same tumour, while the engagement of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was demonstrated by detection of high numbers of degranulating CD8+ cells in vaccinated tumours. The vaccines prepared from ex vivo PDT-treated SCCVII tumour tissue were also highly effective, implying that surgically removed tumour tissue can be directly used for PDT vaccines. This opens attractive prospects for employing PDT vaccines tailored for individual patients targeting specific antigens of the patient's tumour

    Pharmacological Effects of Asiatic acid in Glioblastoma Cells under Hypoxia

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    Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite current treatment options including surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) and cisplatin, the median survival rate remains low (<16 months). Combined with increasing drug resistance and the inability of some compounds to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), novel compounds are being sought for the treatment of this disease. Here, we aimed to examine the pharmacological effect of Asiatic acid (AA) in glioblastoma under hypoxia. To investigate the effects of AA on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and wound healing, SVG p12 fetal glia and U87-MG grade IV glioblastoma cells were cultured under normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. In normoxia, AA reduced cell viability in U87-MG cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. A significant decrease in viability, compared to cisplatin, was observed following 2hrs of AA treatment with no significant changes in cell proliferation or cell cycle progression observed. Under hypoxia, a significantly greater number of cells underwent apoptosis in comparison to cisplatin. While cisplatin showed a reduction in wound healing in normoxia, a significantly greater reduction was observed following AA treatment. An overall reduction in wound healing was observed under hypoxia. The results of this study show that AA has cytotoxic effects on glioma cell lines and has the potential to become an alternative treatment for glioblastoma

    Π›Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ расплава подшипников скольТСния Π½Π° основС Π±Π°Π±Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π°

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    Abstract. A device design is proposed that makes it possible to obtain composite castings of sliding bearings based on babbitt by mixing alloying additives from antifriction powders of solid lubricants (graphite, molybdenum disulfide, etc.) into the melt, having a density significantly lower than the density of babbitt itself.Β  The principle of mixing is based on the use of Β numerous turbulent flows resulting from the rotation of a gating rod with a wire pile in the melt material, the packing density coefficient of which is not less than 0.1. Due to the suction effect of these flows, non-metallic particles of solid lubricant powder do not float to the surface of the melt and, after crystallization, remain in the body of the casting. The supply of alloying powder of solid lubricant is carried out simultaneously with the supply ofΒ  the babbitt melt through the central and distribution gating channels made in a rotating rod. Under the action of centrifugal forces, powder particles and melt material flow through distribution channels to the walls of the mold (mold), passing through the rotation zone of the metal pile. In this case, intensive mixing of the powder particles with the melt material occurs due to the suction effect of turbulent flows arising behind the moving pile. In addition, as a result of the rotation of the wire pile, dendritic constituents are crushed in babbitt castings. Β Metallographic studies of the castings obtained on the developed device have shown that the structure of the casting obtained by traditional technology contains large quantities of solid crystals of intermetallic compounds SnSb and Cu3Sn, while in the structure of the casting obtained using the proposed device, along with the aforementioned intermetallic compounds, particles of solid lubricant C + MoS2 powder embedded in the crystallized melt are observed.Β ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° конструкция устройства, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ получСния ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ подшипников скольТСния Π½Π° основС Π±Π°Π±Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π° ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ замСшивания Π² расплав Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ смазки (Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‚Π°, Π΄ΠΈΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.), ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ, Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ мСньшСй ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ самого Π±Π°Π±Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏ замСшивания основан Π½Π° использовании многочислСнных Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π±ΡƒΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… вслСдствиС вращСния Π² ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ расплава Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ стСрТня с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ворсом, коэффициСнт плотности Π½Π°Π±ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,1. Благодаря Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ этих ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² нСмСталличСскиС частицы ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ смазки Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠ»Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ расплава ΠΈ послС Π΅Π³ΠΎ кристаллизации ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‡Π° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ смазки осущСствляСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ с ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ расплава Π±Π°Π±Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ‹, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡΡ стСрТнС. Под дСйствиСм Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сил частицы ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π» расплава Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ‹ Π²Ρ‹Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΊ стСнкам ΠΈΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ†Ρ‹ (Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹), проходя Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρƒ вращСния мСталличСского ворса. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом благодаря Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π±ΡƒΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π·Π° двиТущимся ворсом, происходит интСнсивноС смСшиваниС частиц ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° с ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ расплава. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ вращСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ворса обСспСчиваСтся ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅Π½Π΄Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠ· Π±Π°Π±Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π°. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ исслСдованиями ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ устройствС ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΊ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² структурС ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π² большом количСствС содСрТатся Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄Ρ‹Π΅ кристаллы ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний SnSb ΠΈ Cu3Sn, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎ врСмя ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² структурС ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ с использованиСм ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ устройства, наряду с Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ соСдинСниями, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π²ΡˆΠΈΠΉΡΡ расплав частицы ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΊΠ° Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΉ смазки CΒ +Β MoS2
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