187 research outputs found

    Screening Spring Wheat Genotypes for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 Genes under Severe Drought Stress at the Germination Stage Using KASP Technology

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    Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor throughout the world in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing losses of up to 80% of the total yield. The identification of factors affecting drought stress tolerance in the seedling stage is especially important to increase adaptation and accelerate the grain yield potential. In the current study, 41 spring wheat genotypes were tested for their tolerance to drought at the germination stage under two different polyethylene glycol concentrations (PEG) of 25% and 30%. For this purpose, twenty seedlings from each genotype were evaluated in triplicate with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a controlled growth chamber. The following nine parameters were recorded: germination pace (GP), germination percentage (G%), number of roots (NR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot–root length ratio (SRR), fresh biomass weight (FBW), dry biomass weight (DBW), and water content (WC). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences (p \u3c 0.01) among the genotypes, treatments (PEG25%, PEG30%) and genotypes × treatment interaction, for all traits. The broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates were very high in both concentrations. They ranged from 89.4 to 98.9% under PEG25% and from 70.8 to 98.7% under PEG30%. Citr15314 (Afghanistan) was among the best performing genotypes under both concentrations for most of the germination traits. Two KASP markers for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 genes were used to screen all genotypes and to study the effect of these on drought tolerance at the germination stage. All genotypes with Fehw3 (only) showed a better performance for most traits under both concentrations compared to other genotypes having TaDreb-B1 or having both genes. To our knowledge, this work is the first report showing the effect of the two genes on germination traits under severe drought stress conditions

    Genetic dissection of grain architecture-related traits in a winter wheat population

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    Background: The future productivity of wheat (T. aestivum L.) as the most grown crop worldwide is of utmost importance for global food security. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) in wheat is closely associated with grain architecture-related traits, e.g. kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel area (KA), kernel diameter ratio (KDR), and factor form density (FFD). Discovering the genetic architecture of natural variation in these traits, identifying QTL and candidate genes are the main aims of this study. Therefore, grain architecture-related traits in 261 worldwide winter accessions over three field-year experiments were evaluated. Results: Genome-wide association analysis using 90K SNP array in FarmCPU model revealed several interesting genomic regions including 17 significant SNPs passing false discovery rate threshold and strongly associated with the studied traits. Four of associated SNPs were physically located inside candidate genes within LD interval e.g. BobWhite_c5872_589 (602,710,399 bp) found to be inside TraesCS6A01G383800 (602,699,767–602,711,726 bp). Further analysis reveals the four novel candidate genes potentially involved in more than one grain architecture-related traits with a pleiotropic effects e.g. TraesCS6A01G383800 gene on 6A encoding oxidoreductase activity was associated with TKW and KA. The allelic variation at the associated SNPs showed significant differences betweeen the accessions carying the wild and mutated alleles e.g. accessions carying C allele of BobWhite_c5872_589, TraesCS6A01G383800 had significantly higher TKW than the accessions carying T allele. Interestingly, these genes were highly expressed in the grain-tissues, demonstrating their pivotal role in controlling the grain architecture. Conclusions: These results are valuable for identifying regions associated with kernel weight and dimensions and potentially help breeders in improving kernel weight and architecture-related traits in order to increase wheat yield potential and end-use quality.Fil: Schierenbeck, Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; AlemaniaFil: Alqudah, Ahmad M.. University Aarhus; DinamarcaFil: Lohwasser, Ulrike. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; AlemaniaFil: Tarawneh, Rasha A.. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; AlemaniaFil: Simon, Maria Rosa. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Börner, Andreas. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Alemani

    Association mapping unravels the genetics controlling seedling drought stress tolerance in winter wheat

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    Drought is a major constraint in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield. The present work aimed to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs)/ candidate genes influencing drought tolerance-related traits at the seedling stage in 261 accessions of a diverse winter wheat panel. Seeds from three consecutive years were exposed to polyethylene glycol 12% (PEG-6000) and a control treatment (distilled water). The Farm-CPU method was used for the association analysis with 17,093 polymorphic SNPs. PEG treatment reduced shoot length (SL) (-36.3%) and root length (RL) (-11.3%) compared with control treatments, while the coleoptile length (CL) was increased by 11% under drought conditions, suggesting that it might be considered as an indicator of stress-tolerance. Interestingly, we revealed 70 stable QTN across 17 chromosomes. Eight QTNs related to more than one trait were detected on chromosomes 1B, 2A (2), 2B, 2D, 4B, 7A, and 7B and located nearby or inside candidate genes within the linkage disequilibrium (LD) interval. For instance, the QTN on chromosome 2D is located inside the gene TraesCS2D02G133900 that controls the variation of CL_S and SL_C. The allelic variation at the candidate genes showed significant influence on the associated traits, demonstrating their role in controlling the natural variation of multi-traits of drought stress tolerance. The gene expression of these candidate genes under different stress conditions validates their biological role in stress tolerance. Our findings offer insight into understanding the genetic factors and diverse mechanisms in response to water shortage conditions that are important for wheat improvement and adaptation at early developmental stages.Fil: Schierenbeck, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Alemania. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Alqudah, Ahmad M.. Qatar University; QatarFil: Thabet, Samar G.. Fayoum University; EgiptoFil: Lohwasser, Ulrike. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; AlemaniaFil: Simón, María Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. Cátedra de Cerealicultura; ArgentinaFil: Börner, Andreas. Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Alemani

