360 research outputs found
Endoparasitic insights of free-living fin (Balaenoptera physalus), Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) from Eastern Canadian Waters
Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.Purpose: To date, little is still known on parasite infections affecting free-living large whale populations worldwide. Data presented should be considered as a baseline study for future monitoring surveys on endoparasites affecting whales, thereby enhancing investigations on impacts of zoonotic parasitoses not only on vulnerable or endangered baleen whale population health but also on public health. Methods: The presented study is a first report on gastrointestinal parasites infecting different free-living baleen whales inhabiting East Canadian waters using non-invasive methods. Individual faecal samples from fin (n = 3; Balaenoptera physalus), humpback (n = 4; Megaptera novaeangliae) and North Atlantic right whales (n = 1; Eubalaena glacialis) were collected without animal disturbance, within their natural habitats on an ecological expedition during annual surveys in summer 2017. Faecal samples were assessed by standardized diagnostic methods, such as sodium acetate acetic formalin (SAF) technique, carbol fuchsin-stained faecal smears, Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISAs and were applied for further identification. Results: Parasitological infections included three different potentially zoonotic parasite species, one protozoa (Entamoeba spp.) and two metazoans (Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp., Ascaridida indet.). No positive Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISA could be found in the studied whales. Conclusion: This study adds to the current knowledge of intestinal and zoonotic parasite infections of vulnerable to partly endangered free-ranging baleen whales. Only few or no parasitological studies exist for these whale species, usually dealing with only one dead specimen. We call for more research in this field especially for the importance of conservation of free-living marine mammals using non-invasive methods.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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Novel detection of provenance in the illegal wildlife trade using elemental data
Ā© 2018, The Author(s). Despite being the fourth largest criminal market in the world, no forensic tools have been sufficiently developed to accurately determine the legal status of seized animals and their parts. Although legal trading is permissible for farmed or captive-bred animals, many animals are illegally removed from the wild and laundered by masquerading them as captive bred. Here we present high-resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a non-invasive and cost-effective tool for forensic classification. We tested the efficacy of this technique by using machine learning on a training set of zoo specimens and wild-caught individuals of short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a small insectivorous monotreme in Australia. XRF outperformed stable isotope analysis (Ī“13C, Ī“15N), reducing overall classification error below 4%. XRF has the added advantage of providing samples every 200 Ī¼m on a single quill, enabling 100% classification accuracy by taking the consensus of votes per quill. This accurate and cost-effective forensic technique could provide a much needed in situ solution for combating the illegal laundering of wildlife, and conversely, assist with certification of legally bred animals
Phase IIIa-CCS: Latitudinal variation of upwelling, retention, nutrient supply and freshwater effects in the California Current System
US-GLOBEC NEP AbstractThis proposal requests funding to: a) synthesize the moored current meter, shore-based HF radar, ship-based
hydrographic, and remotely sensed data from the GLOBEC Northeast Pacific (NEP) Long-Term Observation
Program (LTOP) and related programs into a coherent, best description of the mesoscale variability along the
Pacific Northwest coast from 42 to 48N; and b) relate this physical variability to primary production,
zooplankton distributions, and salmon year-class strength in the region. The long-term moorings will allow
quantification of the relevant time scales from internal waves to the inter-annual; the satellite images of sea
surface temperature and chlorophyll will show the spatial scales; and the HF surface fields will allow timeand
space-varying statistics of the mesoscale currents and quasi-Lagrangian pathways to be assessed. The
primary scientific objective will be to characterize the alongshelf variability in the upwelling, the nutrients it
supplies to the photic zone for utilization by marine organisms, and the retention times of plankton. This
variability is affected by the alongshore distribution of the wind stress and fresh water input, by the changes
in the bottom topography and coastline orientation, and by pre-conditioning established by inter-annual
variability and climate change
Statistical properties of nearāsurface flow in the California coastal transition zone
The article of record as published may be found at https://doi.org/10.1029/91JC01072During the summers of 1987 and 1988, 77 near-surface satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in or near cold filaments near Point Arena, California (39Ā°N), and tracked for up to 6 months as part of the Coastal Transition Zone (CTZ) program. The drifters had large drogues centered at 15 m, and the resulting drifter trajectory data set has been analyzed in terms of its Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics. The CTZ drifter results show that the California Current can be characterized in summer and fall as a meandering coherent jet which on average flows southward to at least 30Ā°N, the southern end of the study domain. From 39Ā°N south to about 33Ā°N, the typical core velocities are of O(50 cm sā1) and the current meanders have alongshore wavelengths of O (300 km) and onshore-offshore amplitude of O(100ā200 km). The lateral movement of this jet leads to large eddy kinetic energies and large eddy diffusivities, especially north of 36Ā°N. The initial onshore-offshore component of diffusivity is always greater than the alongshore component in the study domain, but at the southern end, the eddy diffusivity is more isotropic, with scalar single particle diffusivity (Kxx + Kyy) of O(8 Ć 107 cm2 sā1). The eddy diffusivity increases with increasing eddy energy. Finally, a simple volume budget for the 1988 filament observed near 37Ā°N off Point Arena suggests that subduction can occur in a filament at an average rate of O (10 m dā1) some 200 km offshore, thus allowing the cold water initially in the filament core to sink below the warmer ambient water by the time the surface velocity core has turned back onshore. This process explains why satellite temperature and color imagery tend to āseeā only flow proceeding offshore
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