Statistical analysis of rootstock experiments as providing a definition of the terms vigour and affinity in grapes

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Equitable Development on the Richmond Highway Corridor in Richmond, Virginia

This professional plan supports the work of Virginia Community Voice to organize with neighbors advocating for equitable development of Richmond’s Southside neighborhoods along the Richmond Highway (formerly known as the Jefferson Davis Highway Corridor). Virginia Community Voice is a community-based non-profit organization with a mission to equip neighbors in historically marginalized communities to realize their vision for their neighborhoods and prepare institutions to respond. As redevelopment rapidly increases, Virginia Community Voice seeks to create an “equitable development scorecard” that reflects the desires and needs of residents for housing and business development along the Richmond Highway in the City of Richmond. Virginia Community Voice will use the scorecard to equip neighbors with tools to prevent displacement, hold policymakers and developers accountable, and retool the power structures at play with community development to better allow the neighbors’ visions of their community to lead development decisions. This plan identifies opportunities for neighbors to take control of development in their own community and formulates a strategy for ongoing organizing and community collaboration. The analysis explores gentrification and displacement, community development practices, and envisions examples of community change building from the desires of current community members. Utilizing an asset-based and radical-planning approach to create a people-focused equitable development plan that represents the neighbors’ vision of their community, Virginia Community Voice and community members can influence the direction of development on Richmond’s Southside along the Richmond Highway Corridor

A technique for improving the germinability of grape seeds for breeding purposes

A method, using bunches from pre-rooted cuttings which are defoliated very early during bud burst, allows the cultivation of fruiting plants in the glasshouse. The germinability of the seeds obtained in this way is improved, which permits, in particular, progenies of an early mutant of the cultivar "Cot", the seeds of which obtained in the field do practically never germinate.Une technique pour améliorer la germinabilité des graines de vigne pour les besoinsde l'améliorationUne technique, consistant à obtenir des grappes sur des boutures préenracinées puis soumises à un effeuillage très précoce au débourrement, permet de cultiver des plantes fructifères en serre. Les graines ainsi obtenues ont une proportion de germination meilleure, ce qui a permis en particulier d'obtenir des descendants d'un mutant précoce du Cot dont les graines obtenues au champ ne germent pratiquement jamais.

Les vignes sauvages comme sources de gènes pour l'amélioration

Le genre Vitis existe et croît spontanément dans tout l'hémisphère nord, du Japon à la Californie, vern l'ouest, avec seulement quelques lacunes sur les continents et entre les latitudes de 10 à 55° .La diversité des milieux compris dans ce vaste domaine implique une variation génétique importante dans le genre Vitis. Ceci est renforcé par l'incidence variable des parasites suivant les régions et le développement corrélatif des résistances. Le fait que, sauf pour les Muscadiniées, il semble n'exister aucune barrière génétique entre les «espèces» de Vitis devrait rendre facile l'utilisation de cette variation pour l'amélioration.On donnera des exemples de caractères qui peuvent être recherchés chez les vignes sauvages, en essayant de sortir du cadre classique des résistances aux maladies. Une section finale sera consacrée à l'importance des V. vinifera sauvages en Europe pour la théorie de l'origine des variétés de vigne et pour l'amélioration.Wild growing vines as gene resources in breedingThe genus "Vitis" is found growing spontaneously throughout the whole northern hemisphere from Japan to California, westwards, with but a few terrestrial gaps, approximately between the latitudes 100 and 550 .The variety of environments that this huge domain encompasses implies a correspondingly important genetical variation within the genus. This is only increased by the variable prevalence of parasites according to the regions, and the correlative evolution of resistances.The fact that, with the exception of Muscadinae, there seem to exist no genetic barriers between the "species" of Vitis should make it very easy to use this variation in breeding.Examples will be given of traits that may be sought for in wild growing vines, with an attempt to look beyond the now classical search for disease resistance. In a final section, interest will be focussed to the importance of wild-growing Vitis vinifera in Europe for the theory of the origin of varieties of grapes and for breeding

Gender And Executive Pay In The S&P Mid-Cap And Small-Cap Companies

Gender pay equity among all levels of workers is a topic of interest to the public as well as to business researchers. Catalyst, a non-profit group devoted to the advancement of women in management, noted that women executives were paid only 68% of the earnings of their male counterparts in 1997. In this current study of the S&P Mid-Cap and Small-Cap companies, we find that variations in annual and long-term executive pay are generally not associated with gender, but rather with the size of the company, CEO pay (a control for pay-scale strategy), and whether the executive is in a line position. While women appear to be earnings equal amounts of total remuneration in these smaller companies, it should be noted that only 3.6% of the S&P Mid-Cap and Small-Cap five top-paid executives were female in 1998

