Steinert's syndrome presenting as anal incontinence: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Myotonic dystrophy (MD) or Steinert's syndrome is a rare cause of chronic diarrhea and anal incontinence. In the presence of chronic diarrhea and fecal incontinence with muscle weakness, neuromuscular disorders such as myotonic dystrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>We present the case of a 45-year-old Turkish man with Steinert's syndrome, who was not diagnosed until the age of 45.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In clinical practice, the persistence of diarrhea and fecal incontinence with muscle weakness should suggest that the physician perform an anal manometric study and electromyography. Neuromuscular disorders such as myotonic dystrophy should be considered in the differential diagnosis.</p

Conductive polyaniline poly(methyl methacrylate) films obtained by electropolymerization

Electrochemical polymerization of aniline, on a Pt foil electrode coated with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), produces a homogeneous, free-standing, flexible, and conductive polymer film. The conductivity of the films depends on the aniline content and reaches 0.1-0.2 S/cm for films having aniline content of 15% or more. The optimum thickness of precoated PMMA to obtain durable conducting films was found to be in the range of 10-15 mu m. Cyclic voltammetric investigation revealed that aniline exhibits a similar electrochemical behavior on a PMMA coated platinum electrode similar to a bare Pt surface. The film gives a fast and reproducible response against ammonia gas within a concentration range of 1.0-0.01%. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that the films have a rough structure consisting of globular regions. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc

Conductive Composite Films Prepared Using Undoped Polyaniline And Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)

In this study, undoped polyaniline-poly(methyl methacrylate) films were cast from solutions containing different amounts of soluble part of undoped polyaniline and poly(methyl methacrylate) in dimethylformamide. The films contained undoped polyaniline up to 60% since the solubility of undoped polyaniline in dimethylformamide was 1.14 g/100 mL. The conductivity of undoped polyaniline-poly(methyl methacrylate) films were investigated after being redoped in some acids such as oxalic, nitric, and hydrochloric acids. When the films doped with hydrochloric acid was kept in air, the conductivity decreased gradually by 32%. Their temperature sensor behavior was examined in the range of -15 to 120 degreesC. The characterization of films was performed by conductivity measurement, FT-IR, UV, and TGA techniques.WoSScopu

ELECTROINITIATED POLYMERIZATION OF N-VINYLCARBAZOLE BY DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER

Electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole has been accomplished by constant potential electrolysis. It was found that direct electron transfer from the monomer to the anode initiates the polymerization even at a potential as low as +0.95 V versus Ag−/ Ag+. Dichloromethane was used as the solvent, and the electrolyte was tetrabutylammonium fluoroborate. Conversions as high as 86% were reached even when a microelectrode was used. Effects of electrode area, temperature, and electrode potential on polymerization were studied. Percent conversion was followed by cyclic voltammetry

Adsorption behavior of copper(II) ion from aqueous solution on methacrylic acid-crafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

WOS: 000084395300005The adsorption behavior of methacrylic acid-grafted poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers was studied toward the copper(II) ion in aqueous solutions by a batch equilibriation technique. The influence of treatment time, temperature, pH of the solution, metal ion concentration, and graft yield were considered. One hour of adsorption time was found sufficient to reach adsorption equilibrium for the copper(II) ion. It was found that the adsorption isotherm of Cu(II)fits Langmuir-type isotherms. The adsorption process is not affected by the temperature when treated with low ion concentration, but is remarkably decreased at a high ion concentration. The heat of adsorption value was calculated as 0.71 kcal/mol. It was found that the reactive fibers are stable and regenerable by acid without losing their activity. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons

The conductive polyaniline/poly(ethylene terephthalate) composite fabrics

Conductive composite fabrics were prepared by chemical polymerization of aniline on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics in the aqueous hydrochloride acid solutions using potassium dichromate as the oxidant. The effect of the polymerization conditions such as temperature, oxidant, aniline and hydrochloride acid concentrations was investigated on the electrical surface resistance and polyaniline (PAn) content of PAn/PET composite fabrics. The maximum PAn content and the lower electrical resistance of composite fabrics were observed at the HCl concentrations of 0.25 M and 1.5 M, respectively. The electrical surface resistance of the PAn/PET composite fabrics was decreased under vacuum five-fold more than the ones kept under in air. The properties of PAn/PET composite fabrics such as density, diameter and moisture regain were also investigated in comparison with the those of pure PET. The conductive composite fabrics were characterized by surface resistance, FTIR and TGA techniques