    Green Revolution dwarfing Rht genes negatively affected wheat floral traits related to cross‐pollination efficiency

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    Hybrid breeding is a promising strategy to quickly improve wheat yield and stability. Due to the usefulness of the Rht ?Green Revolution? dwarfing alleles, it is important to gain a better understanding of their impact on traits related to hybrid development. Traits associated with cross-pollination efficiency were studied using Near Isogenic Lines carrying the different sets of alleles in Rht genes: Rht1 (semi-dwarf), Rht2 (semi-dwarf), Rht1+2 (dwarf), Rht3 (extreme dwarf), Rht2+3 (extreme dwarf), and rht (tall) during four growing seasons. Results showed that the extreme dwarfing alleles Rht2+3, Rht3, and Rht1+2 presented the greatest effects in all the traits analyzed. Plant height showed reductions up to 64% (Rht2+3) compared to rht. Decreases up to 20.2% in anther length and -33% in filament length (Rht2+3) were observed. Anthers extrusion decreased from 40% (rht) to 20% (Rht1 and Rht2), 11% (Rht3), 8.3% (Rht1+2) and 6.5% (Rht2+3). Positive correlations were detected between plant height and anther extrusion, anther, and anther filament lengths, suggesting the negative effect of dwarfing alleles. Moreover, the magnitude of these negative impacts depends on the combination of the alleles: Rht2+3>Rht3/Rht1+2>Rht2/Rht1>rht (tall). Reductions were consistent across genotypes and environments with interactions due to magnitude effects. Our results indicate that Rht alleles are involved in multiple traits of interest for hybrid wheat production and the need to select alternative sources for reduced height/lodging resistance for hybrid breeding programs.Fil: Schierenbeck, Matías. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Alqudah, Ahmad M.. Qatar University; QatarFil: Lantos, Edit. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; AlemaniaFil: Avogadro, Evangelina G.. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; AlemaniaFil: Simon, Maria Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales; ArgentinaFil: Börner, Andreas. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; Alemani

    Screening Spring Wheat Genotypes for \u3ci\u3eTaDreb-B1\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eFehw3\u3c/i\u3e Genes under Severe Drought Stress at the Germination Stage Using KASP Technology

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    Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor throughout the world in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), causing losses of up to 80% of the total yield. The identification of factors affecting drought stress tolerance in the seedling stage is especially important to increase adaptation and accelerate the grain yield potential. In the current study, 41 spring wheat genotypes were tested for their tolerance to drought at the germination stage under two different polyethylene glycol concentrations (PEG) of 25% and 30%. For this purpose, twenty seedlings from each genotype were evaluated in triplicate with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a controlled growth chamber. The following nine parameters were recorded: germination pace (GP), germination percentage (G%), number of roots (NR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot–root length ratio (SRR), fresh biomass weight (FBW), dry biomass weight (DBW), and water content (WC). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed highly significant differences (p \u3c 0.01) among the genotypes, treatments (PEG25%, PEG30%) and genotypes × treatment interaction, for all traits. The broad-sense heritability (H2) estimates were very high in both concentrations. They ranged from 89.4 to 98.9% under PEG25% and from 70.8 to 98.7% under PEG30%. Citr15314 (Afghanistan) was among the best performing genotypes under both concentrations for most of the germination traits. Two KASP markers for TaDreb-B1 and Fehw3 genes were used to screen all genotypes and to study the effect of these on drought tolerance at the germination stage. All genotypes with Fehw3 (only) showed a better performance for most traits under both concentrations compared to other genotypes having TaDreb-B1 or having both genes. To our knowledge, this work is the first report showing the effect of the two genes on germination traits under severe drought stress conditions

    A prolonged run-in period of standard subcutaneous microdialysis ameliorates quality of interstitial glucose signal in patients after major cardiac surgery

