Perbandingan Nilai Total Plate Count (Tpc) Dan Cemaran Salmonella SP. Pada Ikan Tongkol (Eutynnus SP.) Yang Dijual Di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (Tpi), Pasar Tradisional Dan Pedagang Ikan Eceran Di Kota Kupang

Tuna is one of the fishery products which has a high level of consumption in the city of Kupang but are easily damaged. One of the pathogenic bacteria in fish that cause food-borne disease is Salmonella sp. The contamination of Salmonella sp. is caused by inadequate sanitation, poor hygiene and contaminated water used by the merchant. This study aims to determine both the differences in the value of TPC and whether there is the contamination of Salmonella sp. or not. Moreover, this study was to examine quantification of contamination level and different levels of Salmonella sp contamination the difference level of Salmonella sp. contamination in tuna fishes which has been sold in the fish auction place (TPI), traditional markets and retail fish market in Kupang. 54 samples of Tuna were collected from three locations. This research was also supported by the water quality testing which consisted of 15 water samples. The result showed that there was a significant difference on the TPC values with an average level of contamination from the highest to the lowest, started from the fish retailers as many as 1,35 x 105 CFU/g, followed by the traditional markets as many as 5 x 104 CFU/g and TPI as many as 3,5 x 103 CFU/g. The differences of TPC values were due to the personal higyene and sanitation, locations, the equipments as well as the materials used in the post-arrest process, the distribution and the sales. The results from TPC analysis showed that 4 samples were contaminated by the Salmonella sp. The average level of Salmonella sp contamination was from the Tuna sold by the fish relailers as many as 1,6 x 102 followed by the traditional fish markets as many as 1 x 102 and in the TPI as many as 4x10. This study also showed that based on water quality test, positive results were found in 1 sample in TPI, 3 samples in the traditional markets and 4 samples in the fish retailers. In conclusion, the Tunas sold by the fish retailers have the highest TPC value and the highest level of Salmonella sp contamination compare to the Tunas sold in the traditional markets and TPI

Multimodality Treatment of Craniopharyngioma: Aspiration of Cystic Contents and Placement of Ommaya Reservoir Stereotactically Followed by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery – Single Center Study of 81 Cases

Objective:  The objective of this present study was to assess the accuracy, result, and safety measures of stereotactic biopsy. The study was conducted at the Neurospinal & Cancer Care Institute Karachi. Material and Methods:  After the approval from the ethical hospital committee, the study was conducted on 34 patients, in which 9 (26.4%) were females, and 25 (73.5%) were males. 34 consecutive patients with biopsy inclusion deep seated lesion, mid line pathology, eloquent area and operated surgery, previous radiation treatment were excluded, and after that, the biopsy report based surgery or radiotherapy treatment was decided. Result:  The biopsy underwent histopathological diagnosis proving Astrocytoma in 7 (20.5%) patients out of which four were in the Eloquent area, tuberculosis diagnosed in 5 (14.7%) patient, Oligodendroglioma diagnosed in 3 (8.8%) patients, metastasis in 5 (14.7%), Abscess in 4 (11.7%) patient which was aspirated to maximum and sent for culture, Malignant tumor (grade 3 & 4) 5 (14.7%), Lymphoma in 2 (5.8%) patient both were given radiation therapy Tumor necrosis 1 (2.9%) case,  and No tissue obtained in 2 (5.8%) which was repeated later. No major complication or side effects were observed in the patient. Conclusion:  Stereotactic Framed biopsy is safe and accurate and can be used in deep seated lesions with high success rate, minimal complication and decrease surgical morbidity for patients, and it is comparable to updated method

Deriving Ionospheric Total Electron Content by VLBI Global Observing System Data Analysis During the CONT17 Campaign