Synteza i charakterystyka Poli(N-etylo aniliny) / Talk

A new substituted polyaniline/layered talc conductive composite material were synthesized chemically using ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agent in aqueous HCl medium. The oxidant type, N-ethyl aniline to oxidant mole ratio and N-ethyl aniline concentration on the PNEAn content and conductivity of the composite were investigated as the effect of the polymerization conditions. Optimum reaction conditions were outlined as NEAn/oxidant ratio 1 and 0.2 M NEAn monomer concentration with (NH4)2S2O8 on the poly(N-ethyl aniline) yield and conductivity. The conductive composites were characterized by two probe technique for surface resistance and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The increased thermal stability of the composite compared to that of pure polymer was obtained by the thermogravimetric analysis method.Nowy przewodzący materiał kompozytowy podstawiony polianiliną/warstwowany talkiem zsyntetyzowano chemicznie przy użyciu nadtlenodisiarczanu amonu jako czynnika utleniającego w wodnym kwasie chlorowodorowym. Badano rodzaj utleniacza, anilinę N-etylową do stosunku molowego utleniacza oraz stężenie aniliny N-etylowej w PNEAn [Poly( N-ethyl aniline)] oraz przewodność kompozytu co jednocześnie było skutkiem warunków polimeryzacji. Optymalnymi warunkami jakie określono dla reakcji to NEAn/utleniacz w stosunku 1 oraz 0,2M stężenie monomeru NEAn wraz z (NH4)2S2O8 na polianilinie N-etylowej. Kompozyty przewodzące zostały scharakteryzowane przez badanie oporu powierzchni oraz analizę termograwimetryczną (TGA). Zwiększona stabilność termiczna kompozytu została porównana do tej z czystego polimeru została określona przez metodę termograwimetryczną

ELECTROINITIATED POLYMERIZATION OF BIS(4-BROMO-2,6-DICHLOROPHENOXO)N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE COPPER(II) COMPLEX

Electroinitiated polymerization of bis(4-bromo-2,6-dichlorophenoxo)N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine copper(II) complex was achieved upon oxidation. Prior to polymerization a cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the complex was obtained. Polymerization potentials were selected as the oxidation and reduction peak potentials of the complex, obtained by CV. Polymers in the form of poly(dihalophenylene oxide), were obtained by constant potential electrolyses carried out at redox peak potentials of the complex. No ligand or copper was found to incorporate into the final polymer product. The mechanism of polymerization was found to be free radicalic. It was also found that post-polymerization proceeds in the absence of current, when current is ceased after approximately 10 minutes of electrolysis. Percent conversions of polymerization had been measured by an electrochemical technique via simultaneous measurement of reacted monomer concentration. In order to follow the reacted monomer concentration by simultaneous CV measurement, a special H-type electrolysis cell with six electrodes was constructed. Polymers were characterized by 1H-n.m.r., 13C-n.m.r. and FTi.r. spectroscopy along with molecular weight measurements by the isopiestic method

ELECTROINITIATED POLYMERIZATION OF BIS(TRIBROMOPHENOXO)-N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE COPPER(II) COMPLEX

Tribromophenol copper(II) complexes with ligands such as pyridine and ethylenediamine are known to polymerize thermally. Generally, high temperature is required for thermal polymerization of such complexes. Thermal polymerization of trihalophenol copper(II) complexes in toluene has an induction period of c. 30 min. Electroinitiated polymerization of trihalophenol copper(II) complexes has also been accomplished recently using pyridine or ethylenediamine as ligands. However, the above mentioned copper(II) complexes cannot be polymerized electro‐chemically in acetonitrile. When pyridine and ethylenediamine are used as ligands, such complexes rapidly polymerize in acetonitrile without the passage of any current even at room temperature. Therefore, the electrochemical polymerization of trihalophenol copper(II) complexes with pyridine and ethylenediamine ligands must be carried out in dimethylformamide. In the present work, electroinitiated polymerization of bis(2,4,6‐tribromo‐phenoxo)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine copper(II) complex (TBPTD) was accomplished for the first time in acetonitrile. When N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylene diamine is used as the ligand in the preparation of tribromophenol copper(II) complex it is found that acetonitrile can be used as solvent. This complex does not polymerize in acetonitrile without the application of potential. Electroinitiated polymerization of TBPTD was carried out by constant potential electrolysis, at each anodic peak potential of the complex. These potentials of TBPTD were measured, in advance, by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile. Electrolysis of TBPTD yielded polymers in the anode compartment only. Electroinitated polymerization of this monomer exhibited no induction period in contrast to the case of thermal polymerization. The reacted monomer concentration was simultaneously followed by cyclic voltammetry, in the same electrolysis cell. This process was accomplished by a specially designed H‐type cell equipped with six electrodes. Use of cyclic voltammetry for simultaneous in‐situ monitoring of reacted monomer concentrations was found to be more accurate, quicker and more reproducible than gas chromatography or spectroscopy. Polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13CNMR spectral analyses as well as measurement of molecular weight by the isopiestic method