Utilisation possible du Chasselas comme variété indicatrice de l'enroulement

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Le Chasselas Gros Coulard - Mutant Tétraploïde

Le Chasselas Gros Coulard est une mutation tétraploïde comme le prouvent la numération des chromosomes et l' examen des caractères secondaires comme la taille des stomates, des pépins et des baies, le nombre de chloroplastes des cellules péristomatiques.Il est probablement possible d'obtenir par semis des types tétraploïdes plus fertiles. Ceux-ci présenteraient un gros intérêt pratique pour la production du raisin de table, du fait de la taille de leurs baies

Observations sur le cycle du detérminisme de la production chez la Vigne à l'occasion de la mise au point d'une méthode d'infection artificielle par le mildiou (Plasmopara viticola) pour l'évaluation des fongicides au champ

L'étude biométrique d'un essai destine à la mise au point d'une méthode d'appreciation de la valeur de produits fongicides (anti-mildiou), montre que la technique de brumisation permet de faire des essais valides même dans des conditions climatiques peu propices au mildiou car on obtient une infection sévère et uniforme, et l'ordre de classement des produits est sensiblement Je meme qu'en conditions naturelles.Les plantes ayant subi des destructions du feuillage très diverses suivant les traitements on été étudiées pendant trois ans. Cette étude démontre l'existence du cycle de trois ans: constitution de réserves, initiation florale, production de grappes déjà postulé par ailleurs.Observations on the cycle determining the yield of the grapevine made while perfecting a method of artificial infection by mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in order to evaluate fungicides in the fieldSpraying a water mist ("brumisation") during the summer months results in a strong and even downy mildew infection on one year old rooted vine cuttings grown in the field. This makes comparative trials of fungicides possible even in unfavourable (dry) years.Such a trial, involving four levels (spray formulations) of the fungicides factor, two levels (with or without) of the mist factor, with five replications in plots of six plants, resulted in a set of plants having suffered various degrees of foliage destruction. Measuring these plants during three successive years, starting with the differential treatment year, provided the basis for checking an hypothesis on the determination of yield in the grapevine.Progressive analysis of variance of regressions (WooLF 1951) was used in the interpretation of results.Vigour in the second year was negatively correlated with foliar damage in the first year. In turn, number of bunches in the third year was correlated with vigour in the second year, hence with foliar damage in the first year.This lends support to the hypothesis that, in the grapevine, there is a three year cycle leading to the harvested clusters.On an adult plant, three cycles are simultaneously at work at every moment. These cycles are competing for energy fixed by photosynthesls; hormonal correlations that may be correlated with energy (carbohydrates) storage, for instance through its influence on root system volume, are also at play.The implications of these results, especially for experimental work with the grapevine, are discussed

Rank-(n – 1) convexity and quasiconvexity for divergence free fields

The CAST experiment at CERN (European Organization of Nuclear Research) searches for axions from the sun. The axion is a pseudoscalar particle that was motivated by theory thirty years ago, with the intention to solve the strong CP problem. Together with the neutralino, the axion is one of the most promising dark matter candidates. The CAST experiment has been taking data during the last two years, setting an upper limit on the coupling of axions to photons more restrictive than from any other solar axion search in the mass range below 0.1 eV. In 2005 CAST will enter a new experimental phase extending the sensitivity of the experiment to higher axion masses. The CAST experiment strongly profits from technology developed for high energy physics and for X-ray astronomy: A superconducting prototype LHC magnet is used to convert potential axions to detectable X-rays in the 1-10 keV range via the inverse Primakoff effect. The most sensitive detector system of CAST is a spin-off from space technology, a Wolter I type X-ray optics in combination with a prototype pn-CCD developed for ESA's XMM-Newton mission. As in other rare event searches, background suppression and a thorough shielding concept is essential to improve the sensitivity of the experiment to the best possible. In this context CAST offers the opportunity to study the background of pn-CCDs and its long term behavior in a terrestrial environment with possible implications for future space applications. We will present a systematic study of the detector background of the pn-CCD of CAST based on the data acquired since 2002 including preliminary results of our background simulations.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Proc. SPIE 5898, UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XI