This article focuses on the new generation of geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), the VLBI global observing system (VGOS), and measurements carried out during the CONT17 campaign. It uses broadband technology that increases both the number and precision of observations. These characteristics make VGOS a suitable tool for studying the atmosphere. This study focuses on the effects of the ionosphere on VGOS signals using a model that incorporates and extends ideas originally published in Hobiger et al. (2006, ). Our investigation revealed that the differential total electron content (dTEC) data product calculated with the VGOS post-processing software had a sign error that fortunately, does not change the final values of the phase and group delay. Therefore, this study was a way to identify this problem within the dTEC product. After diagnosing and solving this problem, the underlying model was modified such that instead of considering a single unknown for the latitude gradient of the ionosphere, a time series of latitude gradients were considered that enhanced the resulting vertical total electron content (VTEC) estimates. For evaluation purposes, time series of VTEC at each station during the CONT17 campaign were compared with VTEC obtained from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The final agreement between VGOS and GNSS was between 1.1 and 5.9 TEC units (TECU).Peer reviewe

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAN Lactobacillus bulgaricus TERHADAP TITER ANTIBODI DAN PERTUMBUHAN PASCA VAKSINASI HOG CHOLERA PADA BABI

Classical Swine Fever (CSF) or hog cholera caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is an important infectious disease in domestic pigs and wild pigs because this disease has a high mortality and morbidity rate in susceptible livestock. One effective way to prevent the spread of hog cholera is to vaccinate at the age of 30 days or 43 days, which is the weaning age of pigs. Weaning age is a critical time in a production system because of disturbances in nutrition, the immune system and the physiological system. A probiotic diet such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus bulgaricus was done to minimize losses. This study aims to determine the response of antibody titres to hog cholera vaccination and to determine the growth rate of body weight among pigs after giving S. cerevisiae and L. bulgaricus as additional feed. The research sample of 27 pigs aged one month were divided into three groups, namely group A without giving probiotics as control, group B for pigs with S. cerevisiae yeast flour (50mg / kgBB) and group C for pigs with L fermentation. . bulgaricus (3ml / kgBW). Serum samples for ELISA test were collected on day 0 and day 21 after vaccination. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the antibody response before and after vaccination between S. cerevisiae and L. bulgaricus supplemental feeding due to high maternal antibodies. Body weight growth after giving S. cerevisiae yeast flour showed a significant difference (P<0.05) at day 0 to day 14 and day 14 to day 28 but did not show a significant difference (P > 0.05)

PENGARUH METODE APLIKASI VAKSINASI ANTRAKS TERHADAP SUHU TUBUH, FREKUENSI DENYUT JANTUNG DAN RESPIRASI DOMBA LOKAL

The anthrax disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis which is Gram- positive and rod-shaped. The disease attacks the herbivores and can also be transmitted in humans. Vaccination is one way that is used for the prevention of anthrax disease. The anthrax vaccinations still use live anthrax vaccine, containing Bacillus anthracis sprouts 34F2, toxigenic and not encapsulated and contain 10 million spores / ml in50% glycerine-NaCl physiologic solution and 0.5% saponin. The success of the anthrax vaccination program is strongly influenced bythe physiological status of the animal, the vaccine used and the givenmethod of administration and dosage. The World HealthOrganization recommends that the application of anthrax vaccine be done in two inoculation schedules of the first application of ¼ doses and then followed by full dose a month later. The side effects of vaccination reactions that lead to anaphylactic shock can be monitored and prevented by first measuring the physiological status of livestock in the form of temperature, pulsus and respiration in a certain period of time. The purpose of this study to determine whether there are differences in physiological parameters such as body temperature, heart frequency and respiration of sheep who received different doses of vaccination. 12 lambs were divided: first group of control, second group of full dose (0.5 cc) and third group of preinoculation dose (0.125 cc). Parameters measured in the morning and afternoon. Data analysis using variance Analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference in physiological parameters of body temperature, heart frequency and local sheep respiration given different methods of vaccination.

The white matter connectome as an individualized biomarker of language impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy.

