The restrictions of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle

We tried to explain our point of view on this principle and answer a number of critical questions in this comment. It is the first time we have clearly presented all the existing restrictions of MEPP application and briefly explained them; this will help to avoid misunderstandings connected with its use.Comment: 7 pages, Added argument

Slope stability monitoring from microseismic field using polarization methodology

International audienceNumerical simulation of seismoacoustic emission (SAE) associated with fracturing in zones of shear stress concentration shows that SAE signals are polarized along the stress direction. The proposed polarization methodology for monitoring of slope stability makes use of three-component recording of the microseismic field on a slope in order to pick the signals of slope processes by filtering and polarization analysis. Slope activity is indicated by rather strong roughly horizontal polarization of the respective portion of the field in the direction of slope dip. The methodology was tested in microseismic observations on a landslide slope in the Northern Tien-Shan (Kyrgyzstan)

Cyclic Ferroelectric Switching and Quantized Charge Transport in CuInP2_2S6_6

The van der Waals layered ferroelectric CuInP$_2$S$_6$ has been found to exhibit a variety of intriguing properties arising from the fact that the Cu ions are unusually mobile in this system. While the polarization switching mechanism is usually understood to arise from Cu ion motion within the monolayers, a second switching path involving Cu motion across the van der Waals gaps has been suggested. In this work, we perform zero-temperature first-principles calculations on such switching paths, focusing on two types that preserve the periodicity of the primitive unit cell: ``cooperative" paths preserving the system's glide mirror symmetry, and ``sequential" paths in which the two Cu ions in the unit cell move independently of each other. We find that CuInP$_2$S$_6$ features a rich and varied energy landscape, and that sequential paths are clearly favored energetically both for cross-gap and through-layer paths. Importantly, these segments can be assembled to comprise a globally insulating cycle with the out-of-plane polarization evolving by a quantum as the Cu ions shift to neighboring layers. In this sense, we argue that CuInP$_2$S$_6$ embodies the physics of a quantized adiabatic charge pump

New atlas of open star clusters

Due to numerous new discoveries of open star clusters in the last two decades, astronomers need an easy-to-use resource to get visual information on the relative position of clusters in the sky. Therefore we propose a new atlas of open star clusters. It is based on a table compiled from the largest modern cluster catalogues. The atlas shows the positions and sizes of 3291 clusters and associations, and consists of two parts. The first contains 108 maps of 12 by 12 degrees with an overlapping of 2 degrees in three strips along the Galactic equator. The second one is an online web application, which shows a square field of an arbitrary size, either in equatorial coordinates or in galactic coordinates by request. The atlas is proposed for the sampling of clusters and cluster stars for further investigation. Another use is the identification of clusters among overdensities in stellar density maps or among stellar groups in images of the sky. © 2017 A. F. Seleznev et al.Acknowledgment: The work of Anton F. Seleznev was partly supported by the Ministry of Education and Science (the basic part of the State assignment, RK no. AAAA-A17-117030310283-7). The work of Anton F. Seleznev and of Eka-terina Avvakumova was supported also by the Act no. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement no. 02.A03.21.0006. Authors are very grateful to Tatiana Selezneva for the graphic design of the web application

ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ АКТИВНИХ МЕТОДІВ НАВЧАННЯ У ПРОЦЕСІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ПРОФІЛЮ

The aim of the work – to analyze the essence of active methods of teaching, the peculiarities of their use in the educational process and to determine the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the improvement of the quality of medical specialists training.The main body. The article presents an analysis of the active learning methods and defines the special features of their use to improve quality of the educational process and training of future specialists. Besides of that, we substantiate pedagogical conditions of employment of the active learning methods, particularly in the training of specialists of medical profile. The authors consider that the introduction of such methods is one of the most promising way to improve the training of future professionals, including doctors, and gives necessary knowledge and practical skills to them. The article determines the main pedagogical conditions of the active learning methods in the training of interns such as the identity and pedagogical skills of a teacher and the diversification of forms and methods of training.Conclusion. We are sure that the method of discussion, the didactic games, the method of situational analysis (case method), the multimedia learning and the method of simulation are the most effective for a professional development of interns.Мета роботи – проаналізувати сутність активних методів навчання, особливості їх використання в освітньому процесі та визна­чити педагогічні умови, що сприяють підвищенню якості підготовки фахівців медичного профілю.Основна частина. У статті наводиться аналіз активних методів навчання, визначаються особливості їх використання з метою підвищення якості освітнього процесу та підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Обґрунтовуються педагогічні умови використання активних методів навчання, зокрема у підготовці фахівців медичного профілю. Визначається, що серед основних педагогічних умов є, по-перше, особистість викладача та рівень його педагогічної майстерності, а по-друге – урізноманітнення форм та методів навчання і безпосереднє упровадження активних методів в освітній процес.Висновок. Підкреслюється, що найбільш ефективний вплив на професійний розвиток лікаря-інтерна, як компетентної особистості та конкурентоспроможного фахівця, здійснюється завдяки застосуванню в освітньому просторі ВНЗ таких активних методів, як: навчання в дискусії, дидактичні ігри, метод ситуаційного аналізу (кейс-метод), мультимедійні засоби навчання, метод моделювання ситуацій (симуляційне навчання) та ін