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    We evaluated a standard subcutaneous microdialysis technique for glucose monitoring in two critically ill patient populations and tested whether a prolonged run-in period improves the quality of the interstitial glucose signal. 20 surgical patients after major cardiac surgery (APACHE II score: 10.1 ± 3.2) and 10 medical patients with severe sepsis (APACHE II score: 31.1 ± 4.3) were included in this investigation. A microdialysis catheter was inserted in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdominal region. Interstitial fluid and arterial blood were sampled in hourly intervals to analyse glucose concentrations. Subcutaneous adipose tissue glucose was prospectively calibrated to reference arterial blood either at hour 1 or at hour 6. Median absolute relative difference of glucose (MARD), calibrated at hour 6 (6.2 (2.6; 12.4) %) versus hour 1 (9.9 (4.2; 17.9) %) after catheter insertion indicated a significant improvement in signal quality in patients after major cardiac surgery (p < 0.001). Prolonged run-in period revealed no significant improvement in patients with severe sepsis, but the number of extreme deviations from the blood plasma values could be reduced. Improved concurrence of glucose readings via a 6-hour run-in period could only be achieved in patients after major cardiac surgery

    Genetic dissection of grain architecture-related traits in a winter wheat population

    Get PDF
    Background: The future productivity of wheat (T. aestivum L.) as the most grown crop worldwide is of utmost importance for global food security. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) in wheat is closely associated with grain architecture-related traits, e.g. kernel length (KL), kernel width (KW), kernel area (KA), kernel diameter ratio (KDR), and factor form density (FFD). Discovering the genetic architecture of natural variation in these traits, identifying QTL and candidate genes are the main aims of this study. Therefore, grain architecture-related traits in 261 worldwide winter accessions over three field-year experiments were evaluated. Results: Genome-wide association analysis using 90K SNP array in FarmCPU model revealed several interesting genomic regions including 17 significant SNPs passing false discovery rate threshold and strongly associated with the studied traits. Four of associated SNPs were physically located inside candidate genes within LD interval e.g. BobWhite_c5872_589 (602,710,399 bp) found to be inside TraesCS6A01G383800 (602,699,767-602,711,726 bp). Further analysis reveals the four novel candidate genes potentially involved in more than one grain architecture-related traits with a pleiotropic effects e.g. TraesCS6A01G383800 gene on 6A encoding oxidoreductase activity was associated with TKW and KA. The allelic variation at the associated SNPs showed significant differences betweeen the accessions carying the wild and mutated alleles e.g. accessions carying C allele of BobWhite_c5872_589, TraesCS6A01G383800 had significantly higher TKW than the accessions carying T allele. Interestingly, these genes were highly expressed in the grain-tissues, demonstrating their pivotal role in controlling the grain architecture. Conclusions: These results are valuable for identifying regions associated with kernel weight and dimensions and potentially help breeders in improving kernel weight and architecture-related traits in order to increase wheat yield potential and end-use quality.Este artículo tiene una corrección que puede verse haciendo clic en "Documentos relacionados".Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

    Items from Germany-The impact of Rht alleles on cross-pollination efficiency traits with relevance for hybrid breeding in wheat

