Effective Field Theory for Chaotic CFTs

We derive an effective field theory for general chaotic two-dimensional conformal field theories with a large central charge. The theory is a specific and calculable instance of a more general framework recently proposed in [1]. We discuss the gauge symmetries of the model and how they relate to the Lyapunov behaviour of certain correlators. We calculate the out-of-time-ordered correlators diagnosing quantum chaos, as well as certain more fine-grained higher-point generalizations, using our Lorentzian effective field theory. We comment on potential future applications of the effective theory to real-time thermal physics and conformal field theory.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor improvements, added paragraph on higher spin exchanges; v3: minor improvements, added reference, published versio

Closed Strings in Misner Space: Cosmological Production of Winding Strings

Misner space, also known as the Lorentzian orbifold $R^{1,1}/boost$, is one of the simplest examples of a cosmological singularity in string theory. In this work, the study of weakly coupled closed strings on this space is pursued in several directions: (i) physical states in the twisted sectors are found to come in two kinds: short strings, which wind along the compact space-like direction in the cosmological (Milne) regions, and long strings, which wind along the compact time-like direction in the (Rindler) whiskers. The latter can be viewed as infinitely long static open strings, stretching from Rindler infinity to a finite radius and folding back onto themselves. (ii) As in the Schwinger effect, tunneling between these states corresponds to local pair production of winding strings. The tunneling rate approaches unity as the winding number $w$ gets large, as a consequence of the singular geometry. (iii) The one-loop string amplitude has singularities on the moduli space, associated to periodic closed string trajectories in Euclidean time. In the untwisted sector, they can be traced to the combined existence of CTCs and Regge trajectories in the spectrum. In the twisted sectors, they indicate pair production of winding strings. (iv) At a classical level and in sufficiently low dimension, the condensation of winding strings can indeed lead to a bounce, although the required initial conditions are not compatible with Misner geometry at early times. (v) The semi-classical analysis of winding string pair creation can be generalized to more general (off-shell) geometries. We show that a regular geometry regularizes the divergence at large winding number.Comment: 46 pages, 5 figures, uses JHEP3.cls; v2: title changed and other minor improvements, final version to appear in JCA

Fine-Grained Chaos in AdS2AdS_2 Gravity

Quantum chaos can be characterized by an exponential growth of the thermal out-of-time-order four-point function up to a scrambling time $\widehat{u}_*$. We discuss generalizations of this statement for certain higher-point correlation functions. For concreteness, we study the Schwarzian theory of a one-dimensional time reparametrization mode, which describes $AdS_2$ gravity and the low-energy dynamics of the SYK model. We identify a particular set of $2k$-point functions, characterized as being both "maximally braided" and "k-OTO", which exhibit exponential growth until progressively longer timescales $\widehat{u}^{(k)}_* = (k-1)\widehat{u}_*$. We suggest an interpretation as scrambling of increasingly fine-grained measures of quantum information, which correspondingly take progressively longer time to reach their thermal values.Comment: 8 pages; v2: minor clarifications, typos, added ref

Dynamics of the Scarcity of Al Jam'atul Washliyah Ulama, North Sumatra

The dynamics of the Al Jam'iyatul Washliyah organization in North Sumatra, Indonesia, in the past, present, and future are covered in this essay. Al Washliyah is a group that has its roots in the city of Medan and has grown there while being influenced by the clergy and undergoing numerous dynamics. The findings of this study show that Al Wasliyah has outstanding academics who help the people of North Sumatra gain knowledge and insight in the area of religion. Al Washliyah must be mindful of the shortage of academics that exist in the midst of its organization as we approach the turn of the century. If Al Washliyah wants to avoid falling behind and losing its clerical traditions, it must act promptly to carry out the upkeep of its clerical curriculum

Patterns Of Distribution Total Suspended Solid (Tss) In River Estuary Kampar Pelalawan

This study was conducted in April 2016 in Kuala Kampar estuary watersPelalawan. The purpose of this study to determine the level of the distributionpattern of suspended solids in the Kampar River Estuary at high tide to the ebband flow toward the post method used in this research is survey method, namelythe study sample was obtained in the field are considered to represent the Islandwaters Mendol, then the samples were analyzed in laboratories to test TSS (TotalSuspended Solid) distribution pattern of total suspended solids in waters KamparRiver Estuary seen that the accumulation of suspended particles at low tide andthe tide heading toward downs, TSS distribution pattern is at the highest value atthe time of ebb tide toward which the values obtained range from 500-1500 mg / l,This indicates that the incoming flow pattern during ebb tide towards very high tothe north. While the TSS distribution pattern that went into the water at low tide tothe obtained value of 700-1100 mg / l where the distribution pattern heading southlocation research

Takhrij Hadith Mengadhankan Bayi Dalam Kitab Tarbiyat Al-awlad Abdullah Nasih Ulwan

Adhan for newborns is one of the traditions of a people based on several hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad. After doing some research on the sanad of the hadith, it can be concluded that the hadith had of three lines: Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud. Hadiths are weak because of all `` As{im ibn Ubaidullah, according to scholars of jarh{ wa ta'di>l, is considered weak and munkar al-hadith. But, the hadith of can be practiced (ma'mu>l bih) and could rise to the level of hadith hasan li ghayrih. This means that echoes adhan in both ears newborns areamong the sunnah, even if these problems get in khilafiyah

Tradisi Keulamaan Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah Sumatera Utara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana tradisi keulamaan di Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah Sumatera Utara. Ada dua masalah yang dikemukakan dalam penelitian ini: Pertama, bagaimana peranan lembaga pendidikan Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah dalam menghasilkan ulama; Kedua, bagaimana aktivitas ulama Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah dan relevansinya di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah Kuntowijoyo, dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah: pemilihan topik, pengumpulan data, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik studi dokumentasi, observasi, literatur dan wawancara. Temuan penelitian ini menginformasikan: Pertama, Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah memiliki peranan yang besar dalam reproduksi keulamaan di Sumatera Utara. Dapat dilihat dari jumlah lembaga pendidikannya yang tersebar di Sumatera Utara dari yang terendah sampai tertinggi. Kedua, Aktivitas ulama Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah dapat dipetakan pada beberapa kegiatan yang meliputi; pendidikan, dakwah, amal sosial, politik dan ekonomi. Sejauh ini aktivitas tersebut memberikan kontribusi dan relevan di tengah masyarakat Sumatera Utara. Sampai saat ini kehadirannya di tengah-tengah masyarakat masih dibutuhkan, terutama produk keulamaannya, dengan argumen. Pertama, Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah tetap mempertahankan tradisi keulamaannya dengan nilai- nilai tradisional sesuai dengan cita-cita pendirinya. Kedua, Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah menyediakan lembaga pendidikan, dakwah, amal sosial, politik dan ekonomi yang menjadi sumber kehidupan bagi anggotanya. Ketiga, Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah mampu meningkatkan pemahaman agama Islam terhadap masyarakat Sumatera Utara