ObjectiveThe distributed white matter network underlying language leads to difficulties in extracting clinically meaningful summaries of neural alterations leading to language impairment. Here we determine the predictive ability of the structural connectome (SC), compared with global measures of white matter tract microstructure and clinical data, to discriminate language impaired patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) from TLE patients without language impairment.MethodsT1- and diffusion-MRI, clinical variables (CVs), and neuropsychological measures of naming and verbal fluency were available for 82 TLE patients. Prediction of language impairment was performed using a robust tree-based classifier (XGBoost) for three models: (1) a CV-model which included demographic and epilepsy-related clinical features, (2) an atlas-based tract-model, including four frontotemporal white matter association tracts implicated in language (i.e., the bilateral arcuate fasciculus, inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus), and (3) a SC-model based on diffusion MRI. For the association tracts, mean fractional anisotropy was calculated as a measure of white matter microstructure for each tract using a diffusion tensor atlas (i.e., AtlasTrack). The SC-model used measurement of cortical-cortical connections arising from a temporal lobe subnetwork derived using probabilistic tractography. Dimensionality reduction of the SC was performed with principal components analysis (PCA). Each model was trained on 49 patients from one epilepsy center and tested on 33 patients from a different center (i.e., an independent dataset). Randomization was performed to test the stability of the results.ResultsThe SC-model yielded a greater area under the curve (AUC; .73) and accuracy (79%) compared to both the tract-model (AUC: .54, p < .001; accuracy: 70%, p < .001) and the CV-model (AUC: .59, p < .001; accuracy: 64%, p < .001). Within the SC-model, lateral temporal connections had the highest importance to model performance, including connections similar to language association tracts such as links between the superior temporal gyrus to pars opercularis. However, in addition to these connections many additional connections that were widely distributed, bilateral and interhemispheric in nature were identified as contributing to SC-model performance.ConclusionThe SC revealed a white matter network contributing to language impairment that was widely distributed, bilateral, and lateral temporal in nature. The distributed network underlying language may be why the SC-model has an advantage in identifying sub-components of the complex fiber networks most relevant for aspects of language performance

Lead identification and optimization of novel collagenase inhibitors; pharmacophore and structure based studies

In this study, chemical feature based pharmacophore models of MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 inhibitors have been developed with the aid of HypoGen module within Catalyst program package. In MMP-1 and MMP-13, all the compounds in the training set mapped HBA and RA, while in MMP-8, the training set mapped HBA and HY. These features revealed responsibility for the high molecular bioactivity, and this is further used as a three dimensional query to screen the knowledge based designed molecules. These pharmacophore models for collagenases picked up some potent and novel inhibitors. Subsequently, docking studies were performed for the potent molecules and novel hits were suggested for further studies based on the docking score and active site interactions in MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13

FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF FLURBIPROFEN EMULGEL

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate flurbiprofen (FLB) emulgel, evaluation of the formulations and the selection of an optimized formulation through in vitro drug release and drug content studies. Flurbiprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) requiring frequent administration and its chronic intake can lead to systemic side effects like gastric irritation and GI bleeding. The development of a dermal drug delivery system can overcome these side effects. Methods: The emulgel formulations were produced using different combinations of oil and emulsifying agents. Carbopol 940 was used as a gelling agent. The prepared emulgels were evaluated for general appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, in vitro drug release, average globule size and viscosity. Results: Optimized formulation F7 showed a better in vitro drug release compared to the marketed gel preparation. The stability study for the optimized formulation was carried out at 25 °C/60 % RH for 3 mo and the emulgel was found to be stable concerning the physical appearance, pH and drug content. Conclusion: The study revolved around the formulation of emulgel containing Flurbiprofen for dermal delivery of the drug. Emulgel was formulated with the purpose to enhance the permeation of poorly water-soluble drug FLB. The study concluded that the optimized emulgel containing FLB exhibited better in vitro drug release profile compared to the marketed formulation