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    Hybrid breeding and the ability to exploit heterosis is one of a few high-priority wheat breeding strategies that have the potential to rapidly improve yield and stability. Yield improvements associated with hybrid vigor were demonstrated to be in the order of a 10–25% increase in grain yield as well as improved resistance against biotic/abiotic stresses and grain quality. Faced with these scenarios, the identification of factors affecting the development of hybrid wheats is of fundamental importance in order to accelerate the rate of genetic gain of the crop. Due to the prevalence and usefulness of Rht ‘Green revolution’ dwarfing alleles, it is important to gain a better understanding of how these alleles affect those traits related to the development of hybrid wheat seed production. Up to now, the expected influence of these alleles/ genes on wheat flowering-related traits was evaluated based on mapping populations or genome-wide association studies, without taking into account the actual effect of each Rht allele in particular. In this project, we propose to explore the effect of different Rht alleles using many near-isogenic lines. The experiments were performed at the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK Gatersleben, Germany) and the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry (National University of La Plata, Argentina) during three growing seasons. Four sets of NILs carrying the alleles of Rht genes: Rht1 (Rht-B1b/Rht-D1a), Rht2 (Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b), Rht3 (Rht-B1c/Rht-D1a), Rht 1+2 (Rht-B1b/ Rht-D1b), Rht 2+3 (Rht-B1c/Rht-D1b), and rht (tall; Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a) in the genetic backgrounds of the wheat cultivars April Bearded, Bersee, Maris Huntsman, and Maris Widgeon were evaluated. Traits associated with cross-pollination efficiency (flowering date, plant height, spike length, anther extrusion, anther and filament length, and spikelets/spike) were studied. Preliminary results showed that the extreme dwarf alleles Rht3, Rht1+2, and Rht2+3 presented the greatest effects in all the variables analyzed. Plant height showed reductions from 22–25% (Rht1 and Rht2), 50–57% (Rht3 and Rht1+2), and 66% (Rht2+3) compared to rht (tall). Spike length was increased up to 14% (Rht1+2 vs. rht) and 3–9% for the rest of Rht alleles compared to rht, whereas spikelets/spike were increased up to 6% (Rht2+3 vs. rht). In comparison to rht (tall), the floral organs were negatively influenced by Rht alleles; decreases from 8–13% (Rht 1, Rht2, and Rht3) to 17–25% (Rht1+2 and Rht2+3) in anther length, and reductions from 16–44% in filament length were observed. For their part, anthers extrusion decreased between 15–27% (Rht1, Rht2, and Rht3) to 32–35% for Rht1+2 and Rht2+3 compared with that of rht. No significant differences were detected for flowering time among the alleles evaluated. These preliminary results indicate that Rht alleles combination are involved in multiple traits of interest for hybrid wheat production in breeding programs. Moreover, the magnitude of the negative impact of Rht alleles on floral organs depends on the combination of the alleles involved.Fil: Schierenbeck, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; AlemaniaFil: Börner, A.. Leibniz Institute Of Plant Genetics And Crop Plant Research.; AlemaniaFil: Aleksandrov, V.. No especifíca;Fil: Alqudah, A. M.. No especifíca;Fil: Chebatareva, M. V.. No especifíca;Fil: Esquisabel, E.. No especifíca;Fil: Golik, S. I.. No especifíca;Fil: Kartseva, T.. No especifíca;Fil: Klykov, A. G.. No especifíca;Fil: Pshenichnikova, M. S.. No especifíca;Fil: Röder, V. P.. No especifíca;Fil: Shamanin, L. V.. No especifíca;Fil: Shchukina, M. R.. No especifíca;Fil: Simón, V. I.. No especifíca;Fil: Yakubovskiy, K.. No especifíca;Fil: Zaynali, Nezhad. No especifíca

    Interacción entre fertilización nitrogenada y moléculas fungicidas en trigo: ¿Cómo afectan la severidad y rendimiento ante infecciones de mancha amarilla y roya de la hoja?

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    Las enfermedades foliares constituyen uno de los principales factores bióticos que limitan la expresión de los rendimientos del cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) en todo el mundo. Las enfermedades foliares fúngicas como “mancha amarilla -MA-” (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs., anamorfo Drechslera tritici-repentis) (Died.) Shoem) que por ser producida por un patógeno necrotrófico se ha incrementado en siembra directa y “roya de la hoja -RH-” (Puccinia triticina Eriks) impactan sobre el rendimiento y los componentes numéricos que lo conforman (peso de mil granos, número de espigas por m2, número de granos por espiga), ya que producen alteraciones en los sistemas responsables de la producción y distribución de asimilados dentro de la planta, como disminuciones en el índice de área foliar verde, en la intercepción de radiación acumulada, y consecuentemente, en la acumulación de materia seca y su partición (Waggoner & Berger, 1987; Schierenbeck et al. 2015, 2016). La fertilización nitrogenada ejerce una considerable influencia en el desarrollo epidémiológico de los patógenos, inhibiendo o promoviendo su comportamiento (Hanus & Schoop, 1985). Para el caso de MA diversos investigadores determinaron una disminución de la severidad ante aumentos en la fertilización nitrogenada (Pastore, 2008; Fleitas 2017, Fleitas et al. 2018) y un aumento en el inóculo potencial ante bajas fertilizaciones de N (Verret, 1995). Sin embargo, otros autores sostienen que esta aparente reducción de la enfermedad por los fertilizantes nitrogenados, es debido a un retraso en la senescencia de las hojas y no debido a un efecto directo sobre la mancha amarilla (Bockus & Davis, 1992). En contraposición, se han documentado incrementos en la severidad de roya de la hoja ante aumentos en la dosis de nitrógeno (Devadas et al. 2014; Fleitas et al. 2018b). La aplicación de fungicidas es una de las estrategias más difundidas para el manejo de enfermedades en este cultivo y ha sido asociada con incrementos de rendimiento debido al incrementos en la duración de área foliar verde del cultivo (DAFV) durante el periodo de llenado del grano (Pepler et al., 2005) y a que evitan el consumo de fotoasimilados por parte del patógeno. Con el desarrollo de este trabajo se pretende evaluar el efecto de tres dosis de fertilización nitrogenada y tres tratamientos de fungicidas sobre la severidad causada por el patógeno necrotrófico P.tritici-repentis y el biotrófico P.triticina y sus efectos sobre la severidad, rendimiento y sus componentes en tres cultivares de trigo.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAF
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