Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease/Redox Factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) redox function negatively regulates NRF2

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) (henceforth referred to as Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that in addition to its base excision DNA repair activity exerts redox control of multiple transcription factors, including nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), STAT3, activator protein-1 (AP-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and tumor protein 53 (p53). In recent years, Ref-1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer, particularly in pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Although a significant amount of research has centered on Ref-1, no wide-ranging approach had been performed on the effects of Ref-1 inhibition and transcription factor activity perturbation. Starting with a broader approach, we identified a previously unsuspected effect on the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2), a critical regulator of cellular defenses against oxidative stress. Based on genetic and small molecule inhibitor-based methodologies, we demonstrated that repression of Ref-1 potently activates NRF2 and its downstream targets in a dose-dependent fashion, and that the redox, rather than the DNA repair function of Ref-1 is critical for this effect. Intriguingly, our results also indicate that this pathway does not involve reactive oxygen species. The link between Ref-1 and NRF2 appears to be present in all cells tested in vitro, noncancerous and cancerous, including patient-derived tumor samples. In particular, we focused on understanding the implications of the novel interaction between these two pathways in primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor cells and provide the first evidence that this mechanism has implications for overcoming the resistance against experimental drugs targeting Ref-1 activity, with clear translational implications

Bio- Matric Intelligent ATM System

Now a day, peoples have multiple bank accounts so money transactions play a vital role in the nature of trade. Today, ATMs and Credit cards are used for this purpose, the authentication of these transactions are unsecure. To overcome this shortcoming of money transactions, we proposes the idea of using fingerprints of customers as login multiple banking password in place of traditional pin number. Here, if the fingerprint is recognized, then it display the multiple banking screen. Then we can choose the bank which we need for transaction. The remaining feature are same as i.e., a reference fingerprint of the nominee or a close family member of the customer can be used if the customer is not available in case of emergencies. This proposed business model helps the society, mainly the rural people, by enhancing the security using Fingerprint recognition in Digital image processing. As the fingerprint of every person is unique and unchangeable, this biometric feature is used over the others

In vitro anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effect of Citrus reticulata- and Citrus limonum-incorporated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is an excellent biocompatible material with osteoconductive potential. Numerous studies have reported the potential role of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in bone tissue engineering because of their bone cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Likewise, citrus fruits possess anti-oxidant properties. Anti-oxidants are found to reduce oxidative stress, which in turn is found to be effective in bone remodelling. Also, the ease, cheap availability, and potential benefits make citrus fruits a material of choice. So, this study aimed to green synthesize Citrus reticulata- and Citrus limonum-mediated HAP nanoparticles. The green synthesis of C. reticulata- and C. limonum-mediated HAP nanoparticles were conducted and the anti-inflammatory properties of the nanoparticles were assessed using the membrane stabilization assay, the bovine serum albumin denaturation assay, and the egg albumin denaturation assay. The cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was also assessed, and the assay used for evaluation was brine shrimp lethality. The successful green synthesis of C. reticulata- and C. limonum-mediated HAP nanoparticles was done. Also, the results revealed that the anti-inflammatory actions of the green synthesized nanoparticle are comparable with the standard. Based on the study results, it was revealed that the green synthesized C. reticulata- and C. limonum-mediated HAP nanoparticles are non-cytotoxic and possess anti-inflammatory activity

Hybrid Elephant Herding Optimization Approach for Cluster Head Selection And Secure Data Transmission In Wsn Using Hybrid Approach Cryptography Techniques

Introduction: The wireless nature of sensor networks makes safe transfer of data from one node to another a major challenge in communications. Sensing tasks connect these sensor nodes which have limitations of memories and energies. Cryptography techniques are utilised to handle critical issues of security in these networks. The performance of large-scale networks is enhanced in this case by optimisation algorithm mimicking natural behaviours.Methods: This work uses H-EHO (Hybrid Elephant Herding Optimisation technique based on Individual strategies to enhance cluster head selections in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) and thus extend networks’ lifetime. WSNs complete cluster head selection processes, and proposed optimisation approach which selects cluster heads based on tracking of sensor nodes for enhancements. The clan operators of optimisation algorithms are adjusted to handle random walk scale factors of elephants. Clusters of WSNs elect updated sensor nodes in principle. Hybrid algorithm HSR19, a novel security symmetric technique offers greater security during data transfers. It offers integrity, confidentiality, and authentication for cryptographic primary keys. Results: The output of the simulation demonstrates the energy consumption, network longevity, end to end delay, and secure data transfer metrics. The results for choosing an effective and time-efficient cluster head selection process for WSNs are improved by contrasting the two approaches. Conclusion: This comparison also shows the efficiency of communication devices in terms of calculation times for encoding, decoding and energies consumed for various file size

Biopesticidal Potential of Lippia javanica (Burm. F) Spreng. Leaf Extracts and their Fractions against Spodoptera litura (Fab.)

Three organic solvent extracts of Lippia javanica leaves were screened for their antifeedant and larvicidal activities against the 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura at 5% concentration. The maximum antifeedant and larvicidal activities were recorded in ethyl acetate extract (76.57%) for antifeedant and (90.40%) for larvicidal activity, followed by chloroform and hexane extracts. Ten fractions were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of L. javanica by using different combinations of hexane and ethyl acetate as the mobile phase through column chromatography. The fractions were screened at 1000 ppm concentrations for antifeedant and larvicidal activities. Fraction 10 (71.75%) was found to be the most effective one, followed by fraction 4 (61.32%) and fraction 7 (60.58%) for antifeedant acitivity. At a 1000 ppm concentration, fraction 3 exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (79.20%) against S. litura, followed by fraction 1 (76.0%), while fractions 5 and 6 have shown equal activity. Quantitative protein analysis revealed that treatment with the eighth fraction reduced the haemolymph protein drastically (1.52 mg/mL) compared to control (2.84 mg/mL) and other fractions. In the reference control azadirachtin treatment, the haemolymph protein quantity was found to be nearly the same (1.4 mg/mL) as that of the eighth fraction. Treatment with the first and second fractions resulted in increased haemolymph protein (8 and 7.6 mg/mL, respectively). The bio-efficacy of L. javanica in pest management is discussed

Ecological Insights into the Predatory Behaviour of Condylostylus longicornis in Agricultural Fields of Madurai District, India

Researchers affiliated with the Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology at Vivekananda College in Tiruvedakam West, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, along with collaborators from other institutions, have observed a rare predatory behaviour of long-legged fly Condylostylus longicornis (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in the agroecosystem of the Sholavandan region in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu. In general, C. longicornis favours environments that are close to marshes, streams, meadows, or forests and that are slightly shaded. C. longicornis is considered an optimal bio-indicator species for monitoring and conserving water quality.  This article provides an overview of the history, behavioural characteristics, and ecological significance of C. longicornis

Hip Implant Design using Stainless Steel 316L for Enhanced Stability and Patient Comfort

In a hip replacement procedure, the damaged bone and cartilage are removed and replaced with an artificial component known as prosthesis. Despite advancements in implant sterilization, design, fixation techniques, and the introduction of robotic surgery, a persistent challenge is to identify an optimal, patient-specific hip implant that meets individual criteria. The primary objective of the proposed study was to create a highly accurate patient-specific hip implant by standardizing the existing design. The secondary objective aimed to demonstrate the superiority of a customized design over a conventional one. Geometric measurements of the hip were extracted from CT scans using MIMICS 20.0 software, and the implant design was developed using SolidWorks. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed for meshing and analyzing the planned implant. Comparative research through FEA analysis indicated that a customized implant made from SSL 13 material outperformed the standard implant, showcasing its suitability for the patients studied

Exploring the potential of amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarrier to conjugate guide RNA for gene delivery

Sugarcane is a key cash crop, with nations such as Brazil, India, and China being the leading producers. The trade of sugar and related products contributes significantly to these economies. Sugarcane is the primary feedstock for producing sugar and ethanol in the sugarcane processing industry, yielding sugarcane bagasse fly ash (SBFA) as a byproduct. This byproduct comes primarily from the combustion of bagasse (the fibrous residue after juice extraction) and contains silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and other minerals. The use of sugarcane waste materials reduces the need for new raw resources and lowers the environmental impact. Turning waste into valuable nanoparticles also helps manage waste better and reduces the amount that is burnt or dumped in landfills. The fly ash was treated with an alkaline solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) to extract silica. This process helps dissolve other minerals, leaving a silica-rich residue. After extraction, the silica was purified through acid washing to remove impurities. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were created using the sol-gel method and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was added to them functionally to conjugate sgRNA. The synthesized mesoporous silica nanoparticles were characterized for size and shape, functional groups, and crystallinity using various instruments such as Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Analyzer, and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), respectively. Furthermore, synthesized mesoporous silica nanoparticles were bioconjugated with sgRNA of OsEPF1, a gene negative regulation of stomatal development, which in turn, helps reduce yield loss in rice due to drought and heat stress

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL FIBER HYBRID COMPOSITES FOR BALLISTIC APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF MECHANISMS AND FAILURE CRITERIA

The use of lightweight natural fiber functional composites in the manufacturing of ballistic protective materials has garnered significant attention in recent years. This is due to their superior mechanical properties, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. Ballistic panels are constructed using multiple layers of diverse composites, which collectively exhibit excellent mechanical properties. These properties enable them to withstand strong impacts enhancing their capability for different applications in defense, military, and aerospace components. The primary focus of this review is to examine the different influential factors that govern the development of novel polymeric materials for current ballistic applications. It also explores various research approaches, such as experimental, analytical, numerical modeling, and empirical techniques. The review highlights both internal factors, such as material composition, and external factors, such as projectile parameters (e.g., nose angles, projectile shape, and projectile size). These factors are crucial for optimizing the robust ballistic performance of natural fiber-based polymer composites. In addition, various valuable insights to develop more effective and sustainable ballistic protective materials for applications in bulletproof helmets, defense, aerospace, and military sectors have also been elaborated. Consequently, the article presents a comprehensive review of the impact of utilizing various natural fibers as alternative materials to Kevlar for armor structures, offering a state-of-the-art perspective and challenges faced in full-scale implementation